專題07語(yǔ)法填空（記敘文+說(shuō)明文）（2023·新高考卷I語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,____36____(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe____39____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed____40____handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____42____(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith____43____touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris____44____(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft_____45_____(want)morenexttime.（2023·新高考卷II語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WheneverItellpeoplethatIteachEnglishattheBerlinZoo,Ialmostalwaysgetaquestioninglook.Behindit,thepersonistryingtofigureoutwhoexactlyIteach…theanimals?SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe___56___(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand___57___(confidence)speakingEnglish.AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish___58___?Notthepandas,eventhough___59___languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto___60___(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive___61___(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis___62___theyneedanEnglishtrainer.So,whataretheylearning?___63___(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop___64___toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Asalittlegirl,I___65___(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,I’mlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.【命題意圖】2023年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空中華美食小籠包的美妙滋味與制作知識(shí)，向世界展示中國(guó)美食文化，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生傳承和弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，增強(qiáng)文化自信和價(jià)值觀自信，厚植愛(ài)國(guó)主義情懷，其考查題點(diǎn)最大的變化就是加大了對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，淡化了對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從屬連詞的考查。2023年新高考II卷語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)篇講述了作者在柏林動(dòng)物園教英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)歷。作者幫助熊貓飼養(yǎng)員提高英語(yǔ)水平，以便應(yīng)對(duì)來(lái)自世界各地的游客和中國(guó)飼養(yǎng)員巡視的需求。熊貓飼養(yǎng)員需要運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行醫(yī)療培訓(xùn)、媒體采訪和國(guó)際交流，因此需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)。而熊貓飼養(yǎng)員所學(xué)的是描述熊貓生活的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。作者從小就夢(mèng)想成為一名動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)員，如今通過(guò)幫助熊貓飼養(yǎng)員提高英語(yǔ)水平，來(lái)間接實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。作者以幽默的語(yǔ)言娓娓道來(lái)，將自己的小小夢(mèng)想與幫助熊貓飼養(yǎng)員提高英語(yǔ)水平相結(jié)合，彰顯了影響和服務(wù)社會(huì)的價(jià)值。其考查題點(diǎn)最大的變化就是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換考查了3道，動(dòng)詞考查共2道，相對(duì)減少。【考查要點(diǎn)】2023年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空考查要點(diǎn)：有提示詞7（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞4，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換2，代詞1）;無(wú)提示詞3（冠詞1，并列連詞1，介詞1）。2023年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)變化較大，基本上打破了以往的命題規(guī)律，重點(diǎn)考查了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括不定式（疑問(wèn)詞+todo）、不定式的被動(dòng)式（tobedone）、現(xiàn)在分詞（作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）和過(guò)去分詞（作定語(yǔ)）的用法，沒(méi)有涉及對(duì)名詞的數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致、從句等的考查。這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，學(xué)生比較容易得出答案，而對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，可以將非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式，結(jié)合語(yǔ)態(tài)等進(jìn)行綜合設(shè)題，難度較大，可以很好地考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力。2023年新高考II卷語(yǔ)法填空考查要點(diǎn)：有提示詞6（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換3，名詞復(fù)數(shù)1）;無(wú)提示詞4（,介詞1，冠詞1，并列連詞1，從屬連詞1）。II卷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查共2道，相對(duì)減少。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換考查了3道，有動(dòng)詞變名詞，arrive--arrival;名詞變形容詞，confidence--confident;形容詞變副詞，basic--basically。這就要求學(xué)生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中多關(guān)注構(gòu)詞法。【課標(biāo)鏈接】高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空旨在考查學(xué)生在理解語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握情況，反映學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法，尤其是句法的運(yùn)用能力，體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和能力水平。相較于單項(xiàng)選擇，語(yǔ)法填空有完整的語(yǔ)篇支撐，語(yǔ)境更為清晰，語(yǔ)用更加明確，考點(diǎn)也更容易把握。考查形式分為有提示詞和無(wú)提示詞兩種，比例通常保持在7∶3。有提示詞試題包括：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的變化，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。無(wú)提示詞試題包括：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞，以及一些習(xí)慣搭配等。【1】（2022·新高考卷I語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).___56___(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes___57___sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat___58___(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___59___(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP___60___(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,___61___leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___62___(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and___63___(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.Giantpandasalsoserve___64___anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【2】（2022·新高考卷II語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽(yáng)臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___36___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___37___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___38___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he___40___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes___41___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___43___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy___44___(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___45___tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.【3】（2021·新高考卷I語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.____56____issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe____57____(human)are.Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill____58____(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the____59____(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____60____(astonish).Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit____61____(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure____62____offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour____63____(ache)legs.Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____64____(I).Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____65____musttovisit!【4】（2021·新高考卷II語(yǔ)法填空）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe____36____(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,____37____(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething____38____(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____39____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany____40____emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow____41____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso____42____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto____43____(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany____44____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____45_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.近三年I卷語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)對(duì)比：年份有提示詞無(wú)提示詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換代詞冠詞介詞從屬連詞并列連詞202304211101202222201021202112311011近三年II卷語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)對(duì)比：年份有提示詞無(wú)提示詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換代詞名詞冠詞介詞從屬連詞并列連詞202311301111120222221010212021123101011分析近三年的高考試題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法填空綜合性強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)分布廣，重難點(diǎn)在于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)的綜合運(yùn)用。學(xué)生平時(shí)需要多練習(xí)此類(lèi)綜合考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)的題目，提升對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的綜合運(yùn)用能力。1.熟悉常用的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空考察的是學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和應(yīng)用能力。教師需要讓學(xué)生熟悉英語(yǔ)中常用的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)等等。通過(guò)對(duì)這些語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的講解和練習(xí)，可以幫助學(xué)生更好地掌握應(yīng)用方法。2.關(guān)注上下文語(yǔ)境，盡可能還原原文意思。語(yǔ)法填空涉及到一些句子缺少必要的語(yǔ)言組成部分，因此對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)境的理解非常關(guān)鍵。教師可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文理解句子的含義，讓學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)語(yǔ)境預(yù)測(cè)正確的答案，同時(shí)可以透過(guò)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行信息補(bǔ)充，更好地還原原文意思。3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生注意細(xì)節(jié)。語(yǔ)法填空考驗(yàn)的是學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)分析能力，許多語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤在句子中的細(xì)節(jié)處，教師可以提供練習(xí)材料幫助學(xué)生熟悉常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注重細(xì)節(jié)。【1】（2023屆湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市明德中學(xué)5月高考全仿真模擬英語(yǔ)試卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Aleaffellintothewaterandchangedthetasteofit.Henceforth,teawasborn.Chinaisknownasthehomeoftea.Sinceancienttimes,tea____36____(influence)Chineseculture,leavingitspleasantsmellinpoetry,etiquetteandcustoms.Manytealoversenjoyteanotjustforitsflavor,butfor____37____beautyofteaceremonies.Pickingtea____38____(leaf)isanimportantspringactivityintheYangtzeRiverbasininSouthChina.Theearliestbatchofteaisoftenready____39____(pick)beforeQingming,whichisobservedinearlyApril____40____thetemperaturebeginstoriseandrainfallincreases.Thisprecioussmalloutputoftea,widely____41____(seek)afterforitsoutstandingquality,iscalledMingqiantea.EastChina’sZhejiangprovinceisacknowledged____42____amajorproduceroftea.WhiteTeainAnjicountyandWestLakeLongjingTeainHangzhouaretworenownedteasinbothChinaandabroad.Inspring,localhillsidesarefilledwithteaworkers____43____(sow)seedsontheirland.Inthepeakseasons,manytouristsflocktowitnessthebeautifulsceneryofteafarmsfor____44____(they),whileenjoyinga_____45_____(fresh)brewedcupoftea.In2022,traditionalteaprocessingtechniquesandassociatedsocialpracticesinChinawereinscribedontheRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Theleafhastraveledalongwayandcontinuestobloom,eventoday.【2】（2023屆山東省威海市高三5月高考模擬考試（二模）英語(yǔ)試題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DidyoueverimaginethatonedaywecouldenjoythebenefitsofTraditionalChineseMedicineinacupofcoffee?TraditionalChineseMedicine,orTCM,is___36___approachusedtohelppeoplere-balancetheirhealthandmind.AtypicalwayofmakingaTCMformula(配方)istogetaprescriptionfroma___37___(license)doctor,shopforallthemedicinalmaterials,andthenbrew(煎)themwithwaterinapot.Thesematerials___38___(say)tohavearestorativeeffectbyre-balancingone’snaturalenergy,orQi,___39___runsthroughseriesofinvisiblemeridians(經(jīng)脈)throughoutthebody.ButifyouaskyoungergenerationsofChinese,fewvisitTCMshopsnowadays,letalonebrewthesetime-testedremediesfor___40___(they).However,socialmediahasrecentlyseenatypeofcoffee___41___(feature)gojiberryjuicegetpopular.TheconceptofcombiningTCMherbs___42___populardrinkscouldmakeyoungpeopleaccessTCMmoreeasily.ThekeyofTCMis___43___(prevent).Bytryingsuchdrinks,youngpeoplecantakemorecareoftheirhealth,andnipsicknessesinthebud.Mostpeople,attractedinsuchacafebythe”newTCMdrinks“atfirst,wouldalsobeofferedotherTCMproductslikedriedherbsandteas,afterwhichtheystay___44___(learn)moreaboutTCM.AsTraditionalChineseMedicinebecomesmore___45___(access)toyoungpeople,manyareintegratingtheseancientdrinksintotheirdailywellnessroutines.【3】（2023屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)高三5月二模英語(yǔ)試卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Itiswellknownthataero(航空)sportshavebeenpopularintheUS,NewZealandandothercountriesforyears.China’sHainanisfamousforitsnatural____36____(beautiful)ofendlesssea,andgoldenbeaches.____37____awarmclimateandover300sunnydayseachyearalsoprovidefavorableconditionsforaerosportshere.Aerosports,includingitemssuchasskydivingandhotairballooning,____38____(be)inrapidgrowthinChina,andHainanhasseenthecombinationofsuchsportsandtourismthrivingoverrecentyears.Agreatmanyfrequentvisitors____39____China’ssouthernmostislandprovincechoosetoadmireHainan’sfantasticscenerynotjustatthebeach,butalsofromhighabovewiththehelpof____40____(professional)qualifiedskydivingcoaches.Visitorscangivefullexpressiontotheirfeelingsandpersonalities,andliberate____41____(they)fromtheirsometimesboringeverydaylifebyparticipatinginaerosports.Whatisshowninstatisticsis____42____askydivingclubsawarecord-breakingsingle-dayreceptionof166customersduringthisyear’sSpringFestivalholiday.Withthe____43____(rise)popularityofaerosports,aswellasadvantageouspoliciesinbuildingtheHainanFreeTradePort,____44____increasingnumberofpeoplefromhomeandabroadhavesettledinHainan.Theprovince______45______(host)severalnational-levelaerosportseventsinthepastfewyearsandisstrivingtobuildanationalsportstourismdemonstrationzoneby2025.【教學(xué)反撥】1.平時(shí)做語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練，題不在多，而在于精，語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練講究舉一反三，透徹理解一道題，比反復(fù)刷題有用。扎實(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)一步關(guān)注詞法知識(shí)和句法知識(shí)；2.選材要融入中國(guó)元素，在更豐富的語(yǔ)境中理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，形成以語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用為導(dǎo)向的“形式—意義—使用”三維動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)法觀。3.要做到“語(yǔ)法扎實(shí)(包括純語(yǔ)法和固定搭配)、派生詞熟練、準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)境意思”這3個(gè)方面。4.打破固定語(yǔ)法填空做題思維結(jié)構(gòu)，比如，動(dòng)詞一定會(huì)考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一定會(huì)考察從屬連詞等，這些所謂的“規(guī)律”在語(yǔ)法基本功面前都不足一提。盡管錦棉沒(méi)考察謂語(yǔ)，但是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)還是復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，尤其是時(shí)態(tài)，看似簡(jiǎn)單，做題時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真試題，分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一遍精準(zhǔn)確定時(shí)態(tài)。【技巧點(diǎn)撥】1.有提示詞填空題的解題技巧此類(lèi)題考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩類(lèi)：一是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱和主謂一致，動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)變化，名詞的數(shù)，形容詞的級(jí)別及代詞的格等變化;另一類(lèi)是詞的詞形變化，即通過(guò)派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等構(gòu)詞法生成符合語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)法的新詞。（1）當(dāng)提示詞為動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)，一般應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要全面分析句意，綜合各種條件，判定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和人稱單復(fù)數(shù)變化。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果句中已有謂語(yǔ)，且設(shè)空處不作并列謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其在句中的成分，判斷其邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定兩者的邏輯關(guān)系（是主謂關(guān)系還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系），并根據(jù)其時(shí)間和句法功能做出進(jìn)一步選擇。簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)，即“先語(yǔ)態(tài)，后時(shí)態(tài)，再功能”。例如：Atalk_____（give）tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”做的，故用不定式;且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——tobegiven。（2）當(dāng)提示詞為名詞時(shí)，要注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的變化。例如：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，andthe____（child）housesareallfarfromschool.由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)，且作houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children's。另外，也要注意將名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~或動(dòng)詞的情況，比如2020年全國(guó)甲卷第69空。例如：The______（beauty）longbranchescoveredwithpink？coloredbuds（蓓蕾）makefantasticdecorations.空格后是被形容詞long所修飾的名詞branches，根據(jù)句意“又美又長(zhǎng)的枝條”可知，空格處應(yīng)該是形容詞。故將名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~beautiful。（3）當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí)，考查方向通常有三種：考查其比較等級(jí)、考查形容詞和副詞之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和考查形容詞或副詞的反義詞。注意：若考查比較等級(jí)時(shí)，題中通常會(huì)有than、oneof（the）、even、much等與其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)連用，或在詞后加后綴？或在詞前加more/most和less/least，且形容詞的最高級(jí)前還要加定冠詞the。例如：Iam____（tall）thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，而只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。（4）當(dāng)提示詞是代詞時(shí)，要注意其各種格之間的形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的人稱代詞（主格和賓格）、物主代詞（形容詞性和名詞性）和反身代詞，另外還有如other/another等不定代詞的形式變化。例如：（2020年·全國(guó)乙卷）...couldhelpChinadecidewhether_______（it）plansforafuturelunar（月球的）basearepractical.根據(jù)文意和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處it應(yīng)變?yōu)樗懈駃ts。例如：（2018年·全國(guó)丙卷）...Iwasjustgladtofind_____（they）alive.根據(jù)文意和語(yǔ)法要求可知，此處應(yīng)填賓格them。例如：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby____（he）.根據(jù)介詞by可知，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。（5）當(dāng)提示詞是數(shù)詞時(shí)，要注意基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞等形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴？甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式once/twice。例如：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf;mysecondsonshalltakea____（three）.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該分得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。特別提醒：要注意一些表示“整十”的基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的拼寫(xiě)。（6）詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞為主，如形容詞、副詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。因此，要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)