英語講義之語法篇一一冠詞parti.不定冠詞的用法1指一類人或事，相當于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提與某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.有個男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相當于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相當于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?——Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn't_Mr.Smithhere.A.不填B.aC.theD.oneThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.（活雷鋒）6用于固定詞組中acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so（as,too,卜。0）+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.9用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前success（抽象名詞）fasuccess（具體化成功的人或事afailure失敗的人或事ashame帶來恥辱的人或事apity可惜或遺憾的事amust必需的事agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某方面的知識II.定冠詞的用法口訣：沙漠河流與群山，列島海峽與海灣。階級黨派國家名，組織團體和機關(guān)。方位朝代獨一詞，會議文件和報刊。木器建筑海洋群，定冠詞可不能刪。1表示某一類人或物InmanyplacesinChina, bicycleisstill popularmeansoftransportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3說話雙方都了解或上文提到的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于演奏樂器playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對比上文的不定冠詞用法5）—Couldyoutellmethewayto Johnsons？一Sorry,wedon'thave_Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;a C./；theD.the;/7序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于國家黨派等以與江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.

10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代inthe1990's（二十世紀九十年代）Inone'stwenties在某人二十多歲時。11用于表示度量單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.不用冠詞的用法1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5表示球類，棋類等運動的名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby seainsteadofdrivingacross continent.A.the;theB,不填；theC.the;不填D.不填；不填7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.使用不定冠詞的常見特殊情況agreatdealof/anumberof/haveacold(rest,break,look,fever,stomachacheallofasudden/Inaflash/afterawhile/haveawordwithsb./inashortwhile/onceinawhile/onceuponatime/asaresultof/getinaword/goforawalk/haveawalk/inahurry/inarush/asamatteroffact/doagooddeed/haveagood(hard)time/keepadiary/makealiving/atadistance/tellalie/ataspeedof...使用定冠詞的情況allovertheworld(country)/ontheotherhand/inthemiddleof/thedayaftertomorrow/theotherday/taketheplaceof/atthesametime/atthemoment/attheendof/atthebeginningof/inthebeginning/inthemorning(afternoon,evening)/ontheothersideof/onthecontrary/bytheendof/attheendof/intheend/intheformof/inthehabitof/ontheradio/onthephone/ontheair/atthebackof/atthecornerof/intheleast/thenextmorning/inthedistance/intheway…不使用冠詞的情況1.by+交通工具===in/on.…交通工具 Bycar/inthecar,bybike/onthebike,byhand/withone'shand, bylaw=accordingtothelaw.bymotor/byland/byroad/bytelephone/bytelegram.2.in+語言、顏料、材料inEnglish/Chinese/red/pencil/withapencil3.A:sth.Aftersth,一個接一個的。。，一個又一個的dayafterday/yearafteryear/battleafterbattle/experimentafteremperiment...B:語義相對的兩個詞在一塊使用的時候往往不用冠詞 Aand-Adayandnight/handnadfoot/heartandsoul/husbandandwife/rightandwrong/fatherandson/bodyandsoul.C:from...To 從…到.…fromtimetotime/fromeasttowest/frommorningtillnight/frombeginningtoend...soonerorlater...littlebylittle/yearbyyear/onebyone/stepbystep/sidebyside./byandbyF:shouldertoshoulder/facetoface/hearttoheart...H:arminarm/handinhand.1.by+交通工具===in/on.…交通工具 Bycar/inthecar,bybike/onthebike,byhand/withone'shand, bylaw=accordingtothelaw...bymotor/byland/byroad/bytelephone/bytelegram…4.系動詞turn+身份，此時turn后名詞不加冠詞==becomea/an.....Shewasamedicalstudentbeforesheturnedpolicewomanheturnedmanagerofabigcompany./====hebecameamanagerof...5.though/althoughSb.isa/an名詞===可以變成倒裝句名詞assb.is,.....Boyasheis,hecanspeakJapanese,FrenchandGerman.Younggirlas/thoughsheis,sheknowsalotabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.Althoughheisaboy,hecanspeakJapanese,FrenchandGerman.6.thisbook/thatbox/yourpurse/hisfirstlesson/nomoney7.beofuse/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity8.在一些固定短語中takepridein/takecareof/takepartin/wordcamethat/opracticeshakehandswith/sentence.todeath/passjudgementon/havemercyon showmercyto/standatattention/payattentionto/makeprogress/makeuseof comeintouse/comeintoaction/makeroomfor/comeintobeing/takemedicine.insilence/incommon/insight/inpublic/indoubt/indebt/atmostincase/inplaceof/ingroups/inuse/inotherwords/introuble/insurprise/starvetodeath四、有無冠詞意義不同的情況無冠詞有冠詞詞例詞義詞例詞義byday在白天bytheday按天計算incaseof以防inthecaseof就。。。來說inchargeof負責、掌管inthechargeof由。。。負責、掌管inprison坐牢intheprison在監(jiān)獄里inbed臥床inthebed在床上inclass在上課intheclass在這個班里inoffice執(zhí)政intheoffice在辦公室里infuture（從今后）全部將來inthefuture將來某時insight(of)看見inthesight(of)在。。。看來insecret秘密、私下inthesecret參與秘密attable在吃飯atthetable坐在桌旁gotosea當水手gotothesea到海邊去gotoschool上學gototheschool到學校去gotochurch做禮拜gotothechurch去教堂gotoprison入獄gototheprison去監(jiān)獄liveonfarm務(wù)農(nóng)liveonthefarm住在農(nóng)場leaveschool輟學leavetheschool離校onboard坐車（船）ontheboard當演員onearth究竟、到底、在地面上ontheearth在地球上outofquestion毫無疑問outofthequestion不可能inpossession擁有inthepossession為。。。所有inopen公開intheopen在戶外onwatch值班onthewatch留神beofage成年beoftheage同齡takeadvice征求意見taketheadvice聽從勸告takepartin參加takethepartin扮。。。角色takeplace發(fā)生、舉行taketheplace代替/取代。。。threeofus我們中的三人thethreeofus就我們?nèi)齻€人冠詞用法很重要，次次考試少不了；分清具體與抽象，看看特指或泛指；重視習慣和搭配，胸有成竹笑高考五、冠詞的位置：l.what,such,many+a/an+形容詞+名詞。Whatabeautifulpictureyouhave! Manyamanhasbeenthere..how,so,as,too,however+形容詞+a/an+名詞。ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent. Ihaveneverseensokindaman..all,both,double,half,twice+the+名詞Allthepassengersagreedtoleavethetrainforawhile..rather可位于冠詞前或后。 arathercoldday=ratheracoldday1．TheSmithsdon’tusuallystayathotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbysea.A．/;a B．the;the C．/;the D．the;a2.Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeen gradualprocessthroughout humanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A.不填,theB.the;a C.a;不填 D.a;aCarlisstudying foodscienceatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./；a B./；theC.the;aD.the;the4.Samhasbeenappointed manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake placeofGeorge.A./,/ B.the,/ Cthethe D./,thewokeupwithbadheadache,yetbyeveningthepainhadgone.A.the;the B.the;an C.a;the D.a;anSarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填；aB.a；theC.the；不填D.the；aBeingabletoafford___drinkwouldbe___comfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;the B.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；afwesitnear___frontofthebus,wewillhave___betterview.A.不填；theB.a不填C.the,aD.the,the.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget__secondchancetomake___firstimpression.A.a,the B.the,theC.a.a D.the,a.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat___peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor__newJiangsu.A.不填，a B.不填，the C.the,aD.thethe.It’s__goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiWorldExpothatgivesthem__pleasure.A.不填，a B.a，不填 C.the,a.D.a.the..Manylifestylepatternsdosuch__greatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup___weakeningofthehumanbody.A.a,/ B./,the C.a,the D.//.Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsin___space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto___earth.A.the,the B.不填，theC.the,不填D.a,then___mostcountries,auniversitydegreecangiveyou__flyingstartinlife.A.the,a B.the,不填C.不填，不填D.不填，a..Everythingcomeswith__price,thereisnosuch__thingasafreelunchintheworld.A.a,a B.the./C.the,a D.a./.全國1.Itisgenerallyacceptedthat boymust