廈門市初中畢業和高中階段各類學校招生考試英語試題質量評估報告一、評價重要根據與原則1.評價根據以教育部制定《全日制義務教育英語課程原則》(實驗稿)為基本,同步參照現行教材《新目的》英語(goforit)各項功能話題及詞匯等語言知識體系,并充分考慮我市初中畢業班英語教學實際,2.評價原則依照“以話題、意義為中心,以功能語用為主線”基本原則;從科學性、指引性角度,全面評估試題在聽、說、讀、寫等各種層次對學生英語語言知識掌握限度及其綜合語用能力考查狀況。二、考試形式及試題構造考試形式為閉卷筆試,總分150分。試卷構造詳見下表:試題構造(表1)板塊題型題量分值板塊總分一、聽I.聽音識圖5530II.簡短對話聽音理解1010III.較長對話或短文理解55IV.任務型聽力填空題1010二、基本知識V.選取填空202030VI.完形填空1010三、讀VII.閱讀理解255050四、說(情景交際運用)VIII.依照對話情景,填入恰當單詞6620IX.依照情景提示,填入恰當短語或句子。48X.依照短文情景,填入恰當短語或句子。36五、寫XI.段落編寫1820XII.短文寫作112今年試卷構造與去年基本相似,只有書面表達某些本來“看圖寫句”改為“段落編寫”。三、試卷總體評價1.考試成績總體分析(表2)項目數據項目數據記錄人數22598先進率(0.85)26.13%滿分值150及格率(0.6)62.55%平均分98.1699原則差34.3993難度值0.6545α信度0.9629最高分149.5(1人)最低分0(11人)*考試成績總體狀況對照表(表2-1)項目數據項目數據記錄人數23245先進率(0.85)26.14%滿分值150及格率(0.6)60.84%平均分97.2原則差35.2484難度值0.648α信度0.969今年考生總人數為22598人,比去年減少了600多人。同去年成績相比,平均分提高了1分左右,先進率與去年持平,及格率提高了近2個百分點,原則差有略微縮小。今年除了及格率外,其他幾種重要測試指標都達到了考試闡明所預定目的,但及格率在去年基本上依然有所提高。和成績頻數分布對比(表3)今年頻數分布曲線與去年基本一致,由于總人數比去年減少了600多人,因此,幾乎每個分數段人數都比去年少了某些,但是60分如下人數卻和去年幾乎同樣多,特別故意思是:0-10和11-20分數段人數與去年完全同樣,分別是22人和25人。這個現象告訴我們,雖然總體及格率有所提高,但超低分人數卻比去年多。各區頻數分布對比參照圖(表3-1)依照上表可以看出,市屬和思明區高分數段人數明顯較多,湖里區和集美區頻數分布基本相似,海滄區與去年同樣呈現雙峰分布態勢,同安區各分數段人數基本平均分布,顯示低分數段學生數量較多,翔安區低分數段人數得到了較好控制。2.全市各區成績記錄對比(表4)學校名稱學生數平均分難度值原則差先進率及格率全市2259898.16990.654534.39930.26130.6255市屬4082106.2930.708633.4250.36750.7144思明5016109.2780.728531.4610.3870.7544湖里257099.39180.662633.7830.2650.6358集美230796.68650.644631.1490.18470.6277海滄154594.24210.628335.25090.22330.5761同安301688.67040.591133.02450.15620.4977翔安238795.45110.636329.66190.14830.6096民辦146564.41770.429533.23260.07240.2389從上面各區成績登記表可以看出:除民辦外,只有同安區平均分沒有超過90分,并且及格率也是最低;海滄區原則差最大,翔安區原則差最小,但是先進率卻最低。至各區平均分與市均線差值記錄對比(表4-1)均分比較市均線市屬思明湖里集美海滄同安翔安民辦與市均線差值94.427+7.16+11.77+8.52-0.70-3.76-8.29-5.58-24.57與市均線差值97.2+8.79+10.45+7.78-4.28-4.39-9.89-5.56-26.78與市均線差值98.17+8.12+11.11+1.22-1.483-3.928-9.5-2.719-33.752依照上表我們可以看出,今年湖里區平均分與市均線差值與前兩年相比減少了許多,而集美區和翔安區狀況有所好轉;民辦校差距則進一步加大,并且是大幅度地退步,狀況堪憂。四、試題詳細分析1.聽音理解(1)總體得分狀況(表5)聽力模塊聽音選圖短對話理解語篇理解聽音填詞滿分值30510510難度值0.7570.93840.85890.730.5778(2)各小題詳細數據(表5-1)題號滿分平均分難度值區別度原則差滿分率零分率選A比例選B比例選C比例0110.9840.9840.0510.12540.9840.0160.9840.01020.0050210.97150.97150.09510.16630.97150.02850.00810.01950.97150310.92860.92860.21460.25750.92860.07140.03350.92860.03660410.93750.93750.21280.2420.93750.06250.93750.02680.03460510.87030.87030.40160.33590.87030.12970.04820.87030.07960610.89230.89230.34010.310.89230.10770.07830.02850.89230710.8450.8450.42350.36190.8450.1550.8450.12260.03140810.91860.91860.24490.27350.91860.08140.03730.04270.91860910.84420.84420.50790.36260.84420.15580.84420.04440.10971010.93230.93230.22650.25120.93230.06770.03150.93230.03371110.9010.9010.33190.29870.9010.0990.9010.0440.05361210.90190.90190.27030.29750.90190.09810.03850.90190.05821310.64920.64920.58810.47720.64920.35080.09160.25760.64921410.78590.78590.56120.41020.78590.21410.07610.78590.1371510.91830.91830.27410.27390.91830.08170.04060.040.91831610.49230.49230.59760.49990.49230.50770.37410.13170.49231710.89540.89540.31470.30610.89540.10460.89540.05490.04811810.8960.8960.3190.30530.8960.1040.03720.8960.06341910.73810.73810.66860.43970.73810.26190.15120.73810.10872010.62810.62810.63370.48330.62810.37190.62810.08350.28677610.65030.65030.81760.4750.64670.34627710.68820.68820.83860.46080.68370.30747810.510.510.80640.49830.50680.48677910.6140.6140.82890.48520.61080.38288010.52670.52670.91440.49730.52270.46928110.65140.65140.90790.47440.64720.34458210.54890.54890.96130.49570.54510.44738310.43950.43950.89270.49380.43460.55568410.79760.79760.64470.40030.79510.19998510.35180.35180.83650.47480.34660.6431(3)典型試題分析今年聽力某些試題總體難度有所減少,學生均分比往年提高了不少。第13、16、83、85小題是為數不多學生作答狀況較差試題。例113. A.Tooexpensive. B.Kindofcool. C.Outofstyle.錄音稿: M:Theskirtlooksnice,andit’scheap.Whydon’tyoutakeit? W:Yeah,it’snotsoexpensive.Butit’soutofstyle.Itdoesn’tlookcool. Q:Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttobuytheskirt?本題對的答案是C,對學生導致干擾重要選項是B,而A選項對學生影響不大。依照聽力內容及選項綜合分析,我們推斷,導致學生失分重要有如下幾種也許因素:(1)A選項expensive被not所否定,比B選項lookcool被doesn’t所否定在聽音理解上難度低;(2)A選項有二次提示,即反義詞cheap;(3)A選項expensive出當前聽力內容中間,B選項lookcool浮現于聽音內容末尾;(4)從詞匯角度看,expensive和cheap比起cool,學生熟悉度更高。依照失分因素分析,我們可以得到借鑒是:在聽音教學中,應當注意讓學生通過大量語音感知自然地熟悉各種否定表達;不應當片面地過度強調核心詞聽力技巧,整體自然聽音感知和迅速大意判斷始終是聽音理解教學首要任務。例2TextA16.Peterhurthis______whenhewasplayingbasketball. A.hand B.foot C.leg17.Peteris______now. A.inhospital B.athome C.inschool錄音稿:M:MrsJones?ThisisMrWhite.W:Oh,hello,MrWhite.What’sit?M:It’saboutPeter.There’snothingtoworryabout,butPeterhadalittleaccident.W:Anaccident?Ishehurt?Where’she?M:Oneofhislegswashurtwhenhewasplayingbasketballwithhisclassmates.It’spainful,ofcourse,butnothingserious.W:Hasthedoctorseenhim?M:Yes.HeisinKingHospitalnow.W:I’lldrivethereatonce.Thankyou.Seeyou.從命題角度來說,第17小題預設難度比第16小題高,但意外是學生第16小題得分卻低諸多。從單詞難易度和熟悉度來說,leg都不會比hospital差,因此我們推測學生失分狀況更嚴重重要因素也許是:(1)出當前聽音內容中間位置詞匯在聽音理解記憶上難度較大;(2)在聽音內容中leg復數形式浮現,而hospital是原形。如果是第一種情形,那么教師應當注意培養學生在聽音理解中速記習慣;而如果是后者,則提示我們每次進行新語言知識教學時候,應當堅持以真實語意為中心,通過自然聽、讀輸入通道來建立語言知識在學生大腦中初始記憶,避免在起始階段用語法構造理論框架來初始化學生語言識記。例3TextB:聽音,記錄關于項目研究環節辦法。Tomakegoodprojects81.__________DiscusseverythingfortheprojectWriteTake82.__________whilediscussingPlanMakea83.__________ofeverything84.__________Get,doandresearchsomethingShowShowthe85.__________ofyourworkinclass錄音稿Areyouinterestedinprojects?Doyouwanttohaveagoodone?Well,thatdoesn’tcomeeasily.Youneedtodothefollowingtasks.1.Talk:Youandyourclassmatesdiscusseverythingthatyouwouldliketodoforyourproject.2.Write:Oneofyourclassmatestakesnoteswhileyourgroupmembersaretalking.Andlaterheorshewillreviewalltheideasandmakethembetter.3.Plan:Yourgroupmakesalistofeverythingyou’llneedandwhowillget,doorresearchwhat.4.Do:Eachgroupmembergets,doesandresearchessomething,andthenyourgroupputstogetherallyouhavefoundandtriestomaketheprojectwell-organized.5.Show:Youandyourclassmatesshowtheresultofyourhardworkinclass.本題是聽力測試中非選取題型,依照評卷教師反映,題目難度不大,學生作答狀況比往年類似題型要好。第83和85小題錯誤重要因素是單詞拼寫問題,例如:list拼成lits;results拼成z,t拼成f。此外,書寫不規范也是主觀題型一大問題,例如:resultr變成v,尚有第80題dogg變成y等等。要解決單詞拼寫問題,需要教師們在對詞匯進行科學分類基本上,學會科學地分層,由于詞匯數量很大,雖然分類可以提高記憶效率,但分類后數量如果依然過大,就應當考慮相對于不同學時,將詞匯分為“核心、普通、拓展”或者“必修、選修、拓展”,在此基本上,強化核心詞匯拼寫規定。2.基本知識與運用(1)總體得分狀況(表6)基本知識與語用選取填空完形填空滿分值302010難度值0.69980.74920.6009(2)各小題詳細數據(表6-1)題號滿分平均分難度值區別度原則差滿分率零分率選A比例選B比例選C比例2110.77140.77140.62710.41990.77140.22860.12210.10480.77142210.78790.78790.5620.40880.78790.21210.78790.1390.07112310.7460.7460.57920.43530.7460.2540.07510.1760.7462410.73050.73050.57090.44370.73050.26950.73050.17430.09352510.73840.73840.57840.43950.73840.26160.12940.73840.132610.77590.77590.6610.4170.77590.22410.77590.13390.08832710.77150.77150.59070.41980.77150.22850.16110.77150.06642810.87210.87210.42910.3340.87210.12790.05040.07640.87212910.47010.47010.49940.49910.47010.52990.09330.4350.47013010.66450.66450.63370.47220.66450.33550.20770.66450.12463110.71450.71450.64170.45170.71450.28550.71450.16760.11433210.69210.69210.4770.46160.69210.30790.08710.69210.21873310.79030.79030.59510.40710.79030.20970.10270.10460.79033410.82790.82790.56190.37740.82790.17210.82790.10710.0633510.89490.89490.33440.30670.89490.10510.03610.89490.06753610.68310.68310.60560.46530.68310.31690.21810.09540.68313710.79640.79640.37960.40270.79640.20360.79640.13280.06893810.8530.8530.47550.35410.8530.1470.06490.8530.08033910.74650.74650.57610.4350.74650.25350.74650.13310.11814010.65720.65720.60840.47470.65720.34280.28030.65720.06074110.67520.67520.61710.46830.67520.32480.24590.07720.67524210.72830.72830.67810.44480.72830.27170.72830.1810.0894310.81660.81660.49910.3870.81660.18340.0860.81660.09574410.39860.39860.39850.48960.39860.60140.40120.19660.39864510.71010.71010.51120.45370.71010.28990.71010.17620.11184610.73850.73850.67760.43940.73850.26150.73850.17350.08634710.47930.47930.30860.49960.47930.52070.10860.41020.47934810.61470.61470.4250.48670.61470.38530.22290.61470.16044910.55840.55840.55290.49660.55840.44160.16990.55840.26885010.28910.28910.11420.45330.28910.71090.26080.44710.2891近幾年學生在“基本知識與運用”始終有良好而穩定體現,闡明教師在語言基本知識教學還是抓比較夯實到位。今年“選取填空”和“完形填空”兩個題型梯度合理,既考查了學生基本詞匯和語法等知識,同步考查了她們靈活運用這些知識在語境中解決實際問題能力。(3)典型試題分析例129.–It’ssuchalongway!WhatshallIdo?–You______takemycarifyouwant. A.must B.should C.may選取填空一共20個小題,除了第29小題外,其他題目難度值都在0.65以上,其中一半左右小題難度值在0.75以上。仔細分析該題題干和選項,發現預設難度并不是特別高,成果較低難度值表白有一半學生在語境中使用恰當情態動詞來表達適當語調態度方面有一定困難,其中B選項干擾性最大,因而我們推測,學生也許學會了用should來提建議,但卻未能注意到在提建議這個功能語用項目中,存在著語調強弱等問題。例2…Thesamethinghappensindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatbyothersformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.If44goeswrong,youwillfeelangrytoother’sstareatyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookatsomeonetoolongmayseemtoberudeandimpolite.45thingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostareattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksata46forhalfaminute,itmeansthathewishestoattractherattentionandmakeherknowthathe47her.Infact,someloversmaylikelookingateachotherforalongtimetoshowthe48thatwordscannotexpress.However,theusualeyefortwopeopleinthe49isthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelisteneronceinawhile,inorderto50thatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhatheisspeaking,totellhimthatheiscaringaboutthelistener.44. A.something B.anything C.nothing50. A.suggest B.show C.check學生在“完形填空”題中作答狀況較差一共有3個小題,第44、47、50小題。第44小題重要問題是忽視句子表達中必定與否定問題;而第50小題則是沒有對的地關聯執行動作主語與相應謂語動詞。上述兩個例子提示我們英語教師在輔導學生認真閱讀語料,對的理解語義時候,故意識地訓練和提高某些細節方面技巧。3.閱讀理解(1)總體得分狀況(表7)閱讀理解A篇B篇C篇D篇E篇滿分值501010101010難度值0.66630.7380.56140.7170.61890.6962(2)各小題詳細數據(表7-1)題號分值難度考查內容題號分值難度考查內容A篇100.738幽默故事6320.8565120.89186420.73755220.84796520.53865320.5517D篇100.6189社會時事5420.63566620.74575520.76286720.5905B篇100.5614語言/運動6820.62755620.50336920.41945720.73837020.71145820.6075E篇100.6962科普知識5920.54987120.8386020.4087220.8405C篇100.717節日文化7320.77876120.90547420.52046220.54757520.5032本來依照命題意圖,“閱讀理解”五篇文章是按照由易到難梯度排列,但從數據成果來看,學生在各篇文章體現水平并不如意想有序,并且,在某一篇文章里各個小題得分狀況也不是很均勻,命題沒有達到預設目的。通過對得分狀況最差B篇各小題數據分析后發現,重要問題是學生對該語篇設計背景知識比較陌生,詳細題目從設題角度來說并不太難,但由于缺少足夠背景知識,學生在進行理解判斷時候難度較大。這個問題提示我們英語教師,積累豐富背景知識在語言學習中,特別在閱讀理解中是最首要教學任務。(3)典型試題分析B…Oneofthemostexcitingtimesinfootballcomeswhenateamhasfailed,afterthreeattempts,tomovetheballforwardtenyards.Thentheteammusttakeanimportantdecision.Onechoiceistotryafourthandfinaltime.Iftheteamsucceeds,itkeepstheball,andcontinuestomoveforward.Butifitfails,theotherteamgetstheballatthatplaceonthefield.Thesecondchoiceistokicktheball.Theteamgivesuptheballifitmakesthischoice.Butagoodkickcanputtheotherteamatthefarendofthefield,makingitmoredifficultforthatteamtoscore.Peoplewatchingafootballgamearecertaintoshouttheiradvice.Somewillshout,“Kicktheball!”Butotherswillurgetheteamtotakeachance,tolivedangerously.“Goforit!”theywillshout.59.Afterfourattempts,ifateamfailstomovetheballforwardtenyards,they’ll______theball. A.keep B.lose C.kick60.Whenpeopleshout,“Goforit”,theyhopetheteamchoosesto______. A.kicktheball B.tryafourthtime C.giveuptheball依照語篇中劃線某些標示出來句子內容可以看出,正常理解和作答難度普通,缺少足夠背景知識很容易導致學生情緒變得煩躁而缺少耐心,甚至由于喪失自信心而最后導致讀題和解題失誤。4.情景交際運用(1)總體得分狀況(表8)情景交際運用語篇填詞情景提示寫句語篇填句滿分值20686難度值0.56310.5030.70330.4964(2)各小題詳細數據(表8-1)題號滿分平均分難度值區別度原則差滿分人數滿分率零分人數零分率8610.48420.48420.82910.491103080.4561112920.49978710.46530.46530.7620.413870580.312383770.37078810.37650.37650.84240.422958790.2602114430.50648910.65190.65190.75160.4647142130.628973350.32469010.67480.67480.90130.4651151030.668371790.31779110.36520.36520.77710.439664520.2855124660.55169221.31410.6570.73810.756192160.407841560.18399321.37430.68710.72550.8062121690.538547850.21179421.46860.73430.72210.7681130250.576439230.17369521.46950.73470.77920.8166144540.639646940.20779621.02550.51270.88280.9696102440.4533104760.46369721.16510.58250.84760.82280310.355463820.28249820.78780.39390.82660.831840710.1801110590.4894今年該題型預設難度有所減少,成果數據也顯示學生體現明顯好于去年。特別是“依照語篇情景,用恰當短語和或句子填空,使之意思完整”(即“語篇填句”)這個大題學生平均得分有很大提高。(3)典型試題分析例:VIII.依照對話情景,填入恰當單詞(即“語篇填詞”)A:Maria,Idon’tthinkyou’vebeenherebefore,haveyou?B:No,I’vetraveledtomany86._________inChina.ButthisisthefirsttimetocometoBeijing.A:Ihopethatyou’lllikeit.B:I’msureI87.__________.I’veheardalotabouttheGreatWallandI’vebeendreamingof88._________itforyears.NowI’mgladthatmydreamwillcometruefinally.A:I’dlovetotakeyoutogosightseeing.B:That’s89.__________.Thankyou.Bytheway,how’sthe90.__________thistimeofyear?A:It’susuallywarmandsunny.Itisthe91.________seasonoftheyearinBeijing.B:SoIcomehereattherighttime.A:Sure,youdo.第88和91兩個小題從語境和語義理解來說并沒有比其他小題難,但是學生得分狀況差了諸多,重要因素是需要考慮所填詞匯恰當形式。這個現象也許會成為某些教師片面強化語法教學和操練根據,因而這里我們提示人們注意,題目中所涉及“介詞+doing”和“形容詞最高檔”這兩個語法項目難度并不大,導致問題真正因素應當是:學生基本語言知識在大腦中不是直接與真實語義和語用功能有關聯,卻過度地與語言邏輯構造有關聯,這就導致了依賴于意義先行真實語用得同步隨著著二度語法構造思維,最后很容易互相干擾而顧此失彼。“語篇填句”閱卷教師也反映了下述狀況:學生對be動詞用法稍顯薄弱,例如“belateforschool”be動詞丟掉現象很嚴重,尚有時態錯誤也是最明顯,過去式和過去完畢時用法錯誤諸多等等。這些都是同類問題,需要我們更多科學思考和總結。此外,“情景提示寫句”閱卷組反饋了下述問題,并提出了某些想法和建議,僅供人們研討:*學生重要出錯地方:92.Whenwereyouborn? (were--wasborn--bronWhenwasheborn?)93.Howmuchisthebook? (Howmoney/Howmanymoney或漏掉is)94.Icanplaytheguitar. (guitar不會拼寫或拼寫錯誤。ca