2023年考研考博考博英語北京大學考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.問題1選項A.InspiteB.AlthoughC.WhileD.Despite2.單選題Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.問題1選項A.encodeB.decipherC.clearD.identify3.單選題Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.問題1選項A.onhisaccountB.onhisbehalfC.forhispartD.inhisinterest4.單選題Overtheyears,JimmyConnors()phenomenaldisplaysoftennisandtemperamentattheUSOpenlastweek,heexhibitedbothagain.問題1選項A.hastreatedspectatorswithB.hastreatedspectatorsforC.hastreatedspectatorsD.hastreatedspectatorsto5.單選題()，wirelesscommunicationswillincreasinglybecomepartofthefabricofeverydaylife.問題1選項A.InyearstocomeB.SincecomingyearsC.ForyearstocomeD.Overcomingyears6.單選題ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt（）inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.問題1選項A.anyconcernwithB.anyconcernaboutC.anyconcerninD.anyconcernat7.單選題Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt，thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902)，laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”，anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian？3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestisNOTtrue?4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis（）5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?

問題1選項A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.問題2選項A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.問題3選項A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.問題4選項A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWestB.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWestC.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualrealityD.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare問題5選項A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.8.單選題()thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.問題1選項A.ItisthecommitteehasdecidedB.ItisonlythecommitteehasdecidedC.ItiswhatthecommitteehasdecidedD.Itiswhathasthecommitteedecided9.單選題Australiaisstrugglingtocopewiththeconsequencesofadevastatingdrought.Astheworldwarmsup,othercountriesshouldpay.問題1選項A.heelB.healC.heedD.head10.單選題TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepreserveddespiteagriculturaldecline.Buttheywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth,andcametobetreatedassuch.Thearistocracycametobeknowntotheurbanpopulationchieflythroughtheirrepresentationinthepopularpressandmagazinesasmenandwomenofleisure:racing,hunting,shooting,andfishinginthecountry,gamblingandattendingtheseasoninLondon.Inapopulationforwhichleisurewasbecomingincreasinglyimportant,thisdidnotmakethearistocracyunpopular.1.Inthesecondsentenceofthispassage,"hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard"meansthat______.2.The“astutemarriages”inthepassagereferstomarriagesbetween______.3.Judgingfromthecontentofthepassage,ConsueloVanderbiltwas______.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?問題1選項A.thebanksandinsurancecompanieswouldhirealordontheboardtogiveadvicetotheirmanagementB.havinglordsinvolvedinthemanagementgavethebanksorcompaniesaverygoodpublicimageC.lordsworkedforthebanksandinsurancecompaniestobringinmoreprofitsD.ithadbecomeafashiontohavealordonthemanagerialboardofabankoracompany問題2選項A.BritisharistocracyandrichAmericanentrepreneursB.oldBritisharistocraticfamiliesandnewlyknightedaristocracyofwealthC.aristocraticfamiliesandnewbusinessfamiliesofmoneyandenterprisesD.biglandlordfamiliesintheBritishcountrysideandrichAmericantycoonsofindustry問題3選項A.Male,andfromarichbusinessfamilyintheUnitedSatesB.Female,andfromaBritishwealthyfamilyofindustryC.Male,andfromarichindustrialfamilyofBritainD.Female,andfromanentrepreneurfamilyinAmerica問題4選項A.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretreatedasdecorationsinpubliclifeandwereusedtomakemoneybypress.B.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretoysoftherichcapitalistsandweremadetoearnprofitsforthem.C.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsactedasplaymatesofpeopleinpleasure-seekingsuchashunting,fishing,andshooting.D.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratswerepopularfiguresinadvertisementsbecausetheylivedaleisurelylife.11.單選題Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthenotionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’tmeanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?問題1選項A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.問題2選項A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferencesB.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproachesC.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithageD.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes問題3選項A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolderB.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreasesC.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwinsD.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople問題4選項A.cognitiveabilityB.strongheritabilityC.geneticlegacyD.challengingpastimes問題5選項A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.12.名詞解釋(1)Itisusefultorememberthathistoryistothenationasmemoryistotheindividual.Aspersonsdeprivedofmemorybecomedisorientedandlost,notknowingwheretheyhavebeenandwheretheyaregoing,soanationdeniedaconceptionofthepastwillbedisabledindealingwithitspresentanditsfuture.Historyisthebestantidotetodelusionsofomnipotenceandomniscience.(2)Selfknowledgeistheindispensablepreludetoself-control,forthenationaswellasforindividual.Historyshouldforeverremindusofthelimitsofourpassingperspectives.Itshouldstrengthenustoresistthepressuretoconvertmomentaryimpulsesintomoralabsolutes.Itshouldleadustorecognitionofthefact,sooftenandsosadlydisplayed,thatthefutureoutwitsallourcertitudesandthatthepossibilitiesofthefuturearemorevariousthanthehumanintellectisdesignedtoconceive.(3)Anationinformedbyavividunderstandingoftheironiesofhistoryisbestequippedtomanagethetragictemptationsofmilitarypower.Letusnotbullyourwaythroughlife,butletasensitivitytohistorytemperandcivilizeouruseofpower.Inthemeantime,letathousandhistoricalflowersbloom.(4)Historyisneveraclosedbookorafinalverdict.Itisforeverintheinterestsofanideology,areligion,arace,andanation.Thegreatstrengthofhistoryisitscapacityforself-correction.Thisistheendlessexcitementofhistoricalwriting:thesearchtoreconstructwhatwentbefore.(5)Anation'shistorymustbeboththeguideandthedomainnotsomuchofitshistoriansasitscitizens.ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER13.單選題Theschoolshootingtriggeredabarrageoftransparentlyirrelevantproposedsolutions,tossedoutwithoutregardtotheirrelevancetotheeventsthatsupposedly______theproposals.問題1選項A.occasionedB.concernedC.illuminatedD.ensued14.單選題Harvardiscommittedto

ongoingcommunicationandcooperationasprojectplansare______.問題1選項A.maintain,shapingB.maintaining,shapingC.maintain,shapedD.maintaining,shaped15.單選題()lastyearandisnowearninghislivingasanadvertisingagent.問題1選項A.HewouldleaveschoolB.HeleftschoolC.HehadleftschoolD.Hehasleftschool16.單選題Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.問題1選項A.thathavetoB.havetoC.havingtoD.hasto17.單選題Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”?That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”：humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors，offices,clinics，andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms，seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors，officesasthestethoscope.“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations，”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines；takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”1.WhatisWatson?2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?3.MartyKohn().4.“Anchoringbias”().5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?問題1選項A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.問題2選項A.Talkwiththepatient.B.Calculateprobability.C.Recommendtreatment.D.Processsophisticateddata.問題3選項A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconferenceB.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivisionC.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoiceD.expressedoptimismforWatson問題4選項A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors，officesB.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatsonC.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatmentsD.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation問題5選項A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.18.單選題ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.問題1選項A.increaseB.increasedC.increasedlyD.increasing19.單選題Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery（）.問題1選項A.triggerB.meagerC.vigorD.linger20.單選題Itwas（）towatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.問題1選項A.sympatheticB.patheticC.empathicD.pathic第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查詞語辨析。inspite應與of搭配；although“盡管”，連詞；while“然而，連詞；當……的時候”；despite“盡管”，介詞。空格后是名詞短語，因此前面只能是介詞。句意：年底前的研究表明，盡管2.600萬人元旦開始節食，92%的節食者在一周后就放棄了,然后回避運動并大吃安慰食品。因此選項D符合題意。

2.【答案】B3.【答案】B【解析】考查短語辨析。onone’saccount“為了某人”；onone’sbehalf“代表”；forone’spart“對某人來說”；inone’sinterest無此短語用法。句意：因為主管不能出席招待會，我代表他參加。因此B選項符合題意。

4.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。treat…with…“用……招待……”。句意：過去幾年，JimmyConnors曾向觀眾展現了他的網球球技及個性特點，在上周的美國公開賽上，他再次展現了這兩點。因此A選項符合題意。

5.【答案】A【解析】考查短語辨析。Inyearstocome“在未來的幾年中”；sincecomingyears無此表達方式；foryearstocome無此用法；overcomingyears無此用法。因此A選項符合題意。

6.【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。concernaboutsth.orsb.是固定用法，因此只有選項B符合題意。

7.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細節題。題干：下面哪一個可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因？由關鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，這三人都是傳揚西部神話的作家和藝術家，他們的作品都對西部進行了美化。因此A選項符合題意。2.細節題。題干：下面哪個陳述最能描述《弗吉尼亞人》？TheVirginian出現在第三段第一句。A選項的bestWesternmovie與原文“a1929…moive”不符合；文中沒有提到TheodoreRoosevelt與小說有關，所以排除B選項；C選項的thefrontierexperience與“thefrontiermyth”不符合，因此排除C選項。這本書成功塑造了西部神話，是最成功的關于西部的書之一，因此D選項符合題意。3.判斷推理題。題干：根據這篇文章，下列哪個關于西方神話的陳述是不正確的？選項A對應本文第一段第一句“”；B選項對應第三段第二句；C選項對應第二段第二句；最后一段提到，《弗吉尼亞人》沒有提到theextremehardship，因此D是不對的。4.主旨題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是______。全文講述了西部神話的發展歷程和成功，也說到了西部神話和西部現實之間的區別。不是介紹著名西部作家和藝術家，因此排除B選項。文章只有最后提到了部分D選項的內容，不能代表主旨。因此C選項符合題意。5.判斷推理題。題干：人們為什么要組成一個傳奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人們在西部找到了自己正在追尋的事物。在混亂的社會轉型時代，西部被認為是純粹且未受污染的伊甸園。因此C選項符合題意。8.【答案】C【解析】考查強調句型。該句強調部分是被動句的主語whatthecommitteehasdecided。句意：委員會的決定應該優先執行。因此C選項符合題意。

9.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。選項中只有heed與pay相搭配，payheed表示“注意；留心”。句意：澳大利亞正在努力應對災難性干旱的后果。隨著世界變暖，其他國家也應該注意。因此C選項符合題意。

10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:A【解析】1.語義題。題干：在這段話的第二句中，“hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagementboard”的意思是_______。通過全文可知貴族“…theywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth…”，讓他們進入商界只是為了良好的公眾形象。因此B選項符合題意。2.細節題。題干：中所說的“精明的婚姻”是指_____。文中提到，貴族涉足商業的一種方式是銀行和大企業管理層中有貴族任職，還有一種方式就是通過在美國和財富新貴結婚維持自己的財富。因此C選項符合題意。3.細節推理題。題干：從這篇文章的內容判斷，ConsueloVanderbilt是_______。根據關鍵詞定位到第三句的實例，例證貴族也會通過精明的婚姻來維持財富，結婚對象是Duke“公爵”。因此D選項符合題意。4.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪種說法是對的？文中說到，貴族是受人擺布的人，又是創造財富的工具，與A選項符合。11.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:A第4題:A第5題:A【解析】1.細節題。題干：人們對基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多數人認為，隨著年齡增長，“environmentalinfluence環境影響”將逐漸大于“geneticlegacy基因遺傳”。因此選項D符合題意。2.細節題。題干：Plomin的研究小組的目的是找出______。根據關鍵詞“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他們的目的是找出基因貢獻是否隨著年齡增長而增加。因此選項C符合題意。3.細節推理題。題干：從雙胞胎的實驗中，Plomin的團隊得出了一個結論_______。第二段最后提到了雙胞胎實驗，第三段開頭講到實驗結論“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出實驗結論就是基因影響隨著年齡的增長而增加。因此選項A符合題意。4.詞義推測題。題干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位點在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin認為G較高的孩子會利用環境培養自己的認知能力并選擇志同道合的朋友；而G較低的孩子可能會選擇不那么有挑戰的娛樂和活動，進而強化了他們的基因遺傳。可知這里說的“pattern”就是孩子們認知能力的發展。因此選項A符合題意。5.細節題。題干：下面哪個選項可能是Plomin的團隊最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的團隊認為應該進行差異化教育，對于G中低等的孩子應投入更多精力。因此選項A符合題意。12.【答案】1.Historyistoanationwhatmemoryistoaperson,sokeepitinmindishelpful.2.Self-knowledgeisanessentialpremiseforself-controlofthenationandindividual.3.Ifanationcanlearnalotfromitshistorylessons,itiswellpreparedforcontrollingtheimpulsionofresortingtoforce.4.Historyisnotconstantandinvariable.5.Thehistoryofanationisthedirectorandresearchingfieldofitscitizensratherthanitshistorians.13.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。occasion“引起，惹起”；concern“涉及；使擔心”；illuminate“闡明；照亮”；ensue“追求”。句意：學校槍擊事件引發了一連串明顯不相干的解決方案，而這些方案與引發這些方案的事件毫無關聯。選項A符合題意。

14.【答案】B【解析】考查詞語辨析。句中存在一個固定表達becommittedto+n./doing“致力于；獻身于”，因此排除A和C選項。過去分詞表示已完成，現在分詞表示正在進行。根據句意：哈佛大學致力于在項目計劃進行過程中保持交流與合作。因此B選項符合題意。

15.【答案】B【解析】考查時態問題。leftschool在前，工作在后，只說明兩個動作的先后，所以空格處應使用過去式。因此B選項符合題意。

16.【答案】C【解析】考查語法知識。空格前是一個完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個謂語動詞形式。如選擇A選項，無法確認先行詞會造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項。C選項的havingto是以現在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個社會為了跟上機器而發展得太快。因此C選項符合題意。

17.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.細節題。題干：Waston是什么？由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能幫助醫生和病人的智能電腦。因此選項C符合題意。2.細節題。題干：以下哪項超出了Watsoif的能力？由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D選項。根據第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B選項。因此選項A符合題意。3.細節題。題干：MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A選項的academicconference與原文不符合，演講是在一次非正式亮相的聚會上進行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”，而不是IBM培訓部的人，所以排除B選項。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小，是對比出的效果，排除C選項。因此D選項符合題意。4.細節推理題。題干：“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”，“humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”，倒數第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”，可知Waston不太容易出現這類錯誤。因此選項B符合題意。5.主旨大意題。題干：下面哪個可能是這篇文章最好的標題？本文主要講述了Waston是什么以及它在醫學領域的應用。因此選項A符合題意。18.【答案】D【解析】考查語法知識。空格前是their形容詞性物主代詞，后是名詞pessimism悲觀主義，所以空格處應填形容詞，可排除A和C。increased“增強的”；increasing“越來越也多的，漸增的”。句意：周二，科學家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時鐘”撥快了一分鐘，比去年提前了一分鐘，這表明他們對世界領導人應對全球威脅的努力持……悲觀態度。B選項強調“已經增強的”，綜合句意D選項更符合。

19.【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析。trigger誘發meager貧瘠的vigor精力linger消磨，徘徊。句意：盡管他付出了巨大努力，但是結果卻不令人滿意(收獲很小)答案B。while表轉折，可知前后形成對比。20.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sympathetic“同情的；贊同的”；pathetic“可憐的；感傷的”；empathic“移情作用的”；pathic“消極的；病態的”。句意：看著她的病情一天天惡化真的令人……。因此B選項符合題意。

第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo（

）fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.問題1選項A.scarceB.scaryC.scaredD.scarred2.名詞解釋Theyearof2009willbringanavalancheofbooks,lectures,televisionprogramsandarticlesonCharlesDarwin.(1)Itis200yearssincehewasbomand150yearssincehewaspushedtopublishhisontheOriginofSpeciesearlierthanheintendedbythearrivalofaletterfromAlfredRusselWallace,thenaturalistwho,independently,hadthesametheoryofnaturalselectionthatDarwinhadsupposedallhisown.SinceDarwinwasn’taloneinthinkingupthetheoryofnaturalselectionorinassemblingevidenceinsupportofevolution,arewerighttomakesuchasonganddanceofhisanniversary?Theshortansweris“yes”.(2)theOriginofSpeciesisthemostimportantbiologybookyetwrittenandDarwinhasdoneasmuchasanyone,includingCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud,tochangehowweseeourselves.WhydoesDarwinianworldviewmattersmorethanever?Aboveall,Darwindecentershumanity.InthishecompletestheworkthatCopernicusandGalileobegan.WearenotthecentreoftheUniverse.TheUniverseexistedlongbeforewecameonthescene.(3)Thisdecenteringdoesnot,ofcourse,meanthatwematteranytheless.Rather,ithelpsustoappreciatethatwedonotsi