2023年考研考博考博英語江西師范大學考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thespaceprojectrequiresmoremoneythan______becauseitneedsthemostmodernandadvancedequipmentwhichisextremelyexpensive.問題1選項A.tobeputinB.tohavebeenputinC.puttinginD.havingputit2.單選題Whatkindofhumanbeingwillthefuturespacemanbe?Willheneedbonesofsteelandpowerfulmusclestoresistrocketthrust,thelungsofaglassblower,amightyheart,thecalmnessofanacrobat,unconsciousdeathurges,oraschizophrenic(患精神分裂癥的)drovetowardisolation?Popularideasofaspacemantendtobefunnycompositesoffictionandfact.Amorerealisticportraitemergesfromtheyoungscienceofbioastronautics,thenewestandstrangestofmedicaldisciplines.Theastronautmaybedescribedasayoungmanofhighintelligencewhoisnormaltoanabnormaldegree.Onearthhemaywellhavebeenahighjumper,oracrobat.Hemustbehighlymotivated,carefullytrained,andhemustwanttocomeback.Hisheartandlungsmustbehealthybutneednotbeexceptionallydeveloped,forhiscabinwillbepressurized.Hugemusclesmayactuallybedisadvantageous,forhewillhavealmostnowaytogetexercise,andhewillfindthatthestrengthofayear-oldchildisadequateintheweightlessnessofspace.Afirmbodyandashort,strongneckwillhelphimtowithstandthetremendousforcesencounteredattake-off.Mostimportantphysically,hisdigestivesystemmustbeonethatwillnotbeupsetbyweightlessness;hemustnotbesubjecttomotionsickness.46.AllthefollowingarepopularbeliefsaboutthefuturespacemanEXCEPTthat______.47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredbytheauthorasamorerealisticimageofthefuturespaceman?48.Bioastronauticsismostlyrelatedto______.49.“normaltoanabnormaldegree”(Para.2)means______.50.Tothefuturespaceman,whatismostphysicallyimportantisthat______.問題1選項A.facedwithisolation,heisbraveenoughandnotliabletogomadB.heneedstohaveastrongdeathcomplexC.hemusthavestrongbonesandpowerfulmusclesD.hemustbecool-headed問題2選項A.Hemusthavesuperiorintelligence.B.Heisyoung.C.Heshouldhaveastrongdesiretosurvive.D.Hedoesn’tgetupseteasily.問題3選項A.literatureB.thescienceofmedicineC.biologyD.disciplinesandregulations問題4選項A.seeminglynormalbutactuallyabnormalB.soordinarythatheisundistinguishedineverywayC.extremelyhealthy,andthereisnothingabnormalwithhimD.sonormalthatnoonebelievesitistrue問題5選項A.hisvitalcapacitymustbeasgreatataglassblower’sB.hemusthaveashortandfirmneckC.hisheartmustbecomparativelylargeD.hisdigestivesystemshouldnotbeupsetbyweightlessness3.單選題Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingthan______time,itmustbeactive.問題1選項A.spendingB.passingC.wastingD.idling4.單選題Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.問題1選項A.werelyingB.werelaidC.havinglaidD.havinglain5.單選題Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnards(腸胃)arediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithascertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespected.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecomingmysteriousanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumorististhattheyarereallyverysadpeopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingswittilycalledthem,“tireboots”).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsorts,withhisupmomentsandhisdownmoments,andyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristtotastethesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcrying,andifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepointwherehisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealm,itisbecausehumor,likepoetry,hasanextracontent.ItplaysclosetothebighotfirewhichisTruth,andsometimesthereaderfeelstheheat.11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.問題1選項A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumorB.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalueC.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientificD.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthor問題2選項A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumorB.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumorC.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubblesD.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhile問題3選項A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughablewayB.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholyC.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfullyD.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart問題4選項A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurfaceB.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymomentsC.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcryingD.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmic問題5選項A.parallelismB.metaphorsC.metonymyD.similes6.單選題Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.問題1選項A.legislationB.requirementC.criteriaD.measures7.單選題Eachsummer,nomatterhowpressingmyworkschedule,Itakeoffonedayexclusivelyformyson.Wecallitdad-sonday.Thisyearourthirdstopwastheamusementpark,wherehediscoveredthathewastallenoughtorideoneofthefastestrollercoasters(過山車)intheworld.Weblastedthroughface-stretchingturnsandloopsforninetyseconds.Then,aswesteppedofftheride,heshruggedand,inadistressinglycalmvoice,remarkedthatitwasnotasexcitingasotherrideshe’dbeenon.AsIlistened,Ibegantosensesomethingseriouslyoutofbalance.Throughouttheseason,Inoticedsimilareventsallaroundme.Parentsseemedhardpressedtofindnewthrillsforindifferentkids.Surroundedbyever-greaterstimulation,theiryoungfaceswerelookingdisappointedandbored.Facingtheirchildren’scomplaintsof“nothingtodo”,parentswereshellingoutlargenumbersofdollarsforvariousformsofentertainment.Inmanycasesthemoneyseemedtodolittlemorethanbuytransientrelieffromtheterriblemoansoftheirboredchildren.Thissetmeponderingtheobviousquestion:“Howcanitbesohardforkidstofindsomethingtodowhenthere’sneverbeensucharangeofstimulatingentertainmentavailabletothem?”Whatreallyworriesmeistheintensityofthestimulation.watchmylittledaughter’sfaceassheabsorbsthepowerfulonslaught(沖擊)ofarousingvisualsandbloodyspecialeffectsinmovies.Whydochildrenimmersedinthismuchexcitementseemstarvedformore?Thatwas,Irealized,thepoint.Idiscoveredduringmyownrecklessadolescencethatwhatcreatesexcitementisnotgoingfast,butgoingfaster.Thrillshavelesstodowithspeedthanchangesinspeed.I’mconcernedaboutthecumulativeeffectofyearsattheselevelsoffeverishactivity.Itisnomysterytomewhymanyteenagersappearapathetic(麻木的)andburnedout,witha“beenthere,donethat”airofindifferencetowardmuchoflife.Asincreasingnumbersoffriends’childrenareprescribedmedications—stimulantstodealwithinattentivenessatschooloranti-depressantstohelpwiththelossofinterestandjoyintheirlives—Iquestiontheroleofkids’boredominsomeofthediagnoses.Myownworkisfocusedonthechemicalimbalancesandbiologicalfactorsrelatedtobehavioralandemotionaldisorders.Thesearecomplexproblems.YetI’vebeenreflectingmoreandmoreonhowthepaceoflifeandtheintensityofstimulationmaybecontributingtotherisingratesofpsychiatricproblemsamongchildrenandadolescentsinoursociety.11.Theauthorfeltsurprisedintheamusementparkatthefactthat_____.12.Accordingtotheauthor,childrenarebored_____.13.Fromhisownexperience,theauthorcametotheconclusionthatchildrenseemtoexpect_____.14.InParagraph6,theauthorexpresseshisdoubtabouttheeffectivenessoftryingtochangechildren’sindifferencetowardmuchoflifeby_____.15.Inordertoalleviatechildren’sboredom,theauthorwouldprobablysuggest______.問題1選項A.hissonwasnotasthrilledbytherollercoastersrideasexpectedB.hissonblastedthroughtheturnsandloopswithhisfacestretchedC.hissonappeareddistressedbutcalmwhileridingtherollercoastersD.hissoncouldkeephisbalancesowellonthefastmovingrollercoasters問題2選項A.unlesstheirparentscanfindnewthrillsforthemB.whentheydon’thaveanyaccesstostimulatingfungamesC.whentheyareleftaloneatweekendsbytheirworkingparentsD.eveniftheyareexposedtomoreandmorekindsofentertainment問題3選項A.amuchwidervarietyofsportsfacilitiesB.activitiesthatrequiresophisticatedskillsC.ever-changingthrillingformsofrecreationD.physicalexercisesthataremorechallenging問題4選項A.divertingtheirinterestfromelectronicvisualgamesB.prescribingmedicationsfortheirtemporaryreliefC.creatingmorestimulatingactivitiesforthemD.spendingmoremoneyontheirentertainment問題5選項A.adjustingthepaceoflifeandintensityofstimulationB.promotingthepracticeofdad-sondaysC.consultingaspecialistinchildpsychologyD.balancingschoolworkwithextracurricularactivities8.翻譯題Itishardtoimaginehowourforefatherscoulddowithoutsomanyconveniencesthatmoderntechnologyhasbroughtabout.Backthenonlyasmallproportionofthepopulationenjoyedsomecomforts.Themajoritydidn’tevenhavesufficientfood,letalonetheprivilegeofbeingeducated.However,manypeopleblamemoderntechnologyfortheproblemsithascreated.Theywanttoslowdowntherateofprogress.Butnoonecanputtheclockback.Thebestwecandoistomakeinformeddecisionsasthedirectioninwhichtechnologyistodevelop.9.單選題ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingbecauseitinvolvesdisassemblingtheDNAmoleculeandthenrecombiningorsplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.Thegene-splicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbythisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulin（胰島素）andinterferon（干擾素）cheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdrugstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesanddangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?13.Theword“alleviate”(Para.2)isnearestinmeaningto_____.

14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.15.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis_____.問題1選項A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineeringB.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineeringC.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineeringD.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment問題2選項A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.問題3選項A.relieveB.avoidC.eliminateD.terminate問題4選項A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyB.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbiddenC.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsagoD.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode問題5選項A.enthusiasticB.indifferentC.criticalD.objective10.單選題Fishingaddsonlyabout1percenttotheglobaleconomy,butonaregionalbasisitcancontributeenormouslytohumansurvival.Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.Fishingtypicallydoesnotrequirelandownership,andbecauseitremains,ingeneralopentoall,itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.WithinSoutheastAsiaalone,morethanfivemillionpeoplefishfull-time.InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean.InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork.Althoughdebatesovertheconservationofnaturalresourcesareoftencastasaconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment.MichaelP.SissenwineandAndrewA.RosenbergoftheU.S.NationalMarineFisheriesServicehaveestimatedthatifdepletedspecieswereallowedtorebuildtotheirlong-termpotential,theirsustainableusewouldaddabout$8billiontotheU.S.grossnationalproduct—andprovidesome300,000jobs.Iffishpopulationswererestoredandproperlymanaged,about20millionmetrictonscouldbeaddedtotheworld’sannualcatch.Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.Foreach$1millionofinvestment,industrial-scalefishingoperationsrequireonlyonetofivepeople,whereassmall-scalefisherieswouldemploybetween60to3,000.Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence.1.Theanimalsourcewhichsuppliesthemostproteinforhumanbeingis.2.Paragraph2impliesthat.3.Intheconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,theauthortakessideswiththosewhoareinfavorof.4.Thebalancebetweenjobsandtheemploymentcanbekeptif.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatmakinglessuseofmoderntechnologymay.問題1選項A.beefB.fishC.porkD.chicken問題2選項A.mostofmen’semploymentisfromfishingB.mancanalwaysturntofishingforemploymentC.fortypercentofChileansliveonfishingboatsorshipsD.fishinghasbeenthebiggestindustryinNewfoundland問題3選項A.increasingtheannualcatchB.creatingmorejobsC.gettinggreaterfiscalprofitabilityD.conservingnaturalresources問題4選項A.fishingcapacityisfurtherincreasedB.fishingjobsarefurtherincreasedC.fewerwell-equippedfishingshipsareusedD.fewerspeciesareallowedtorebuild問題5選項A.reducepressureonfishpopulationsB.threatentheworld’sannualcatchC.increasegovernment’sinvestmentD.costtensofthousandsoffishermen’sjobs11.單選題Expertsbelievethelargenumberofcancercasesintheareais______thenewnuclearpowerstation.問題1選項A.resultedfromB.concernedaboutC.relatedtoD.dependenton12.單選題Muchnewknowledgeisadmittedlyremotefromtheimmediateinterestsoftheordinarymaninthestreet.Heisnotintriguedorimpressedbythefactthatanoblegas(惰性氣體)likexenon(氙)canformcompounds—somethingthatuntilrecentlymostchemistssworewasimpossible.Whileeventhisknowledgemayhaveanimpactonhimwhenitisembodiedinnewtechnology,untilthen,hecanaffordtoignoreit.Agoodbitofnewknowledge,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyrelatedtohisimmediateconcerns,hisjob,hispolitics,hisfamilylife,evenhissexualbehavior.Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietyandinourtheoriesofchildrearing.AttheturnofthecenturyintheUnitedStates,forexample,thedominanttheoryreflectedtheprevailingscientificbeliefintheimportanceofheredityindeterminingbehavior.MotherswhohadneverheardofDarwinorSpencerraisedtheirbabiesinwaysconsistentwiththeworldviewsofthesethinkers.Vulgarizedandsimplified,passedfrompersontoperson,theseworldviewswerereflectedintheconvictionsofmillionsofordinarypeoplethat“badchildrenarearesultofbadstock,”that“crimeishereditary,”etc.Intheearlydecadesofthecentury,theseattitudesfellbackbeforetheadvanceofenvironmentalism.Thebeliefthatenvironmentshapespersonality,andthattheearlyyearsarethemostimportant,createdanewimageofthechild.TheworkofWatsonandPavlovbegantocreepintothepublicken(知識).Mothersreflectedthenewbehaviorism,refusingtofeedinfantsondemand,refusingtopickthemupwhentheycried,weaning(斷奶)earlytoavoidprolongeddependency.AstudybyMarthaWolfensteinhascomparedtheadviceofferedparentsinsevensuccessiveeditionsofINFANTCARE,ahandbookissuedbytheUnitedStatesChildren’sBureaubetween1914and1951.Shefounddistinctshiftsinthepreferredmethodsfordealingwithweaningandthumb-sucking.Itisclearfromthisstudythatbythelatethirtiesstillanotherimageofthechildhadgainedascendancy.Freudianconceptssweptinlikeawaveandrevolutionizedchildrearingpractices.Suddenly,mothersbegantohearabout“therightsofinfants”andtheneedfor“oralgratification.”Permissivenessbecametheorderoftheday.11.Thepassagetellsusthatanynewknowledgewillhaveapowerfulinfluenceonordinarypeopleif____.12.Theprevailingscientificbeliefattheturnofthecenturywasthat____.13.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmotherswhowereinfluencedbyFreudianideastendedtobe____.14.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheworldviewsisbasically____.15.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____.問題1選項A.itissimpleandunderstandableB.itisadvocatedbyeminentpersonsC.ithasbeenputintopracticeandproventrueD.ithassomethingtodowiththeirimmediateconcerns問題2選項A.personalitywasshapedbyenvironmentB.characterwastransmittedfromparentsC.behaviorwasdeterminedbysocialbackgroundD.outlookwascoloredbyprevailingbeliefs問題3選項A.criticalofprolongedmaternalcareoftheinfantsB.tolerantoftheirbabies’thumb-suckinghabitsC.awareoftheimportanceofweaninginfantsearlyD.tiredofpickingtheirbabiesuptheminutetheycried問題4選項A.humorousB.negativeC.positiveD.tolerant問題5選項A.ShiftinChildrearingPatternsB.RevolutioninChildrearingPracticesC.FreudianTheoriesandChildrearingD.PenetrationofNewknowledge13.單選題Whenthestormbroke,theflockofsheepwere______inalldirections.問題1選項A.strayingB.dispersingC.separatingD.distributing14.單選題IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.問題1選項A.whoiswhoB.whoiswhomC.whichiswhichD.whoiswhich15.單選題Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.問題1選項A.helpB.safetyC.assistD.rescue16.單選題Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetations,ormaterialsadversely.Airpollutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled—afarcryfromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Inthefuture,evenwatervapormightbeconsideredanairpollutantundercertainconditions.Manyofthemoreimportantairpollutants,suchassulfuroxides,carbonmonoxide,andnitrogenoxides,arefoundinnature.AstheEarthdeveloped,theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycle.Theseserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoilonaglobalbasis,nature’soutputofthesecompoundsdwarfsthatresultingfromhumanactivities.However,humanproductionusuallyoccursinalocalizedarea,suchasacity.Inthislocalizedregions,humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycle.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxiouschemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulfurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm),whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Carbonmonoxide,however,hasanaturallevelof0.1ppmandisnotusuallyapollutantuntilitslevelreachesabout15ppm.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.3.Naturalpollutantscanplayanimportantroleincontrollingairpollutionforwhichofthefollowingreasons?4.Accordingtothepassage,thenumericalvalueoftheconcentrationlevelofasubstanceisonlyusefulif__________.5.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedbythepassage?問題1選項A.Theeconomicimpactofairpollution.B.Whatconstitutesanairpollutant.C.Howmuchharmairpollutantscancause.D.Theeffectsofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere.問題2選項A.watervaporisanairpollutantinlocalizedareasB.mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelledC.thedefinitionofairpollutionwillcontinuetochangeD.asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincities問題3選項A.Theyfunctionaspartofapurificationprocess.B.Theyoccuringreaterquantitiesthanotherpollutants.C.Theyarelessharmfultolivingbeingsthanareotherpollutants.D.TheyhaveexistedsincetheEarthdeveloped.問題4選項A.theothersubstancesintheareaareknownB.itisinalocalizedareaC.thenaturallyoccurringlevelisalsoknownD.itcanbecalculatedquickly問題5選項A.Toeffectivelycontrolpollutionlocalgovernmentsshouldregularlyreviewtheirairpollutionlaws.B.Oneofthemostimportantstepsinpreservingnaturallandsistobetterenforceairpollutionlaws.C.Scientistsshouldbeconsultedinordertoestablishuniformlimitsforallairpollutants.D.Humanactivitieshavebeeneffectiveinreducingairpollution.17.單選題They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.問題1選項A.founderedB.stumbledC.fumbledD.tripped18.單選題John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.問題1選項A.worthwhileB.worthyC.worthD.worthless19.單選題

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