漢譯英理論與實踐教程

程永生著練習參考答案說明此次更新，為全部?漢譯英理論與實踐練習及參考答案?制作了課件，但考慮到網絡空間，此處僅提供樣品。目錄第一章漢語詞語英譯

第二章

現代漢語句子英譯第三章

現代漢語段落英譯第四章漢語四大古典小說名著選段英譯

第一章

漢語詞語英譯第一節漢語詞語與詞語翻譯機制第二節漢語成語與熟語英譯第三節漢語人名地名英譯第四節

漢語職官體系名稱與職官名稱英譯第五節漢語中帶數字的詞語英譯第六節漢語天文、歷法與節氣方面的詞語英譯第七節

現代漢語時新詞語英譯

第一章

漢語詞語英譯

第一節漢語詞語與詞語翻譯機制第二節漢語成語與熟語英譯第三節漢語人名地名英譯第四節

漢語職官體系名稱與職官名稱英譯第五節漢語中帶數字的詞語英譯第六節漢語天文、歷法與節氣方面的詞語英譯第七節現代漢語時新詞語英譯第一節

漢語詞語與詞語

翻譯機制AnswerstoQuestions1—5AnswertoQuestion1TheChineselexicalitemsmainlyconsistofwordsandphrases,includingidioms,setphrases,proverbs,allegoricalsayingsandsoon.Chineselexicalitemscanbedividedintermsofpartsofspeech,functionandsoon.Intermsofpartsofspeech,Chineselexicalitems,especiallywords,canbedividedintonouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,interjections,etc.Intermsoffunction,Chineselexicalitemscanfallintoordinarywords,properwords,technicalterms,andsoon,aswellassayings,includingidioms,setphrases,proverbs,allegoricalsayings,etc.AnswertoQuestion2ActuallyanyunitofaChinesetextcanserveasthebearerofChinesecultureandconstitutespartoftheChineseculture,butChineselexicalitems,inasense,embodytheChineseculturemoretypicallythanothers,atleastseeminglymoretypically.Forexample,foryears,wehaveintroducedEnglishsentencepatternsintotheChineselanguagesothatwhenwesay“如果你不來，我們就不給你留位子了〞，wecannotsayforsurethatitisatypicalChinesesentencefreefromanyEnglishinfluence,AnswertoQuestion2(continued)fortheEnglishtranslationwouldbe,tosomeextent,structurallyaChineseequivalent:Ifyoudonotcome,wewillnotkeeptheseatforyou.Suchsententialsimilaritiescanbeeasilylocatedinbothlanguages.However,whenitcomestoaChinesepersonalname,aChineseplacename,anameforaChineseutensil,anameforaChinesearchitecture,aChineseidiom,aChinesesetphrase,aChineseproverb,

AnswertoQuestion2(continued)aChineseallegoricalsayingandsoon,suchsimilaritiescanhardlyreadilybefound,andalltheseitemscannotbefullyunderstoodwithoutreferringtotheChineseculture.Forexample,whenwesay四合院，itwillconjuresupapicturedifferentfromanEnglishflat.Intermsofvalue,indeSaussre〞ssense,theChinese叔叔isnotworthasmuchastheEnglishuncle.AnswertoQuestion3FortranslationoflexicalitemsfromChineseintoEnglish,therearesuchmechanismsassoundtranslation,meaningtranslation,sound-meaningtranslationandsoon.Occasionally,peopleaddnotestothetranslationofChineselexicalitemsorstretchthetranslationtoaprolongedlengthtoincludetheculturalorsocialmeaningofaparticularChineselexicalitem.However,nomatterbywhatmechanism,wecannotalways,ifwecanonsomeoccasions,revivethemeaningoftheoriginalcompletely.AnswertoQuestion3(continued)Thereasonperhapsisthatbehindthelexicalitemsofalanguage,therestandthetextualgridofthatlanguageandculturalgridorthesocialgridrelevanttothelanguage,inBassenett’sterms.IndeSaussure’sterm,thevalueofawordisdeterminedbythevalueofrelevantwordsinthesamesemanticfield.IntranslationofChineselexicalitemsintoEnglish,wecannottranslatethetextual,culturalorsocialgridoreventhesemanticfieldrelevanttothelexicalitems,AnswertoQuestion3(continued)thoughwecanbyothermeansintroducesomeideasofthegridorthesemanticfield.Asforwhichofthemechanismstochoose,itmuchdependsontheinclinationofthetranslator,thoughonthetranslationsituationaswell.TakethetranslationofthepersonalnamesofADreamofRedMansionsforexample.Someusepinyinwhileothersturntomeaningtranslationandstillothersturntoacombinationofpinyinandmeaningtranslation.AndthepinyinuserscanbedividedintothosewhousethepinyinthatcanbewitnessedinputonghuaandthosewhousethecodesystemofWebster.AnswertoQuestion3(continued)Notethatintheabovediscussion,weusedsoundtranslationinsteadoftransliteration,asoftenusedbysomeChinesetranslationtheoreticians,becausewebelievethattransliterationliterallymeansletterforlettertranslationanditisoften,ifnotalways,employedbyWesterntheoreticianaccordingly.AnswertoQuestion4

Foruniversitystudents,translationmainlymeansrenderingtheoriginalintothetargetbychoosingproperlexicalitemsandpropersentencepatterns.Generallyspeaking,theyarenotexpectedtotransplanttheseedaswedointranslationofaChinesepoemintoEnglishortheotherwayround,noraretheyexpectedtodoanythingmoresophisticatedthantotranslateapassageofprose,realorfictional.ItisinthissensethatwesaythattranslationoflexicalitemsfromChineseintoEnglishisademandingtaskforuniversitystudents.Forothers,however,thestatementmaynotapply.

AnswertoQuestion4(continued)

Anotheraccountforthestatementmaylieinthefactthatlexicalitemsareextremelycloselyrelatedtothedifferencesofthetwoculturesthattakethetwolanguagesastheircodesystems,aswasdiscussedintheaboveanswer.

AnswertoQuestion5

Wefirmlybelievethatitistheinherentdefectoftranslation.Taketranslationofthethreenamesof賈寶玉、林黛玉、薛寶釵forexample.DuetothefactthatChineseandEnglisharetotallydifferentlanguagesthattransliterationcannotapplyinthiscase,thenormalpracticefortranslationofthethreenamesisbypinyin.However,intheformofChinesecharacter,JiaBaoyumaybeconsideredasacrosscousinofLinDaiyuontheonehandandacrosscousinofXueBaochaiontheother.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)Also,theChinesecharacter黛tellstheChinesereaderthatLinDaiyumayprobablybeafemaleandtheChinesecharacter釵alsotellstheChinesereaderthatXueBaochaimayprobablybeanotherfemale.AndBaoyuishonorificreferenceofastone,usuallyusedtonamemales.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)IntheChinesecultureofthetime,crosscousinsofdefferentsexescanfallinlovewithoneanotherandgetmarried.HencethethreenamessoexpressedinChinesecharactersmayprobablysuggestthatthethreepersonssonamedmayinvolveinatriangularlove,whichusuallyendsintragedy.However,whenspeltoutbypinyin,suchimpliedmeaningswillcompletelybelost,especiallytoreadersofanotherlanguage,fortheyaregenerallyspeakingstrangerstotheChineseculture.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)Nowadaystranslationisoftendiscussedinrelationtocreativetreason,wewouldliketopushtheideaalittlefurtherbysayingthattranslationbynatureisabusinessofcreativetreason,formoreoftenthannot,weastranslatorshavetobetrayboththeauthorandtheoriginaltext,atleastasfarastheformalstructureisconcerned.第二節漢語熟語英譯1成語2典故3俗語4諺語5歇后語1

漢語成語英譯

安居樂業liveinpeaceandworkincontentment;liveandworksatisfactorily奔走相告rushabouttotellthenewstoeachother;runningaroundtospreadthenews不務正業notengagedintherightbusiness;notengagedinone’sownbusiness叱咤風云commandwindandcloud;extremelypowerfulorinfluential大相徑庭sodifferentasafootpathisdifferentfromacourtyard;soworldapartastodefyreason;totallydifferent2漢語典故英譯杯弓蛇影sosuspiciousastotakeareflectedbowinthedrinkingcupasasnake;extremelysuspiciousNote:Legendhasitthatonceapersonwasinvitedtodineinanother’shome.Abowwashungonthewallandtheguesttookthereflectionofthebowinhisdrinkingcupasasnake.Backhome,hethoughtthathehadimbibedthevenomandfellill.Theallusionnowappliestogroundlesssuspicion.漢語典故英譯〔續〕滄海橫流homelessorvagrantNote:Traditionhasitthattoavoidwars,WangNiwenttoJiangxia.Hethenfeltthatwanderingaboutwithhissoninacart,hewasahomelessvagrant.漢語典故英譯〔續〕長風破浪tobreakatenthousandliwavebyridingonalongwind;ambitious

Note:TraditionhasitthatwhenZongQuewasyoung,hisuncleaskedhimabouthisambitions.Herepliedthathewouldliketorideonalongwindtobreakawaveoftenthousandli.Theallusionnowappliestothedescriptionofgreatambitions.漢語典故英譯〔續〕沉魚落雁(ofalady)sobeautifulthatonseeingher,thefishfeelsinferiorinbeautyastodiveintodeepwaterandthecranefeelsinferiorinbeautyastoflyhighintothesky;stunninglybeautifulNote:OnceZhuangzisaidinabookthatMaoQiangandLiJiweresobeautifulastomakefishandbirdsfeelashamedoftheirowninferiorityinbeautybyeitherdivingintodeepwateroralightinghighintothesky.Theallusionnowappliestothedescriptionofthestunningbeauty.漢語典故英譯〔續〕董宣強項theneck-unbendingDongXuan;stubbornasDongXuan;unyielding;unbendingNote:Asrecordedinhistory,DongXuanwasappointedMagistrateofLuoyang.Onhispost,onceaservantofaprincesskilledaninnocent.DongXuan,anofficialofjusticewhowashandlingthecase,couldnotgointotheprincess’smansiontoarrestthecriminalbuthadtowaitforthemantocomeout.Oncethemanwentoutwiththeprincess,DongXuancaughthimandkilledhimonthestreet.Inthisway,heoffendedtheprincess,whoreportedtheincidenttotheemperor.ThentheemperoraskedDongXuantomakeapologytotheprincess.Believingthathedidnothongwrong,DongXuanrefusedtoyieldtotheimperialpower.ThentheemperororderedtheguardstopresshimontothegroundbutDongXuanmanagednottobendhisneck.Nowtheallusionisusedtodescribeanuprightpersonorofficial.3漢語俗語英譯

按倒葫蘆起來瓢whilethegourdispresseddown,thegourdladlefloatsup;whileoneproblemisresolved,anothercomesup把吃奶的勁都使出來了useupallthestrengthincludingthestrengthheusedtosuckmilkfromhismother’sbreasts;exhaustallthestrength百聞不如一見onehundredhearingisnotasgoodasasingleseeing;bettertoseethantohear;seeingisbelieving搬起石頭砸自己的腳liftarockonlytodropitonone’sowntoes;maketroubleforothersbutitturnsoutthatonlythemakeristroubled漢語俗語英譯〔續〕病急亂投醫pressedbyillness,onemightgotoanydoctorblindly;indifficulty,onemightturntoanyonewhoseabilitytohelpheisn’tsure病來如山倒，病去如抽絲whenill,thesickpersonwouldbreakdownlikeamountaincollapsing;intherecovering,hemayhavetobepatientinexpectingtherestorationtohisformerhealth;illnesscomessuddenlybutrecoveryprogressesveryslowly

4漢語諺語英譯

年怕中秋，月怕十五ayearisafraidoftheMid-AutumnFestival,amonthisafraidofthefifteenthday;ayearwillendsoonwhenitreachestheMid-AutumnFestival,amonthwillendsoonwhenitreachesthefifteenthday;ayearinautumnwillsooncometoanendandamonthinthemiddlewillendsoon漢語諺語英譯〔續〕一年之計在于春，一日之計在于寅thewholeyeardependsonagoodstartinspringandthedaydependsonagoodstartinthehourofyin;agoodbeginningishalfthesuccessNote:Yin,theChinesehourfrom3to5a.m.intheinternationalsystem,theearliesthourontheancientChineseclock.漢語諺語英譯〔續〕春前有雨花開早，秋后無雨葉落遲withrainsbeforetheBeginningofSpring,flowerswillbeinblossomearlier;withoutrainsaftertheBeginningofAutumn,leaveswillfalllater;it’sbettertohaverainsbeforetheBeginningofSpringbutnotaftertheBeginningofAutumn春天不忙，秋天無糧withoutbeingbusylaboringinspring,don’texpecttoharvestinautumn;toilinginspringmeansabumperharvestinautumn

漢語諺語英譯〔續〕麥要好種，稻要好秧wheatdependsongoodseeds,ricedependsongoodseedlings;goodseeds,goodharvestinwheat;goodseedlings,goodharvestinrice;successnecessitatesagoodbeginning十年樹木，百年樹人ittakestenyearsforatreetogrowupbutittakesahundredyearsforamantomature;ittakesalongertimetocultivateamanthantogrowatree;cultivationofamantakesalotoftime;itisverydifficulttocultivateaman

5漢語歇后語英譯5猴子爬竹竿——上竄下跳amonkeyclimbingupabamboopost——byjumpingupanddown；likeamonkeyclimbingupabamboopost,theyrunaroundtostiruptroubles

漢語歇后語英譯〔續〕董卓進京——不懷好意DongZhuomovinghisarmedforcesintothecapital——anill-intentionedact;likeDongZhuomovinghisarmedforcesintothecapital,itisanill-intentionedactNote:ByendoftheEasternHanDynasty,DongZhuowascalledbyHeJintoleadhisarmedforcestothecapitalandhelphimtoeliminatealltheeunuchs.However,DongZhuo’sintentionwastotakeovertheimperialpower.漢語歇后語英譯〔續〕劉備摔阿斗——收買人心LiuBeithrowingAdouontotheground——tobuypeople’sheartsortobuypopularsupport;likeLiuBeithrowingAdouontotheground,itisanacttowinpopularsupportNote:LiuBei,kingofShu,wasonceutterlydefeatedbyCaoCao,dukeofWei,andhadhiswifekilled.However,hisgeneralZhaoYunwenttohissonAdou’srescueandcarriedthebabyback.ZhaoYundidthisattheriskofhisownlife.WhenAdouwasdeliveredtoLiuBei,hethrewthebabyontotheground,sayingthattherescueofthebabyendangeredZhaoYun’slife,alifewithmoreworththanAdou’s.Thisactofhisisusuallyregardedasanactofdeceivingthepopulaceintosupporting漢語歇后語英譯〔續〕王八照相——龜〔鬼〕頭龜〔鬼〕腦awangba,anothernamefortortoise,hasitspicturetaken——apictureofthetortoisefromheadtofoot,thatis,thepictureofathief;likeatortoisehavingitspicturetaken,itlooksathieffromheadtofootNote:TheChinesecharactersgui,meaningdevil,andgui,meaningatortoise,arehomophones.漢語歇后語英譯〔續〕皇甫訥扮伍子婿——蒙混過關HuangfuNewasdressedupasWuZixu——togetbyunderfalsepretences;likeHuangfuNedressedupasWuZixu,thepurposeistogetbyunderpretencesNote:XuYun,styledZixu,waswantedbythekingofChu.Forthisreason,thegeneralwasrunningawaytoanotherstatebutcouldnotmanagetogetbytheZhaoguanPass.ThenhisfriendsDonggaoGongthoughtoutawayforhimbyaskingHuangfuNetobedressedasWuZixuandtobecaughtbythesoldiersatthepasssothatWuZixucouldgetthroughthepassbytakingtheadvantageofthechaoticsituationHuangfuNe’sprotectiongaveriseto.第三節漢語人名地名英譯練習1——5

Thestorycanbetracedbacktothetwobrothers,DukeNingandDukeRong,withDukeNingbeingtheelderandDukeRongbeingtheyounger.DukeNinghadfoursonsborn.UponDukeNing’sdeath,hissonJiaDaihuasucceededhimontheofficialposition.JiaDaihuahadtwosons,JiaFu,theelder,andJiaJing,theyounger.JiaFudiedattheageofaround8or9andJiaJingsucceededhisfatherontheofficialpost.…ItwasluckyforJiaJingtohaveasonearly,namedJiaZhen,…andJiaZhenhasgotasoncalledJiaRong,just16yearsoldnow.

UponthedeathofDukeRong,JiaDaishan,theelderson,succeededhimontheofficialpostandmarriedMissShi,adaughterofMarsquisShiinJinling.Theyhadtwosons,withJiaShebeingtheelderandJiaZhengbeingtheyounger.JiaDaishandiedyearsagowhileLadyJia,theGranny,isstillenjoyingherhealth.…LadyWang,JiaZheng’swifefirstgavebirthtoason,namedJiaZhu.…Shethengavebirthtoadaughter,unexpectedlyontheChineseNewYear’sDay.Shethengavebirthtoanotherson,whomoresurprisinglyhadbroughtinthemouthtotheworldupinhisbirthacolorfulglitteringjadewithsomeinscriptionson.Andso,theynamedthesonBaoyu,meaningthepreciousjade.

Intheprocessofearthmaking,theSoutheastChinawassettingin,withthisaplacecalledGusuwasmade.TheCityofGusuhadagatecalledGateChang,aplacefamousfortalentsandbeauties,mostromanticthough.OutsideGateChang,therewasaplacecalledtheTenMileStreet,withRenqingPassagewaylocatedin.Inthatpassageway,therewasanancienttemplecalledtheGourdTemple.練習2SongJiang,theFidelityLuJunyi,theKylinWuYong,theWiseGongsunSheng,theDragoninCloudsGuanSheng,theBroadKnifeLinChong,theLeopardHeadQinMing,theThunderboltFireHuyanZhuo,theTwoWhipsHuaRong,thePresentDayLiGuang練習2(continued)ChaiJin,theWhirlwindLiYing,theSky-ShootingVultureZhuTong,theBeautifulBeardLuZhishen,theMonkWuSong,theBuddhistMonkDongPing,theTwo-SpearGeneralZhangQing,theExcellentArrow-ShooterYangZhi,theGreen-FacedBeastXuNing,theGoldSpear練習2(continued)SuoChao,thePioneerZaiZong,theFlyingTravelerLiuTang,theRed-HairedDevilLiKui,theBlackWhirlwindShiJin,theNineDragonMuHong,theUnobstructableLeiHeng,theWingedTigerLiJun,theRiverDragonRuanXiao’er,theMasterScoundrelZhangHeng,theBoatman練習2(continued)RuanXiaowu,theShort-LivedSecondBrotherZhangShun,theWhiteBodyinWavesRuanXiaoqi,theLivingKingofHellYangXiong,theSickGuanSuoShiXiu,theExertingThirdBrotherXieZhen,theDouble-HeadedSnakeXieBao,theDouble-TailedGescoYanQing,theVagrant練習3

ShenGang,theHeavenLiftingGodfromFuzhouPanWende,theChessPlayingGodfromShezhouYingMing,theEscapingGodfromMuzhouXuTong,theSix-DingGodfromMingzhouZhangJinren,theThunderboltGodfromYuezhouShenZe,theGiantDeityfromHangzhouZhaoYi,theMorningStarfromHuzhou練習3(continued)GaoKeli,theMasterGodfromXuanzhouFanChou,theGuestSuspendingGodfromChangzhouZhuoWanli,theYellowStreamerGodfromRunzhouHeTong,theLeopard-TailedGodfromJiangzhouShenBian,theBad-LuckBringingGodfromSuzhouThestorygoestoZhangJiao,wholedarebelliousarmytoinvadeYouzhou.ThegovernorandconcurrentlythecommanderofthelocalforceswasLiuYan,anativeofJinglingofJiangxiaandadescendentofKingGongoftheKingdomLuoftheHanDynasty.

Runningoutofthecity,CaoCaohurrieddesperatelytoQiaojunbywayofZhongmouCounty,wherehewascapturedbythegarrisonforcesandbroughttothemagistrate.

ThestorygoestoGongsunZan,governorofBeipingandcommanderofthelocalforces,wholedanarmyof15thousandstojointhealliedforcesbywayofPingyuanCountyofDezhou.Ontheway,hesawfromthedistancethroughthemulberrywoodsayellowflagprogressingfollowedbyanewcavalrymen.

ThankstoPanGu’screationandthroughthereignsoftheThreeWiseKingsandFiveAugustEmperors,theworldisthendividedintofourcontinents:theDongshengContinentintheeast,theNiuheContinentinthewest,theZhanbuContinentinthesouthandtheJuluContinentinthenorth.ThepresentstoryisabouttheeventstheDongshengContinentwitnessed.OutsideChina,thereisalandcalledAolaiCountrybythesea,inwhichthereisafamousmountknownastheFlowerandFruitMount.Themount,fromwhich10continentsand3islandsweredescended,wascreatedwhentheprimevalatmosphereofnaturewasdividedintotheclearpartandtheconfusingpart.

Afterlookingforsometime,theStoneMonkeyjumpedoverthebridgeandlookedrightandleft,seeingastonetabletrightinfrontofhim,onwhichtherewasalineofcarvedcharacterswritteninthestandardform,whichread:“TheFlowerandFruitMount,aplaceoffortune;theWater-FallingCave,acaveofheaven.〞OutsidetheCityofChang’an,bytheriverofJinghe,therelivedtwoworthies.OnewascalledZhangShao,afisherman;theotherwasknownasLiDing,awoodman第四節

漢語職官體系名稱與職官名稱英譯

1中共中央機構名稱英譯2全國政協機構名稱英譯

1中共中央機構名稱英譯

CentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CCCPC)CentralCommissionforDisciplineInspectionoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralMilitaryCommissionoftheCommunistPartyofChinaPoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(PoliticalBureauofCCCPC)StandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauofCCCPCSecretariatoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(SecretariatofCCCPC)1中共中央機構名稱英譯〔續〕OrganizationDepartmentofCCCPC;PublicityDepartmentofCCCPC;UnitedFrontWorkDepartmentofCCCPC;InternationalLiaisonDepartmentofCCCPC;GeneralOfficeofCCCPCStateOrgansWorkCommitteeofCCCPC;WorkCommitteeforOfficesDirectlyUnderCCCPC;CommitteeofPoliticalandLegislativeAffairsofCCCPC;CommitteeforComprehensiveImprovementofSocialSecurityofCCCPC1中共中央機構名稱英譯〔續〕PartySchoolofCCCPC;HeadquartersofPeople’sDaily;PartyHistoryResearchCenterofCCCPC;PartyLiteratureResearchCenterofCCCPC;CompilationandTranslationBureauofCCCPC1中共中央機構名稱英譯〔續〕PolicyResearchOfficeofCCCPC;TaiwanAffairsOfficeofCCCPC;InternationalCommunicationOfficeofCCCPC;ForeignAffairsOfficeofCCCPC;SecretProtectionCommitteeofCPC;GuardsBureauofCPC2全國政協機構名稱英譯

NationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceStandingCommitteeoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceGeneralOfficeofCPPCCSpecialCommittees全國政協機構名稱英譯〔續〕CommitteeforHandlingProposalsCommitteeforEconomicAffairsCommitteeforPopulation,ResourcesandEnvironmentCommitteeforEducation,Science,Culture,HealthandSportsCommitteeforSocialandLegalAffairsCommitteeforEthnicandReligiousAffairsCommitteeforCulturalandHistoricalDataCommitteeforLiaisonwithHongKong,Macao,TaiwanandOverseasChineseCommitteeofForeignAffairs第五節漢語帶數字的詞語英譯練習1—3練習1一枕黃粱aGoldMilletDream,adreaminwhichthedreamerdreamtthathebecameahighofficialandenjoyedalltheofficiallifepleasurebutawoketotherealitythathesleptbythetreeonamilletpillar;adaydream;daydreaming練習1〔續〕兩肋插刀tuckingknivesunderbotharms;riskingone’slifeinhelpingone’sfriendoutofdifficulty;helpingone’sfriendattheriskofone’sownlife三媒六證(ofamarriage)withthreematch-makersandsixwitnessesonspot;amarriagewithmorethanenoughmatch-makersaswitness;amarriageconductedinamorethanproperprocedure練習1〔續〕四分五裂splittingintofourorfives;fallingintopieces五行八作fiveprofessionsandeighttrades;alltradesandprofessions練習2

Plan863,aplandevelopedinresponsetotheproposalputforwardbyfourfamousChinesescientistsonMarch3,1986todevelophightechnologyinChinaProject361,aconstructiongoalforacity,consistingofconstructionof3industrialbases,6backboneindustriesandaneconomicdevelopmentzonePlan861,aneconomicdevelopmentplanforaprovince,consistingofconstructionof8industrialbases,6backboneindustriesandbytheendof2010,theaverageincomeofapersonreaching1000USdollars練習2〔續〕The12345OutlineoftheWorkoftheYear,aworkingplanfortheyearof2004ofthePoliticalConsultativeConferenceofamunicipality,namely,oneconstruction,thatis,theconstructionoftheofficeworkingmechanisms,conductingtwohearingconferences,organizinginspectionsinthreeaspects,preparing4keyproposalsandcollectingpeople’sopinionsandsuggestionsinfiveareas練習3Ataconferenceheldinalocality,alltheleaderspresenteachmadeanimportantspeech.Nowletusquotesomeoftheirspeechesasfollows:LeaderA:“Iwouldliketoaddressonfourissues.Firstofall,weshouldcometotherealizationoffourimportantissues,focusourattentiononawarenessoffouraspectsandrenewconceptsinfourareas.Second,weshouldgraspfourfocusedpoints,reinforcefourcombinationsandstriveforfourbreakthroughs.Thirdly,weshouldperfectfourmechanisms,constructfourhighlightedspotsandattainfourgoals.Fourthly,…〞練習3〔續〕LeaderB:“Iwouldliketostressthreemusts.First,wemustcheckcarefullyatthreepointsintheprocessandbestrictintermsofthreedisciplines.Second,wemustselectthreepointstolayourstressonandbuildthreeplatforms.Thirdly,wemusteliminatethreeoutdatedcustomsandrenewthreemechanisms.〞LeaderC:“Iwouldliketoaddthreeadvices.First,itisnecessarytograspthreekeyissuesandgraspthemagain,againandagainforthreetimes.Second,itisnecessarytocarryoutthreenecessitiesandreachthreenewaltitudes.Thirdly,itisnecessarytostrengthenthreeapproachesandintensifythreedynamics.〞練習3〔續〕LeaderD:“Iwouldliketoreiteratetwoideas.First,effortsshouldbedevotedtoresisttwoenticesandovercometwofears.Second,inimplementationofthespiritsofthisconference,twoimplementationsshouldbedonetothefull.…〞第六節漢語天文、歷法和節氣方面的詞語英譯練習1—5練習1

Andromeda,Aquila,Capricornus,Columba,Delphinus,Draco,Gemini,Leo,Taurus,UrsaMajor練習2Venus,Jupiter,Mercury,Mars,Saturn,Earth,Uranus,Neptune,Pluto練習3SpringFestival;LanternFestival;PureBrightness;DragonBoatFestival;Mid-AutumnFestival;DoubleNinthFestival;Father’sDay;Mother’sDay;InternationalLaborDay(MayDay);InternationalWomen’sDay;Teachers’Day練習4

Dubhe,Merak,Phecda,Megrez,Alioth,Mizar,Alkaid練習5清明斷雪，谷雨斷霜ItmaynotstopsnowinguntilPureBrightness,itmaynotstopfrostinguntilGrainRain.PureBrightnessseesnosnowingwhileGrainRainseesnofrosting.清明要晴，立夏要下OnPureBrightness,it’sbettertobebright;onBeginningofSummer,it’sbettertorain.It’sbetterforPureBrightnesstobebrightandforBeginningofSummertoberaining.It’sbetterbrightforPureBright,andrainingforSummerBeginning練習5〔續〕正月二十晴，果木樹上掛油瓶；正月二十陰，陰陰暗暗到清明TheChineseJanuary20thbeingabrightdaypromisesabumperfruitharvestwhileitbeingacloudydaypromisesconsecutivecloudydaysuntilPureBrightness.January20thbright,fruithangingfromtreesallright;January20thcloudy,cloudyallthewaytillPureBright.云掩中秋月，雨落上元燈WhenthemoonisbehindcloudsonMid-AutumnFestival,itwillrainonLanternFestival.ThemoonbehindcloudsonMid-AutumnpromisesrainonFestivalLantern練習5〔續〕立夏要下，小滿要滿It’sbettertorainonBeginningofSummerandhavepools