第一部分基礎考點聚焦必修3話題：個人情況【詞匯積累】1.career職業2．income收入3．favourite最喜歡的人/物4．position崗位5．personality個性；性格6．experience經歷7．talent聰明的8．excellent優秀的9．creative富有創造力的10．self-confident自信的11．good-tempered性格好的12．well-educated受到良好教育的13．open-minded思想開放的14．applyfor申請15．graduatefrom畢業于……16．showinterestin對……表現出興趣17．beexperiencedin在……方面有經驗18．beadmittedintoakeyuniversity

考上重點大學【佳句背誦】1.IwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedinChina

DailyofApril2nd.我寫這封信的目的是申請你刊登在4月2日《中國日報》上的那個工作崗位。2．IfeelthatIamfitforitverymuchforbothmyeducationandexperience.鑒于我的教育和經驗，我感覺非常適合它(這份工作)。3．Sheistallandslimwithbigbrighteyesandblackhair.她個子高挑,身材苗條,有一雙大而明亮的眼睛和一頭黑發。【寫作模板】求職信DearSir/Madam，

IlearnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanyneedsanEnglishsecretary.I’mreallyinterestedinthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.I’m20yearsoldandwillbegraduatingfromXinxingForeignLanguageSchoolthisJuly.I’manexcellentstudent，amongthetop5inmyclassof50students.HavinglearnedEnglishforyears,IhaveagoodcommandofspokenandwrittenEnglish,aswellascomputer.Ihavebeenoneoftheeditorsofthenewspaperofourschoolforthepastfewyears.Inmysparetime,Ireadalot,especiallypoems.Ienjoymusicverymuchtoo.Beinganactiveyoungperson,Ilikesportsandoutdooractivities.Besides,I’measytogetalongwithandIliketomakefriends.ThemostimportantthingisthatIlikeofficeworkverymuch.I’msureIcandoitwell.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Sincerelyyours，LiHua1．____________n．善良2．____________n.秩序3．____________n.原則；準則4．____________n.職位5．____________vt.

強調6．____________vi.

辭職7．____________n.公正8．____________adj.

柔軟的kindnessorderprinciplepositionstressresignjusticesoft9．____________n.范疇；種類10．____________n.自由11．____________n.狀況；條件；環境12．____________adj.

平等的equalityn.平等13．____________n.重要；重要性importantadj.

重要的categoryfreedomconditionequalimportance14．____________n.貢獻contributev.貢獻；捐獻15．____________vt.

發明

inventorn.發明家16．____________n.爭論；辯論；議論arguev.爭論，議論contributioninventargument1．________________與……交戰2．________________養育；撫養3．___________________對……感興趣4．________________為……自豪5．________________總之6．________________第一次beatwarwithbringupbecomeinterestedinbeproudofinconclusionforthefirsttime1．Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。[解讀]

theway＋(inwhich/that)定語從句[仿寫]

她羨慕我回答問題的方式。Sheadmired_________________________________________.thewaythat/inwhichIansweredthequestions2．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子相信人類區別于動物的原因就是天生善良。[解讀]

thereasonwhy...isthat...是一個固定句式，意為“……的原因是……”。[仿寫]

我沒有參加宴會的原因是我太忙了。Thereason__________________________________Iwastoo

busy.whyIdidn’tattendthepartywasthat3．Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcentury，andwerenofasterthanahorse.汽車于19世紀末首次使用，當時并不比馬快。[解讀]

no＋比較級＋than表示：并不比……多少/兩者都不……。[仿寫]

這本小說并不比那本有趣多少。Thisnovelis__________________________thatone.nomoreinterestingthan限制性定語從句；介詞＋which/whom引導的定語從句1．(2014·濟南市名校第四次診斷性測試)Incountries________manydifferentlanguagesarespoken，Englishisoftenusedasanofficiallanguagetohelppeoplecommunicate.A．where

B．when

C．why

D．which解析：考查定語從句。句意：在一些說多種語言的國家里，英語經常作為官方語言來幫助人們交流。關系副詞where在此引導定語從句，修飾先行詞countries。A2．(2014·郴州市高三第三次質檢)Wenowhaveabighouse________wecouldnothavedreamedyearsago.A．inwhich B．ofwhichC．where D．that解析：考查定語從句。句意:我們現在擁有了多年前都不敢夢想的大房子。dreamof意為“夢想”,此處用關系代詞which代指先行詞abighouse,作dreamof的賓語，故B項正確。B3．(2014·沈陽模擬)InWesternculture,21wastheage________youngpeopletraditionallyreceivedakeytotheirparents’door，asasymbolofenteringadulthood.A．inwhich B．onwhichC．atwhich D．towhich解析：本句中的先行詞是theage，先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，即attheageof21，所以選C項。C4．Safetyinschoolhasbeenofgreatconcernbecauseoffrequentreportsaboutaccidents________studentsgotinjuredorkilledwhileinschoolin2013.A．that B．whenC．inwhich D．forwhich解析：考查定語從句的關系詞。此處accident為先行詞，其在定語從句中作狀語，相當于intheaccident。C5．Itwasinthelab________wastakenchargeofbyProfessorZhang________theydidtheexperiment.A．where；that B．which；whereC．that；where D．which；that解析：考查強調句型及定語從句的連接詞。第一空為定語從句，thelab是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故用which；第二空是強調句型中的that。D1.equal

v．等于，與……相等；比得上adj.相等的；勝任的n．同等的人或物(教材P41)Allhumanbeingsareequal.所有的人都是平等的。(1)equal＋sb./sth.(in＋n.)

(在……方面)比得上,與……匹敵;與……相等(2)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；能勝任(3)without(an)equal無人可比的(4)equallyadv.

同樣地；相等地①(2013·高考福建卷·閱讀理解)Itisatruthfinallyanduniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglewomanwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiestomen，howeverdisadvantagedshemayfeelbysexism.這是一個被公認的真理：一個有頭腦的女人應該有與男人平等的機會，盡管她感覺到性別上的劣勢。②Nooneequalshiminstrength.論力氣，無人能和他相比。③(朗文辭典)I’mnotsurehe________________thejob.我不確定他是否能勝任這份工作。④YaoMingisabasketballplayer________________in

China.在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球隊員。isequalto/equalswithoutequal2.order

n．次序，順序；秩序；整齊；命令；訂購；點飯(菜)vt.命令；訂購；安排(教材P43)Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.他強調仁愛、責任和秩序在社會中的重要性。(1)inorderof以……的順序inorder井然有序；適宜的outoforder紊亂的；出故障的placeanorderforsth.with(sb.)

和(某人)訂購某物(2)ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事orderthat...(should)＋動詞原形

命令……ordersb.sth.＝ordersth.forsb.

為某人訂購……

①(2013·高考北京卷·閱讀理解)Ifyouorderafterthat，wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.如果這個日期之后訂購的話，我們有權接受或拒絕你申請的折扣價格。②Ican’tmakeacall，asourtelephoneis______________.我無法打電話，因為我們的電話壞了。③Doyouwishtoplaceanorderforsometeawithmenow？你現在想跟我訂購些茶嗎？[溫馨提示]

order作動詞用時，后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句的謂語要用should＋

do或省略should；作名詞用，表示“命令”時，相關的從句也要用虛擬語氣。④Hisorderisthatwe(should)notleaveuntilhereturns.他的命令是他回來我們才能走。outoforder3.stress

n．壓力，重壓；強調vt.重音；著重；強調；重讀(教材P43)Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.他強調仁愛、責任和秩序在社會中的重要性。(1)lay/put/placestressonsth.＝stresssth.把重點放在……上；強調……understress在壓力之下underthestressof為……所迫(2)stresstheimportanceof...強調……的重要性①(2013·高考江西卷·閱讀表達)．..fishingisrelaxingandfunsoitlessensstress.……釣魚是放松的和快樂的，因此它可以緩解壓力。②Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleare____________.人在壓力之下，辦事情就容易出差錯。③Helaid/put/placedstressontwopointsinparticular.他特別強調了兩點。④TheEnglishteacher________________________reading

aloud.英語老師強調了朗讀的重要性。understressstressedtheimportanceof4.condition

n．條件，情形，環境，社會地位(教材P49)Often，factoryworkerslivedinpoorandcrowdedconditions.

通常工廠工人生活在貧窮和擁擠的環境中。(1)beina．..condition在……狀況下beincondition狀況良好beoutofcondition情況很糟；身體不適(2)on...condition在……條件下oncondition(that)條件是……onnocondition決不；絕不(3)conditionsn.(生活或工作的)條件；環境living/workingconditions生活/工作環境①(2013·高考北京卷·完形填空)Shedoesn’tletherconditionstopherfromdoinganythingthatshewantsto.她不會讓她自身的狀況阻止她做她想做的事情。②Havingbeenoutofconditionforseveralweeks，hedecidedtoputoffhistriptotheUSA.因為身體不好好幾周了，他決定推遲他的美國之行。③________________canyoutellhimwhathashappened.你絕不能把發生的事告訴他。④I’llletyouusemybike________________youreturnit

tomorrow.只要你明天歸還，就可以用我的自行車。OnnoconditiononconditionthatⅠ.品句填詞1．Ican’tthankyouenoughforyour_________(善良)．2．Thegeneral__________(原則)isthateducationshouldbe

availabletoallchildrenuptotheageof16.3．I’mnotsurewhatIwoulddoifIwereinyour________(職位)．4．Thereport________(強調)thatstudentsneedtoimprove

mathskills.5．Deweywas__________(有影響的)inshapingeconomic

policy.kindnessprinciplepositionstressedinfluential6．Theybelievethatallworkisof________(平等的)value.7．Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisinexcellent__________(狀況)．8．Thegovernmentwasaccusedofusingthelawtorestrict

individual________(自由)．equalconditionfreedomⅡ.單項填空1．(2012·高考福建卷)Anyone，whetherheisanofficialora

busdriver，shouldbe________respected.A．especially

B．equallyC．naturally D．normally解析：考查副詞辨析。句意：任何人，無論他是官員還是公交司機，都應得到平等的尊重。equally“平等地，同樣地”,符合句意。B2．Fatheralwaysputalotof________ongoodtablemannerswhenwewereyoung.A．excitement B．nervousnessC．crisis D．stress解析：句意：在我們小的時候,父親總是非常重視餐桌禮儀。putstresson...表示“重視；強調”。D3．(2014·長春市實驗中學模擬)Heorderedthatthework________rightaway.A．shouldfinish B．finishedC．befinished D．willbefinished解析：句意：他命令馬上把工作做完。在order后面的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用(should)＋動詞原形，由于finish與thework為被動關系，故用被動結構(should)＋be＋動詞的過去分詞。C4．(2014·山東臨沂質檢)Youarecertaintorealizeyour

dream________youmakegreateffortsandlayemphasisonimprovementsinefficiency.A．onconditionthat B．forfearthatC．eventhough D．incase解析：考查固定短語。句意：如果你努力且把重點放在提高效率上,你一定會實現夢想。onconditionthat如果,條件是;forfearthat唯恐；eventhough即使，盡管；incase萬一。A1.beatwarwith...與……交戰(教材P43)AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中國是個各諸侯國經常混戰的地方。(1)declarewaron...對……宣戰gotowar開戰(2)“at＋n.”構成短語，表示“處于一種什么樣的狀態”atpeace處于和平狀態atrest在休息atrisk在冒險atwork在工作attable在吃飯atsea在航海；茫然，不知所措①(牛津辭典)Thecountryhasbeenatwarwithitsneighborfortwoyears.這個國家與鄰國已打了兩年仗了。②Everyonewantstoliveinaworld______________.每個人都希望生活在一個和平的世界里。③Thediseaseisspreading，andallyoungchildrenare

____________.疾病正在流行，所有的幼兒都有危險。atpeaceatrisk2.bringup養育；提出(話題)；嘔吐(教材P43)Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung，andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.

孟子的父親在孟子小時候就去世了，他是由他的母親撫養成人的。bringabout引起，導致(事故、變化等)bringback歸還；帶回；(事物)使記起bringdown使倒下；弄倒；降低bringin吸引；引進；賺得①(朗文辭典)Whydidyouhavetobringupthesubjectofmoney？你為什么非要提錢這個話題？②Martinhasbeenbringingupallheate.馬丁把他所吃的東西都吐了出來。

③Scienceandtechnologyhas____________manychangesin

ourlives.科學技術給我們生活帶來了諸多變化。④Theplanhe____________has______________thecostsof

productionand____________alotofprofit，whichbrought

thecompanybacktolife.他提出的方案降低了生產成本，帶來了大量利潤，使公司恢復了生機。broughtaboutbroughtupbroughtdownbroughtinⅠ.選詞填空1．Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswill

________________eachother?2．Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasababyandhewas

________________byhisaunt.3．________________，IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhave

enjoyedmyselftoday.beatwarwith；bringup；beproudof；inconclusion；forthefirsttimebeatwarwithbroughtupInconclusion4．Allourclassmatesgathered________________afterour

graduationtenyearsago.5．She________________playingtheleadingpartinthisTV

series.forthefirsttimewasproudofⅡ.單項填空1．Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers，Davidwas________tovaluethesenseofsharing.A．broughtup B．turneddownC．lookedafter D．heldback解析：句意：出生在一個有三個哥哥的家庭里，戴維被教導要重視分享意識。bringup養育，撫養，教育，教導；turndown拒絕，(把聲音等)調低；lookafter照料，照看；holdback阻擋，妨礙，控制(感情)，隱瞞不講。根據句意可知A項正確。A2．Thetwocountrieshavebeen________war________eachotherformorethanfiveyears.A．at；for B．in；againstC．at；with D．in；with解析：beatwarwith“與……交戰”是固定短語。CⅢ.寫出下列句中bringup的含義1．(朗文)Allofourkidswerebroughtuptorespectother

people.____________2．Hebroughtupapracticalplaninthemeeting，which

broughtdownthecostofproduction.____________3．Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadeatenat

midnight.____________4．Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewas

broughtupbyheraunt.____________教育提出嘔吐養育1.(教材P41)Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。本句way意為“方式；方法”，如果先行詞way在定語從句中作狀語，那么可以用that或inwhich來引導，也可以省略that或inwhich。①Wouldyouliketoperformonceagaintheway(inwhich/that)youclimbedupthehightree?你愿意再給我演示一遍你是怎樣爬上那棵高樹的嗎？②Wehavebeenstruckby________________________heteachesusthelanguage.我們被他教我們語言的方式給吸引住了。③Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)wecansolvetheproblem？你能找出一種我們能夠解決這個問題的方式嗎？theway(that/inwhich)2.(教材P43)Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人性善。believe后是that引導的賓語從句，從句中使用“thereasonwhy...isthat...”句式，其中why引導的是定語從句，that引導的是表語從句。(1)That/Thisisbecause...“這是因為……”because引導的表語從句表述原因；(2)That/Thisiswhy...“這就是……的原因”why引導的表語從句表結果。①ThereasonwhyIdidn’tattendthepartywasthatIwastoobusy.我沒有參加宴會是因為我太忙了。②Sorry，wearelate.________________wewereheldupin

thetrafficjam.很抱歉我們遲到了，那是因為我們遇上交通堵塞被耽擱了。③Wewerelate；______________wemissedthefirstbus.我們遲到了，那就是為什么我們錯過了第一班車。That’sbecausethat’swhy[溫馨提示]

(1)thereason后定語從句的引導詞用why還是用that/inwhich，取決于其在定語從句中所承擔的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which；缺少狀語用why或forwhich。(2)thereason后接同位語從句表示其內容時，用引導詞that。④We’dliketoknowthereasonwhyshedidn’tacceptthejob.我們希望知道她為什么不接受這份工作。⑤Thereason____________you’vegivensoundsreasonable.你給出的理由聽起來合情合理。that/whichⅠ.完成句子1．Idon’tliketheway__________________________(他跟我說話的方式)．2．_________________________________________(一些人早逝的原因是)theydidn’tpayattentiontotheirhealth.3．______________________________________________(他在會議上解釋的理由)wasthathedidn’tcatchthefirstbus.4．Whydon’tyoubelieve______________________________

(我的汽車被交通擁擠阻塞了這個理由)inthetrafficjam?(that