電路的基本概念及定律電源source電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource理想電壓源idealvoltagesource理想電流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic電動勢electromotiveforce電壓voltage電流current電位potential電位差potentialdifference歐姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule電路circuit電路元件circuitelement電阻resistance電阻器resistor電感inductance電感器inductor電容capacitance電容器capacitor電路模型circuitmodel參考方向referencedirection參考電位referencepotential歐姆定律Ohm’slaw基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw（KVL）基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw（KCL）結點node支路branch回路loop網孔mesh支路電流法branchcurrentanalysis網孔電流法meshcurrentanalysis結點電位法nodevoltageanalysis電源變換sourcetransformations疊加原理superpositiontheorem網絡network無源二端網絡passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端網絡activetwo-terminalnetwork戴維寧定理Thevenin’stheorem諾頓定理Norton’stheorem開路（斷路）opencircuit短路shortcircuit開路電壓open-circuitvoltage短路電流short-circuitcurrent交流電路直流電路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流電路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流電路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)瞬時值instantaneousvalue電抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance復數阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位領先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，反相phaseinversion頻率frequency角頻率angularfrequency赫茲Hertz相量phasor相量圖phasordiagram有功功率activepower無功功率reactivepower視在功率apparentpower功率因數powerfactor功率因數補償power-factorcompensation串聯諧振seriesresonance并聯諧振parallelresonance諧振頻率resonancefrequency頻率特性frequencycharacteristic幅頻特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相頻特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止頻率cutofffrequency品質因數qualityfactor通頻帶pass-band帶寬bandwidth(BW)濾波器filter一階濾波器first-orderfilter二階濾波器second-orderfilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter轉移函數transferfunction波特圖Bodediagram傅立葉級數Fourierseries三相電路三相電路three-phasecircuit三相電源three-phasesource對稱三相電源symmetricalthree-phasesource對稱三相負載symmetricalthree-phaseload相電壓phasevoltage相電流phasecurrent線電壓linevoltage線電流linecurrent三相三線制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四線制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形連接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangularconnection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中線neutralline電路的暫態過程分析暫態transientstate穩態steadystate暫態過程，暫態響應transientresponse換路定理lowofswitch一階電路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod時間常數timeconstant積分電路integratingcircuit微分電路differentiatingcircuit磁路與變壓器磁場magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感應強度fluxdensity磁通勢magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance電動機直流電動機dcmotor交流電動機acmotor異步電動機asynchronousmotor同步電動機synchronousmotor三相異步電動機three-phaseasynchronousmotor單相異步電動機single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋轉磁場rotatingmagneticfield定子stator轉子rotor轉差率slip起動電流startingcurrent起動轉矩startingtorque額定電壓ratedvoltage額定電流ratedcurrent額定功率ratedpower機械特性mechanicalcharacteristic繼電器-接觸器控制按鈕button熔斷器fuse開關switch行程開關travelswitch繼電器relay接觸器contactor常開(動合)觸點normallyopencontact常閉(動斷)觸點normallyclosedcontact時間繼電器timerelay熱繼電器thermaloverloadrelay中間繼電器intermediaterelay可編程控制器（PLC）可編程控制器programmablelogiccontroller語句表statementlist梯形圖ladderdiagram半導體器件本征半導體intrinsicsemiconductor摻雜半導體dopedsemiconductorP型半導體P-typesemiconductorN型半導體N--typesemiconductor自由電子freeelectron空穴hole載流子carriersPN結PNjunction擴散diffusion漂移drift二極管diode硅二極管silicondiode鍺二極管germaniumdiode陽極anode陰極cathode發光二極管light-emittingdiode(LED)光電二極管photodiode穩壓二極管Zenerdiode晶體管（三極管）transistorPNP型晶體管PNPtransistorNPN型晶體管NPNtransistor發射極emitter集電極collector基極base電流放大系數currentamplificationcoefficient場效應管field-effecttransistor(FET)P溝道p-channelN溝道n-channel結型場效應管junctionFET（JFET）金屬氧化物半導體metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耗盡型MOS場效應管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增強型MOS場效應管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源極source柵極grid漏極drain跨導transconductance夾斷電壓pinch-offvoltage熱敏電阻thermistor開路open短路shorted基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反向偏置backwardbias靜態工作點quiescentpoint(Q-point)等效電路equivalentcircuit電壓放大倍數voltagegain總的電壓放大倍數overallvoltagegain飽和saturation截止cut-off放大區amplifierregion飽和區saturationregion截止區cut-offregion失真distortion飽和失真saturationdistortion截止失真cut-offdistortion零點漂移zerodrift正反饋positivefeedback負反饋negativefeedback串聯負反饋seriesnegativefeedback并聯負反饋parallelnegativefeedback共射極放大器common-emitteramplifier射極跟隨器emitter-follower共源極放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏極放大器common-drainamplifier多級放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合放大器direct-coupledamplifier輸入電阻inputresistance輸出電阻outputresistance負載電阻loadresistance動態電阻dynamicresistance負載電流loadcurrent旁路電容bypasscapacitor耦合電容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent變阻器（電位器）rheostat電阻（器）resistor電阻（值）resistance電容（器）capacitor電容（量）capacitance電感（器，線圈）inductor電感（量），感應系數inductance正弦電壓sinusoidalvoltage集成運算放大器及應用差動放大器differentialamplifier運算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失調電壓offsetvoltage失調電流offsetcurrent共模信號common-modesignal差模信號different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)積分電路integrator（circuit）微分電路differentiator（circuit）有源濾波器activefilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯濾波器Butterworthfilter切比雪夫濾波器Chebyshevfilter貝塞爾濾波器Besselfilter截止頻率cut-offfrequency上限截止頻率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止頻率lowercut-offfrequency中心頻率centerfrequency帶寬Bandwidth開環增益open-loopgain閉環增益closed-loopgain共模增益common-modegain輸入阻抗inputimpedance電壓跟隨器voltage-follower電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource單位增益帶寬unity-gainbandwidth頻率響應frequencyresponse頻響特性（曲線）responsecharacteristic波特圖theBodeplot穩定性stability補償compensation比較器comparator遲滯比較器hysteresiscomparator階躍輸入電壓stepinputvoltage儀表放大器instrumentationamplifier隔離放大器isolationamplifier對數放大器logamplifier反對數放大器antilogamplifier反饋通道feedbackpath反向漏電流reverseleakagecurrent相位phase相移phaseshift鎖相環phase-lockedloop(PLL)鎖相環相位監測器PLLphasedetector和頻sumfrequency差頻differencefrequency波形發生電路振蕩器oscillatorRC振蕩器RCoscillatorLC振蕩器LCoscillator正弦波振蕩器sinusoidaloscillator三角波發生器triangularwavegenerator方波發生器squarewavegenerator幅度magnitude電平level飽和輸出電平（電壓）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大器功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲類功率放大器classApoweramplifier乙類推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpoweramplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspoweramplifierOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier直流穩壓電源半波整流full-waverectifier全波整流half-waverectifier電感濾波器inductorfilter電容濾波器capacitorfilter串聯型穩壓電源series(voltage)regulator開關型穩壓電源switching(voltage)regulator集成穩壓器IC(voltage)regulator晶閘管及可控整流電路晶閘管thyristor單結晶體管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流controlledrectifier可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰點peakpoint谷點valleypoint控制角controllingangle導通角turn-onangle門電路與邏輯代數二進制binary二進制數binarynumber十進制decimal十六進制hexadecimal二-十進制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）門電路gate三態門tri-stategate與門ANDgate或門ORgate非門NOTgate與非門NANDgate或非門NORgate異或門exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布爾代數Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡諾圖theKarnaughmap邏輯函數logicfunction邏輯表達式logicexpression組合邏輯電路組合邏輯電路combinationlogiccircuit譯碼器decoder編碼器coder比較器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段顯示器seven-segmentdisplay時序邏輯電路時序邏輯電路sequentiallogiccircuitR-S觸發器R-Sflip-flopD觸發器Dflip-flopJ-K觸發器J-Kflip-flop主從型觸發器master-slaveflip-flop置位set復位reset直接置位端direct-setterminal直接復位端direct-resetterminal寄存器register移位寄存器shiftregister雙向移位寄存器bidirectionalshiftregister計數器counter同步計數器synchronouscounter異步計數器asynchronouscounter加法計數器addingcounter減法計數器subtractingcounter定時器timer清除（清0）clear載入load時鐘脈沖clockpulse觸發脈沖triggerpulse上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge時序圖timingdiagram波形圖waveform脈沖波形的產生與整形單穩態觸發器monostableflip-flop雙穩態觸發器bistableflip-flop無穩態振蕩器astableoscillator晶體crystal555定時器555timer模擬信號與數字信號的相互轉換模擬信號analogsignal數字信號digitalsignalAD轉換器analog-digitalconverter(ADC)DA轉換器digital-analogconverter(DAC)半導體存儲器只讀存儲器read-onlymemory（ROM）隨機存取存儲器random-accessmemory（RAM）可編程ROMprogrammableROM（PROM）常見英文縮寫解釋（按字母順序排列）：ASIC:ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit.專用ICCPLD:ComplexProgrammableLogicDevice.復雜可編程邏輯器件EDA:

ElectronicDesignAutomation.

電子設計自動化FPGA:FieldProgrammableGateArray.現場可編程門陣列GAL:

GenericArrayLogic.

通用陣列邏輯HDL:

HardwareDescriptionLanguage.

硬件描述語言IP:

IntelligentProperty.

智能模塊PAL:

ProgrammableArrayLogic.

可編程陣列邏輯RTL:

RegisterTransferLevel.

寄存器傳輸級描述）SOC:

SystemOnaChip.

片上系統SLIC:

SystemLevelIC.

系統級ICVHDL:VeryhighspeedintegratedcircuitHardwareDescriptionLanguage.

超高速集成電路硬件描述語言ASIC（專用集成電路）Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuit.Apieceofcustom-designedhardwareinachip.專用集成電路。一個在一個芯片上定制設計的硬件。addressbus（地址總線）Asetofelectricallinesconnectedtotheprocessorandalloftheperipheralswithwhichitcommunicates.Theaddressbusisusedbytheprocessortoselectaspecificmemorylocationorregisterwithinaparticularperipheral.Iftheaddressbuscontainsnelectricallines,theprocessorcanuniquelyaddressupto2^nsuchlocations.一個連接處理器與所有外設的，用來通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被處理器用來選擇在特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器。如果地址總線有n條電子線路，處理器能唯一尋址高達2^n的地址空間。applicationsoftware（應用軟件）Describessoftwaremodulesspecifictoaparticularembeddedproject.Theapplicationsoftwareisunlikelytobereusableacrossembeddedplatforms,simplybecauseeachembeddedsystemhasadifferentapplication.用來描述一個特定的嵌入式項目中的某一軟件模塊。應用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式平臺，只是因為每一個嵌入式系統有不同的應用軟件。assembler（匯編編譯器）Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolthattranslateshuman-readableassemblylanguageprogramsintomachine-languageinstructionsthattheprocessorcanunderstandandexecute.一個能把人可讀的匯編語言程序轉換到處理器可理解和運行的機器指令的軟件開發工具。assemblylanguage（匯編語言）Ahuman-readableformofaprocessor"sinstructionset.Mostprocessor-specificfunctionsmustbewritteninassemblylanguage.一種人可讀的處理器指令集的形式。大多數處理器相關的功能必須用匯編語言編寫。ADIMM（advancedDualIn-lineMemoryModules，高級雙重內嵌式內存模塊）AMR（Audio／ModemRiser；音效／調制解調器主機板附加直立插卡）AHA（AcceleratedHubArchitecture，加速中心架構）ASKIR（AmplitudeShiftKeyedInfra-Red，長波形可移動輸入紅外線）ATX:ATExtend（擴展型AT）BIOS（BasicInput/OutputSystem，基本輸入/輸出系統）CSE（ConfigurationSpaceEnable，可分配空間）DB:DeviceBay，設備插架DMI（DesktopManagementInterface，桌面管理接口）EB（ExpansionBus，擴展總線）EISA（EnhancedIndustryStandardArchitecture，增強形工業標準架構）EMI（ElectromagneticInterference，電磁干擾）ESCD（ExtendedSystemConfigurationData，可擴展系統配置數據）FBC（FrameBufferCache，幀緩沖緩存）FireWire（火線，即IEEE1394標準）FSB:FrontSideBus，前置總線，即外部總線FWH（FirmwareHub，固件中心）GMCH（Graphics&MemoryControllerHub，圖形和內存控制中心）GPIs（GeneralPurposeInputs，普通操作輸入）ICH（Input/OutputControllerHub，輸入/輸出控制中心）IR（infraredray，紅外線）IrDA（infraredray，紅外線通信接口可進行局域網存取和文件共享）ISA:IndustryStandardArchitecture，工業標準架構ISA（instructionsetarchitecture，工業設置架構）MDC（MobileDaughterCard，移動式子卡）MRH-R（MemoryRepeaterHub，內存數據處理中心）MRH-S（SDRAMRepeaterHub，SDRAM數據處理中心）MTH（MemoryTransferHub，內存轉換中心）NGIO（NextGenerationInput/Output，新一代輸入/輸出標準）P64H（64-bitPCIControllerHub，64位PCI控制中心）PCB（printedcircuitboard，印刷電路板）PCBA（PrintedCircuitBoardAssembly，印刷電路板裝配）PCI:PeripheralComponentInterconnect，互連外圍設備PCISIG（PeripheralComponentInterconnectSpecialInterestGroup，互連外圍設備專業組）POST（PowerOnSelfTest,加電自測試）RNG（RandomnumberGenerator，隨機數字發生器）RTC:RealTimeClock（實時時鐘）KBC（KeyBroadControl，鍵盤控制器）SAP（SidebandAddressPort，邊帶尋址端口）SBA（SideBandAddressing，邊帶尋址）SMA:ShareMemoryArchitecture，共享內存結構STD（SuspendToDisk，磁盤喚醒）STR（SuspendToRAM，內存喚醒）SVR:SwitchingVoltageRegulator（交換式電壓調節）USB（UniversalSerialBus，通用串行總線）USDM（UnifiedSystemDiagnosticManager，統一系統監測管理器）VID（VoltageIdentificationDefinition，電壓識別認證）VRM（VoltageRegulatorModule，電壓調整模塊）ZIF:ZeroInsertionForce,零插力主板技術GigabyteACOPS:AutomaticCPUOverHeatPreventionSystem（CPU過熱預防系統）SIV:SystemInformationViewer（系統信息觀察）磐英ESDJ（EasySettingDualJumper，簡化CPU雙重跳線法）浩鑫UPT（USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口）芯片組ACPI（AdvancedConfigurationandPowerInterface，先進設置和電源管理）AGP（AcceleratedGraphicsPort，圖形加速接口）I/O（Input/Output，輸入/輸出）MIOC:MemoryandI/OBridgeController，內存和I/O橋控制器NBC:NorthBridgeChip（北橋芯片）PIIX:PCIISA/IDEAccelerator（加速器）PSE36:PageSizeExtension36－bit，36位頁面尺寸擴展模式PXB:PCIExpanderBridge，PCI增強橋RCG:RAS/CASGenerator，RAS/CAS發生器SBC:SouthBridgeChip（南橋芯片）SMB:SystemManagementBus（全系統管理總線）SPD（SerialPresenceDetect，內存內部序號檢測裝置）SSB:SuperSouthBridge，超級南橋芯片TDP:TritonDataPath（數據路徑）TSC:TritonSystemController（系統控制器）QPA:QuadPortAcceleration（四接口加速）BBSP（板卡支持包）Seeboardsupportpackage.見boardsupportpackage。binarysemaphore(二元信號)Atypeofsemaphorewithjusttwostates.Alsocalledamutex.一種只有兩種狀態的信號。也叫互斥信號。boardsupportpackage（板卡支持包）Partofasoftwarepackagethatisprocessororplatform-dependent.Typically,samplesourcecodefortheboardsupportpackageisprovidedbythepackagedeveloper.Thesamplecodemustbemodifiedasnecessary,compiled,andlinkedwiththeremainderofthesoftwarepackage.軟件包的具有平臺依賴性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發者提供。樣例源程序必須能在需要時被修改、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的部分連接起來。bond-outprocessor（外合處理器）Aspecialversionofaprocessorthathassomeoftheinternalsignalsbroughtouttoexternalpins.Abond-outprocessorismostoftenfoundwithinanemulatorandisneverintendedtobeusedinaproductionsystem.一種特殊版本的處理器，它有一些，內部的信號能傳達到外置的針腳上。一個外合處理器絕大多數情況下只用在模擬器上，從來不會被特意用在產品系統上。Breakpoint（斷點）Alocationinaprogramatwhichexecutionistobestoppedandcontroloftheprocessorswitchedtothedebugger.Mechanismsforcreatingandremovingbreakpointsareprovidedbymostdebuggingtools.一個在程序中的地址，在那里程序的執行被停止，并且處理器的控制轉換到了除錯程序。大多數除錯工具提供增加與刪除一個斷點的機制。2CISC（復雜指令集計算機）ComplexInstructionSetComputer.Describesthearchitectureofaprocessorfamily.CISCprocessorsgenerallyfeaturevariable-lengthinstructions,multipleaddressingformats,andcontainonlyasmallnumberofgeneral-purposeregisters.Intel"s80x86familyisthequintessentialexampleofCISC.ContrastwithRISC.復雜指令集計算機。對一種處理器架構的描述。CISC處理器一般產生變長的指令，多種地址格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC處理器。相對于RISC而言。CPU（中央處理器）CentralProcessingUnit.Thepartofaprocessorthatexecutesinstructions.中央處理器。處理器中執行指令的那一部分。Compiler（編譯器）Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolthattranslateshigh-levellanguageprogramsintothemachine-languageinstructionsthataparticularprocessorcanunderstandandexecute.把高級編程語言程序轉換到只有特定的處理器能了解和執行的機器指令的一種軟件開發包。context（上下文）Thecurrentstateoftheprocessor"sregistersandflags.處理器當前的狀態和標志。contextswitch（上下文切換）Theprocessofswitchingfromonetasktoanotherinamultitaskingoperatingsystem.Acontextswitchinvolvessavingthecontextoftherunningaskandrestoringthepreviously-savedcontextoftheother.Thepieceofcodethatdoesthisisnecessarilyprocessor-specific.在多任務操作系統中我一個任務切換到另一個的過程。上下文切換包括保存正在運行的任務的上下文和恢復早先保存的另一個任務的上下文。做這個工作的一段代碼必須具有處理器特權。countingsemaphore（計數信號）Atypeofsemaphorethatisusedtotrackmultipleresourcesofthesametype.Anattempttotakeacountingsemaphoreisblockedonlyifalloftheavailableresourcesareinuse.Contrastwithbinarysemaphore.一種用來跟蹤多個相同類型資源的信號燈。僅僅在所有可用的資源都被用完了時才阻塞。相對二元信號而言。criticalsection（臨界段）Ablockofcodethatmustbeexecutedinsequenceandwithoutinterruptiontoguaranteecorrectoperationofthesoftware.Seealsoracecondition.一段必須按次序執行的代碼，并且不能被中斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競爭狀況。cross-compiler（交叉編譯器）Acompilerthatrunsonadifferentplatformthantheoneforwhichitproducesobjectcode.Across-compilerrunsonahostcomputerandproducesobjectcodeforthetarget.一個運行在不同的平臺上的編譯器，其中之一能產生目標代碼。交叉編譯器在主機上運行并且產生目標機的目標代碼。DDMA（直接內存訪問）DirectMemoryAccess.Atechniquefortransferringdatadirectlybetweentwoperipherals(usuallymemoryandanI/Odevice)withonlyminimalinterventionbytheprocessor.DMAtransfersaremanagedbyathirdperipheralcalledaDMAcontroller.直接內存訪問。一種直接在兩個外設（通常是內存和I/O設備）之間進行數據傳輸的技術，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設進行管理。DRAM（動態隨機訪問存儲器）DynamicRandom-AccessMemory.AtypeofRAMthatmaintainsitscontentsonlyaslongasthedatastoredinthedeviceisrefreshedatregularintervals.TherefreshcyclesareusuallyperformedbyaperipheralcalledaDRAMcontroller.動態隨機訪問存儲器。一種RAM，存儲在其設備中的數據被定期刷新時才能保存它的內容。刷新周期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成。Databus（數據總線）Asetofelectricallinesconnectedtotheprocessorandalloftheperipheralswithwhichitcommunicates.Whentheprocessorwantstoread(write)thecontentsofamemorylocationorregisterwithinaparticularperipheral,itsetstheaddressbuspinsappropriatelyandreceives(transmits)thecontentsonthedatabus.連接處理器與所有外設進行通訊的電子線路集。當一個處理器想去寫（讀）某一特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內容時，處理器設置地址總線并在數據總線上接收（傳輸）內容。Deadline（死線）Thetimeatwhichaparticularsetofcomputationsmustbecompleted.Seealsoreal-timesystem.一個特定計算必須被完成的時間。請看實時系統。Deadlock（死鎖）Anunwantedsoftwaresituationinwhichanentiresetoftasksisblocked,waitingforaneventthatonlyataskwithinthesamesetcancause.Ifadeadlockoccurs,theonlysolutionistoresetthehardware.However,itisusuallypossibletopreventdeadlocksaltogetherbyfollowingcertainsoftwaredesignpractices.一種不希望出現的軟件狀態，在這個狀態下，所有的任務因為等待一個只有在這些被阻塞任務之一才能產生的事件而被阻塞。如果死鎖發生，唯一解決的方法是重啟動硬件。但是，通過可靠的軟件設計實踐活動通常可以防止死鎖的發生。debugmonitor（除錯監視程序）Apieceofembeddedsoftwarethathasbeendesignedspecificallyforuseasadebuggingtool.ItusuallyresidesinROMandcommunicateswithadebuggerviaaserialportornetworkconnection.Thedebugmonitorprovidesasetofprimitivecommandstoviewandmodifymemorylocationsandregisters,createandremovebreakpoints,andexecuteyourprogram.Thedebuggercombinestheseprimitivestofulfillhigher-levelrequestslikeprogramdownloadandsingle-step.嵌入式軟件被特殊設計來作為除錯工具的一部分。它一般被放在ROM中，通過串口或網絡與除錯器進行通訊。除錯監視程序提供一個簡單的命令集來顯示和內存地址和寄存器、建立和移除斷點，并且運行你的程序。除錯監視器組合這些簡單的命令去實現象程序下載各單步調試等高端的請求。Debugger（除錯器）Asoftwaredevelopmenttoolusedtotestanddebugembeddedsoftware.Thedebuggerrunsonahostcomputerandconnectstothetargetthroughaserialportornetworkconnection.Usingadebuggeryoucandownloadsoftwaretothetargetforimmediateexecution.Youcanalsosetbreakpointsandexaminethecontentsofspecificmemorylocationsandregisters.一個軟件開發工具，被用來對嵌入式軟件進行測試和除錯。除錯器在宿主機上運行并且通過串口或網絡連接到目標機上。你能使用除錯器下載軟件到目標機并直接運行。你也可以設置斷點并檢查特定內存地址或寄存器的內容。devicedriver（設備驅動程序）Asoftwaremodulethathidesthedetailsofaparticularperipheralandprovidesahigh-levelprogramminginterfacetoit.一個軟件模塊，它隱藏特定外設的細節并提供高級的外設編程接口。deviceprogrammer（設備編程器）Atoolforprogrammingnon-volatilememoriesandotherelectrically-programmabledevices.Typically,theprogrammabledeviceisinsertedintoasocketonthedeviceprogrammerandthecontentsofamemorybufferarethentransferredintoit.一種用來對不揮發內存和其他電可編程設備進行編程的工具。典型地，可編程設備被插到設備編程器的接口上，接著內存緩存器中的內容被傳送到它里面。digitalsignalprocessor（數字信號處理器）Adevicethatissimilartoamicroprocessor,exceptthattheinternalCPUhasbeenoptimizedforuseinapplicationsinvolvingdiscrete-timesignalprocessing.Inadditiontostandardmicroprocessorinstructions,DSPsusuallysupportasetofcomplexinstructionstoperformcommonsignal-processingcomputationsquickly.CommonDSPfamiliesareTI"s320CxxandMotorola"s5600xseries.一種類似于微處理器的的設備，不同的是它內部的CPU被優化，用于特定的應用，如離散信號處理。除了標準的微處理器指令外，DSP常常支持復雜指令集去非常快地完成通用的信號處理計算。通用DSP家庭是TI的320Cxx和Motorola的5600x系列。EEPROM（電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）ElectricallyErasable,ProgrammableRead-OnlyMemory.(Pronounced"Double-E"-PROM.)AtypeofROMthatcanbeerasedelectronically.電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器。一種ROM能被電擦除。EPROM（可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Erasable,ProgrammableRead-OnlyMemory.AtypeofROMthatcanbeerasedbyexposingittoultravioletlight.Onceerased,anEPROMcanbereprogrammedwiththehelpofadeviceprogrammer.一種可用紫外線擦除的存儲器。一次擦除后，EPROM可以在設備編程器的幫助下被重編程。embeddedsystem（嵌入式系統）Acombinationofcomputerhardwareandsoftware,andperhapsadditionalmechanicalorotherparts,designedtoperformadedicatedfunction.Insomecases,embeddedsystemsarepartofalargersystemorproduct,asisthecaseofananti-lockbrakingsysteminacar.Contrastwithgeneral-purposecomputer.計算機硬件和軟件的結合體，或許還加上機械等其他部分，被設計來完成專門的功能。在一些情況下，嵌入式系統是一個大的系統或產品的一部分，就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。與通用計算機相對。Emulator(仿真器)ShortforIn-CircuitEmulator(ICE).Adebuggingtoolthattakestheplaceof-emulates-theprocessoronyourtargetboard.Emulatorsfrequentlyincorporateaspecial"bond-out"versionofthetargetprocessorthatallowsyoutoobserveandrecorditsinternalstateasyourprogramisexecuting.在線仿真器的簡寫。一個在你的目標板上放置仿真的處理器的調試工具。仿真器經常和一目標處理器的一種“外合”版本合在一起，這個版本的的處理器充許你運行程序時觀察和記錄它的內部狀態。Executable（可執行的）Afilecontainingobjectcodethatisreadyforexecutiononthetarget.AllthatremainsistoplacetheobjectcodeintoaROMordownloaditviaadebuggingtool.一個包含準備在目標機上運行的目標代碼的文件。放置目標代碼到ROM中或通過調試工具下載。Firmware（固件）EmbeddedsoftwarethatisstoredasobjectcodewithinaROM.Thisnameismostcommonamongtheusersofdigitalsignalprocessors.是作為目標代碼存貯在ROM中的嵌入式軟件。這個名字在數字信號處理器的用戶中相當流行。flashmemory（閃存）ARAM-ROMhybridthatcanbeerasedandrewrittenundersoftwarecontrol.Suchdevicesaredividedintoblocks,calledsectors,thatareindividually-erasable.Flashmemoryiscommoninsystemsthatrequirenonvolatiledatastorageatverylowcost.Insomecases,alargefashmemorymayevenbeusedinsteadofadisk-drive.一種RAM-ROM的混血兒，它能在軟件的控制下被擦除和重寫。一些設備被分成叫段組的塊，能個別地可擦。閃存用在需要很便宜的非易失數據存貯器的地方，一個大容量的閃存甚至被用作磁盤驅動器。Ggeneral-purposecomputer（通用計算機）Acombinationofcomputerhardwareandsoftwarethatservesasageneral-purposecomputingplatform.Forexample,apersonalcomputer.Contrastwithembeddedsystem.當作通用計算平臺的計算機硬件與軟件的組合。例如，PC。相對于嵌入式計算機。HHLLSeehigh-levellanguage.查閱高級語言。Heap（堆）Anareaofmemorythatisusedfordynamicmemoryallocation.CallstomallocandfreeandtheC++operatorsnewanddeleteresultinrun-timemanipulationoftheheap.一塊被用作動態內存分配的內存區域。調用malloc和free、C++的操作符new、delete在運行時進行堆的操作。high-levellanguage（高級語言）Alanguage,suchasCorC++,thatisprocessor-independent.Whenprogramminginahigh-levellanguage,itispossibletoconcentrateonalgorithmsandapplicationswithoutworryingaboutthedetailsofaparticularprocessor.一種語言，象C或C++，是處理器獨立的。當在高級語言上編程時，不需要考慮特定處理器的細節，只用關心算法和應用。Host（主機）Ageneral-purposecomputerthatcommunicateswiththetargetviaaserialportornetworkconnection.Thistermisusuallyusedtodistinguishthecomputeronwhichthedebuggerisrunningfromtheembeddedsystemthatisbeingdeveloped.一臺通用計算機，它通過串口或網絡連接與目標機通訊。這處名詞一般用來區別調試程序運行的計算機和被開發的嵌入式系統。ICEIn-CircuitEmulator.Seeemulator.在線仿真器。查閱仿真器。I/O（輸入/輸出）Input/Output.Theinterfacebetweenaprocessorandtheworldaroundit.Thesimplestexamplesareswitches(inputs)andLEDs(outputs).輸入/輸出。處理器與外界的交互界面。最簡單的例子是開關（輸入）和發光二級管（輸出）。I/Odevice（IO設備）Apieceofhardwarethatinterfacesbetweentheprocessorandtheoutsideworld.CommonexamplesareswitchesandLEDs,serialports,andnetworkcontrollers.一種介于處理器和外界之間的硬件設備。一般的實例是開關、LED、串口和網絡控制器。I/Omap（I/O映射）AtableordiagramcontainingthenameandaddressrangeofeachperipheraladdressablebytheprocessorwithintheI/Ospace.I/Omapsareahelpfulaidingettingtoknowthetarget.一張包含每個外設的名字和地址的表格或圖表，可由處理器在I/O空間中設定地址。I/O映射對得知目標機情況非常有利。I/Ospace（I/O空間）AspecialmemoryregionprovidedbysomeprocessorsandgenerallyreservedfortheattachmentofI/Odevices.MemorylocationsandregisterswithinanI/Ospacecanbeaccessedonlyviaspecialinstructions.Forexample,processorsinthe80x86familyhavespecialI/Ospaceinstructionscalledinandout.Contrastwithmemoryspace.一個由處理器提供的特殊內存區域，一般為為I/O設備的附件保留。在I/O空間的內存位置和寄存器只能通過特殊的指定進行訪問。例如：80X86家族的處理器有叫做in/out的特殊的I/O空間指令。相對內存空間而言。ISR（中斷服務程序）Seeinterruptserviceroutine.instructionpointer（指令指針）Aregisterintheprocessorthatcontainstheaddressofthenextinstructiontobeexecuted.Alsoknownasaprogramcounter.包含下一條要執行指令地址的處理器中的寄存器。也叫程序計數器。Interrupt（中斷）Anasynchronouselectricalsignalfromaperipheraltotheprocessor.Whentheperipheralassertsthissignal,wesaythataninterruptoccurs.Whenerruptoccurs,thecurrentstateoftheprocessorissavedandaninterruptserviceroutineisexecuted.Whentheinterruptserviceroutineexits,controloftheprocessorisreturnedtowhateverpartofthesoftwarewaspreviouslyrunning.一個從外設到處理器的異步電信號。當外設發出這個信號，我們說一個中斷發生。當一個中斷發生，當前的處理器狀態被保存并且中斷服務程序開始運行。當中斷服務程序退出，對處理器的控制權轉到先前運行的那個軟件上。interruptlatency（中斷延遲）Theamountoftimebetweentheassertionofaninterruptandthestartoftheassociatedinterruptserviceroutine.在中斷發生和相關的中斷服務程序運行之間的時間長短。interruptserviceroutine（中斷服務程序）Apieceofsoftwareexecutedinresponsetoaparticularinterrupt.響應特定中斷而運行的一小段軟件。interrupttype（中斷類型）Auniquenumberassociatedwitheachinterrupt.和每一個中斷相關聯的唯一數字。interruptvector（中斷向量）Theaddressofaninterruptserviceroutine.中斷服務程序所在的地址。interruptvectortable（中斷向量表）Atablecontaininginterruptvectorsandindexedbyinterrupttype.Thistablecontainstheprocessor"smappingbetweeninterruptsandinterru