Day13.特別句式【學習目標】了解并把握英語中的特別句式：祈使句，感慨句，省略句，強調(diào)句和倒裝句。【學問展區(qū)】【沉醉式精析】1.祈使句祈使句用來表達說話人的懇求、命令、建議、勸說等。祈使句的主語一般為其次人稱(通常省略)，有時也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代詞。祈使句的4種形式：(1)動詞原形(＋賓語＋其他成分)；(2)Be＋表語，如Behonest.；(3)Let’s/Letusdo/notdosth；(4)祈使句＋and/or＋簡潔句(簡潔句謂語用一般將來時)。(1)what引導的感慨句·What＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！·What＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不行數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！Whatlovelychildrentheyare!他們是多么可愛的孩子啊！(2)how引導的感慨句·How＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！·How＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語！·How＋主語＋謂語！Howinterestingastoryitis!→Whataninterestingstoryitis!這是多么好玩的一個故事啊！Howtimeflies！時間過得真快呀！省略是高考常常涉及的語法點，常考的幾種如下：(1)狀語從句的省略：在when,while,if,asif,though,as,whether等連詞引導的狀語從句中，假如謂語有be，而主語又跟主句的主語相同或是it，那么從句的主語和be常常省略。Themanisrollingonthegroundasif(heis)hurtbadlyintheleg.那個男的在地上打著滾，好像他的腿傷得厲害。(2)不定式中的省略：在肯定的上下文中為了防止重復，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語)，只保存不定式符號to，否認形式的省略用notto。但假如省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be,have(作助動詞用)，通常保存be或have。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn’twantto(seethefilm).我要他去看電影，但他不想去。(3)if引導的虛擬條件句的省略：當if從句中有had,should,were時，可以省去if，同時把had,should,were置于句首。Weretheytogetmarried，theywouldbehappy.要是他們結(jié)婚的話，他們會幸福的。強調(diào)句是高考考查的重難點，要留意以下六點：(1)被強調(diào)局部是人時，連接詞用that/who都可以；非人時，用that。(2)強調(diào)句的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was＋it＋被強調(diào)的局部＋that/who＋其他局部。(3)強調(diào)句的特別疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特別疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他局部？WhenwasitthathemovedtoAmerica?他是什么時候搬到去的？(4)含not...until...的強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋...＋that＋其他局部。(5)把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who〞去掉之后，句子依舊成立，就是強調(diào)句，否那么就不是強調(diào)句。(6)假如需要強調(diào)謂語，應用助動詞do,does或did。Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里確實設法讓他上了技術(shù)學校。(1)局部倒裝①將含有否認意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時引起局部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類詞(組)有：never,seldom,rarely,little,few,atnotime,bynomeans,nolonger,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...,notuntil,nowhere,neither...nor...等。NotuntilIlostmyjobdidIrealizeIshouldadjustmyattitude.直到我失業(yè)了，我才意識到我應當調(diào)整我的態(tài)度。②“only＋狀語〞置于句首時，主句要進行局部倒裝。Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoufocusonyourstudy.只有當你的心態(tài)平和時，你才能專注于你的學習。③so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中的so,such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用局部倒裝。Suchgreatsuccessdidheachievethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的成就，因此受到了表揚。④表示前面所說的狀況也適用于后者時，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語〞(so表示確定意義，neither/nor表示否認意義)。IsawthefilmHarryPotterlastweek,sodidshe.我上周看了電影?哈利波特?，她也看了。(2)完全倒裝here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,onthewall,intheroom等表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且句子主語為名詞時，句子用全部倒裝。TherestandmanystonesculpturesoffamoushistoricalfiguresonthePublicSquare.群眾廣場上聳立著很多歷史名人的石雕像。【翻譯句子】1.多么難忘的一次經(jīng)受啊！(what)__________________________________________________________________________2.老師對我喊：“堅持，你會勝利的！〞(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)___________________________________________________________________________到達了終點線。(強調(diào)句)_____________________________________________________________________________4.眾所周知，只有通過努力訓練我們才能在競賽時表現(xiàn)精彩。(only＋介詞短語)_________________________________________________________________________________玩耍的狗狗。(完全倒裝句)_________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Whataunforgettableexperience!2.Myteachershoutedatme，“Keepup，andyouwillmakeit！〞3.ItwaswithgreatcourageanddeterminationthatIfinallyreachedthefinishingline.4.Asweallknow，onlybypracticinghardcanweperformwellinthematch.5.Inthebackyardweretwohappypuppiesplayingaboutonthegrassland.【單句語法填空】1.___________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.2.InancientChinalivedanartist____________paintingswerealmostlifelike.3.Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood__________isprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.4.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson__________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild.5.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth____________givesofflightinthedark.答案：1.What2.whose3.that4.what5.that/which【語篇訓練】Youhaveprobablydreamedabout1.____________youwouldchangetheworld,onlytofind2.____________itseemsimpossible.However,youmayhavethepowertomaketheworldbetterwithbabysteps.That’stheideabehindtheBAChallenge,3.____________isapublicservicecampaignco－initiatedbyAlibabaandSinaWeibo.Itaskspeopletodosomethingpositiveandthenrecordthechangesbeforeandafter.4.____________itfirstappearedonSinaWeiboonSept.2nd,theBAChallengehasattractedmillionsofviewersandparticipants.5.____________theselittlethingsmaybeeasilyignoredinourdailylives,theyarewellreceivedbymanyviewers.答案1.how[考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________youwouldchangetheworld〞是介詞about的賓語，依據(jù)句意“你或許幻想如何轉(zhuǎn)變世界〞可知，此處用how引導賓語從句。]2.that[考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________itseemsimpossible〞是find的賓語，從句在結(jié)構(gòu)和句意上均完整，故用that引導賓語從句。]3.which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是theBAChallenge，指物，從句中缺少主