教學(xué)內(nèi)容:動詞的語態(tài)【重點難點提示】一、重點是:(11.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。(1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):am(is,are+動詞過去分詞RiceisgrowninChina.中國出產(chǎn)大米。(2一般過去時的被動語態(tài):Was(were+動詞過去分詞Thesephotosweretakenlastyear.這些照片是去年照的。(3含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞Thiscarcanbemendedinanhour.這輛小汽車一小時就能修好。2.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法:(1把主動語態(tài)的賓語提前變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)。但時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致,但人稱和數(shù)的形式取決于被動語態(tài)的主語。(3把主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語，有時可以省略。二、難點是:(1被動語態(tài)的用法(即何時用被動語態(tài)。(2主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(怎樣變。三、考點是:(1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。(2一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。(3含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。(4將主動語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。有關(guān)動詞的語態(tài)在歷年各地中考題中約占3分左右?！窘?jīng)典范例引路】例1IthinkEzhou-HuanggangBridgeupin2003.A.buildsB.isbuiltC.canbuildD.canbebuilt(2001年黃岡市中考題簡析:此題是考查含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句中主語Ezhou-HuanggangBridge與謂語buildup之間的關(guān)系，可以看出主語是動詞短語buildup的承受者，要用被動語態(tài)。且根據(jù)說話人的語氣，只是一種推斷，表示有可能，因此要用情態(tài)動詞can。故答案為D。例2DoyouknowbananasinHainan?A.growsB.isgrownC.grewD.aregrown(2001年甘肅省中考題簡析:此題是考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意此句所填部分應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，并且根據(jù)賓語從句中主語bananas與謂語動詞grow之間的關(guān)系,可以看出主語bananas是謂語動詞grow的承受者，因此要用被動語態(tài)。且賓語從句的主語bananas為復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為D。例3Nooneknowshowthehugerocksandwithoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsago.A.arecut,movedB.werecut,moveC.arecut,movingD.werecut,moved(2001年廣州市中考題簡析:此題是考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。在賓語從句中有表示過去的時間狀語eighthundredyearsago,表明賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用一般過去時。根據(jù)主語thehugerocks與謂語動詞cut和move之間的關(guān)系，表明主語是謂語動詞的承受者，謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)，且cut和move為并列謂語，后一個謂語應(yīng)省去助動詞be。且主語thehugerocks為復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為D。例4LiLeimendedthebike.(改為同義句ThebikebyLiLei.(2001年遼寧省中考題簡析:此題是考查將一般過去時主動語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。原句是主動語態(tài),謂語動詞為一般過去時,被動句中的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)thebike,其答案應(yīng)為wasmended。例5Kenisoftenheardtoapologizetohisteacher.(改為主動語態(tài)WeoftenKentohisteacher.(2001年深圳市中考題簡析:此題是考查一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)。被動句是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主動句中的主語是第一人稱復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞要用動詞原形。并且動詞hear在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中后面要接帶to的動詞不定式，但它在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中常接不帶to的動詞不定式。故答案為hear,apologize。【同步達(dá)綱練習(xí)】I.單項選擇(選自各地中考題(1.Themedicineinadryandcoolplace.(2000年重慶市中考題A.keepB.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeep(2.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.(2000年天津市中考題A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive(3.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemustdowntoomanytrees.(2001年安徽省中考題A.stoptooutB.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocutD.bestoppedfromcutting(4.About500carsinthefactorynextmonth.(2001年遼寧省中考題A.wereproducedB.willproduceC.havebeenproducedD.willbeproduced(5.Thekeyforlockingtheclassroomdoor.(2001年廣西省中考題A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use(6.Anewschooloverthereintwoyears.(2001年四川省中考題A.maybuildB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt(7.Themanwholivedaloneonthatislandthoughthenever.A.will,findB.would,befoundC.is,foundD.had,beenfound(8.Computersareveryuseful.Forexample,theycansendinge-mail.(電子郵件(2001年蘇州市中考題A.useforB.beusedofC.beusedforD.useof(9.—Whatanicegarden!—Iteveryday.(2000年武漢市中考題A.iscleaningB.hascleanedC.mustcleanD.iscleaned(10.Thisworknextweek.(2000年廣西省中考題A.mayfinishB.finishC.finishesD.maybefinished(11.Myhousein1995.Wehavelivedtherefornearlyfiveyears.(2000年廣西省中考題A.wasbuildB.hasbuiltC.isbuiltD.werebuilt(12.Thelostboyearlythismorning.(2000年四川省中考題A.foundB.wasfoundedC.wasfoundD.founded(13.Thatwhitebuildingtwoyearsago,butitisquiteoldnow.(2000年河北省中考題A.builtB.wasbuiltC.isbuiltD.builds(14.Thebigtreebymymothertenyearsago.(2000年甘肅省中考題A.wasplantedB.plantedC.hasplantedD.wasplanting【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】II.用括號中動詞被動結(jié)構(gòu)的適當(dāng)形式填空。.Englishwidely(useintheworld..Thesepicturesmust(keepwell..She(fallilllastnight,andshe(taketothehospitalatonce..Nowriceandwheat(growinmyhometown,too.Look!Thecrops (growfastinthefields..TheGreatWall(knowallovertheworld..thestreetlightsusually(turnonatseveninsummerevening?.thiskindofcar(produceinWuhan?.thedoctor(sendforlastnight?.Weusedateapotbeforethethermos(invent..Threechildren(takegoodcareofbythenurse..Somenewhouses(buildbythevillagersthemselves..Whatlanguage(speakinJapan?.Theblackbike(buyinthatshopthreedaysago..ThedoctorsaidJimmust(operateonatonce..Thebigtree(blowdowninthestormlastnight.【創(chuàng)新備考訓(xùn)練】III.將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)。.Youneedn’tdoitnow..Youmustfinishyourhomeworknow..Wecandotheworktoday..Shehaddonetheworkbytheendoflastmonth..Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine(雜志..Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday..Mybrotherisreadingthebooknow..Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996..Yesterdayweplayedfootballafterschool..PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall..Heoftenhelpshisbrother..DoyoulearnUnit8?.DoesLiLeidohishomeworkathome?.DidMissGaospeakEnglishyesterday?.WhendidMikevisitChina?.Whydoyoutellherthething?參考答案【同步達(dá)綱練習(xí)】I.1—5CCDDB6—10BBCDD11—14ACBA【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】II.1.is,used2上ekept3.fell,wastaken4.aregrownisgrowing5.isknown6.Are,turned7.Is,produced8.Was,sent9.wasinvented10.aretaken11.werebuilt12.isspoken13.wasbought14.beoperated15.wasblown【創(chuàng)新備考訓(xùn)練】III.1.Itneedn'tbedonenow.2.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishednow.3.Theworkcanbedonebyustoday.4.Theworkhadbeendonebyherbytheendoflastmonth.5.Manystorieshavebeenwrittenbythewriterforthatmagazine.6.Hishomeworkwasbeingdonebyhimatthistimeyesterday7.Thebookisbeingreadbymybrothernow8.Thathospitalwasfoundedbythemin1996.9.Yesterdayafootballwasplayedbyasafterschool.10.TheGreatWallisknownallov