2019【高考】英語一輪復習-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors精練-新人教版選修8PAGEPAGE4Unit5李仕才[基礎回顧]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisassumedthatstressismainlycausedbytoomuchwork.2．Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealternativeofbringingyourown.3．Shehaskeptupphysicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption(interrupt)．4．Themoreweareawareofthesignificance(significant)ofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.5．Ifyoustudyinasystematic(system)way,youwon'tleaveanythingout.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每句一錯1．Ihadnoalternativebutreporthimtotheheadteacher.report前加to2．Assumedthattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillhaveagoodharvest.Assumed→Assuming/Assume3．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.anyhow→somehow4．I'mverysorrytointerruptwithyou,butIhavesomethingveryimportanttotellyou.去掉with5．Thesignificanceattachingtoanationaldayisverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.attaching→attachedⅢ.佳句寫作1．他們急匆匆地到達公司，結果了解到他們被開除了。(onlyto作結果狀語)答案：Theyhurriedtothecompany，onlytolearnthattheywerefired.2．看看我們現在所處的困境。要是我們接受了他的建議就好了。(ifonly)答案：Lookatthetroubleweareinnow.Ifonlywehadtakenhisadvice.3．看，我的媽媽正在切碎包餃子的肉。(cutup)答案：Look，mymotheriscuttingupthemeatformakingdumplings.4．假設他在七點回來的話，我們就開會。(assume)答案：Assume/Assumingthathecomesbackatseven，wewillhaveameeting.5．盡管下大雨，醫護人員還是迅速地趕到事故現場。(inspiteof)答案：Inspiteoftheheavyrain，thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccident.[技能提升]Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheancientMayancivilizationcollapsedduetoacentury-longdrought,newresearchsuggests.MineralstakenfromBelize'sfamousunderwatercave，knownastheBlueHole，aswellaslagoons(環礁湖)nearby,showthatanextremedroughtoccurredbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,rightwhentheMayancivilizationended.Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth－buttheydisappearedagainafewcenturieslater,andthatdisappearanceoccurredatthesametimeasanotherdryperiod,thesediments(沉積物)reveal.Althoughthefindingsaren'tthefirsttotieadroughttotheendoftheMayanculture,thenewresultsstrengthenthecasethatdryperiodswereindeedthecause.That'sbecausethedatacomefromseveralspotsinaregioncentraltotheMayanheartland,saidstudyco-authorAndreDroxler,anEarthscientistatRiceUniversity.FromA.D.300toA.D．700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula.TheseancientMesoamericansbuiltgreatpyramids,masteredastronomy,anddevelopedbothawritingsystemandacalendarsystem,whichisfamousforpredictingthattheworldwouldendin2012.ButinthecenturiesafterA.D.700,thecivilization'sbuildingactivitiesslowedandtheculturefellintowarandunrest.Theevidenceforadroughthasbeengrowinginrecentyears.A2012studyinthejournalScienceanalyzeda2,000-year-oldstalagmite(石筍)fromacaveinsouthernBelizeandfoundthatsharpdecreasesinrainfallcoincidedwithperiodsofdeclineintheculture.Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole，Droxlersaid.Tolookforsignsofdrought,theteamdrilledthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon,aswellasoneintheRhomboidreef.Thelagoonsweresurroundedonallsidesbythickwallsofcoralreef.Duringstormsorwetterperiods,excesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams，overtopstheretainingwalls,andisdepositedinathinlayeratthetopofthelagoon.Fromthere,allthesedimentsfromthesestreamssettletothebottomofthelagoon,pilingontopofeachotherandleavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate.TheteamfoundthatduringtheperiodbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,whentheMayancivilizationcollapsed,therewerejustoneortwotropicalcyclones(氣旋)everytwodecades,asopposedtotheusualfiveorsix.Afterthat,theMayamovednorth,buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico.[語篇解讀]瑪雅文化如何消失是一個神秘話題。新研究發現：古瑪雅文化的消失可能與長達一個世紀的干旱有關。1．WhathappenedafteranextremedroughtbetweenA．D.800andA.D.1,000?A．TheMayansweresufferingaheavyflood.B．TheMayanssuddenlydisappearedfromtheearth.C．TheMayanswereoftenattackedbytropicalcyclones.D．TheMayansmovedtoplacesinwhatisnowcalledMexico.解析：D[細節理解題。根據第二段“Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth”和最后一段“Afterthat,theMayamovednorth，buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico”可知D為正確選項。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．TheachievementsoftheMayancivilization.B．ThepredictiontheMayancivilizationmade.C．TheeffectstheMayancivilizationhadonhumans.D．ThebackgroundwheretheMayancivilizationbegan.解析：A[段落大意題。根據第四段第一句“FromA．D.300toA.D.700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula”以及后面舉的例子可知本段主要介紹瑪雅文明的繁榮。]3．WhydidtheteamdrillthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon?A．TolearnhowtheBlueHolecameintobeing.B．Toknowwhatliesonthebottomofthelagoon.C．Tostudytherecordofthehistoricalclimate.D．Toseehowexcesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams.解析：C[細節理解題。根據第七段第一句“Tolookforsignsofdrought”和最后一句“leavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate”可知C為正確選項。]4．WhatdidAndreDroxlerthinkoftheanalysisofthe2,000-year-oldstalagmite?A．Amazing. B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable. D．Unreliable.解析：D[推理判斷題。根據第六段最后一句“Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole,Droxlersaid”可知來自一個洞穴的數據，很難對整個地區做出正確的預測。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·河北衡水中學一模)WhileIwaswaitinginlineatacoffeeshopearlier,awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板車).Therewasonlya__1__spacebetweenthelineofpeopleandthetables,whichshe__2__todrivealong.Shedroveovermyfootanddidn't__3__sayingnothingatall.Igotannoyedandexpectedshewouldhave__4__，butthenIjustdecidedto__5__itandgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(點心)togowithmycoffee.TheladyandIendedupsittingatadjacent(鄰近的)tables.Shewasontheendofarowsothatshecouldparkher__6__.Afterabouthalfanhour，whenshehad__7__hercoffee,shegotupandbackontoherscooter.It__8__start.Shetriedtoturnthekeyseveraltimes__9__shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(購買)itfrom.Anengineer__10__within5minutes.Theplacemusthavebeenlocal.Icouldn't__11__overhearing(偷聽)theirconversation,anditturnedoutshehadjust__12__thescooterthatmorning.Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit.Shefeltreally__13__aboutdrivingit.__14__，shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed,norits__15__，andthiscombinationmadeitquite__16__todriveitthroughnarrowgaps.Suddenly，Ifelt__17__forthelady.Itreallydidn't__18__meatallthatshe'ddrivenovermyfoot.Ihadmadeanassumption,__19__，thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize.Nexttimeyou'reaboutto__20__someone，pauseforasecondandremindyourselfthatpeoplehavejudgedyouwithoutknowingwhatwasgoingoninyourmindoryourlife.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要講述了作者在被一個第一次騎踏板車的女性軋到腳，又目睹了對方騎車時的不安以及無法啟動車子的遭遇后，開始變得同情對方并最終原諒對方的故事。1．A.private B．vastC．public D．narrow解析：D[考查形容詞辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，人群與桌子之間的空間狹小。D項意為“狹窄的”，符合語境。A項意為“私有的，私人的”；B項意為“巨大的”；C項意為“公共的”，均與語境不符。]2．A.attempted B．promisedC．declined D．guaranteed解析：A[考查動詞辨析。根據上文可知，人群與桌子之間的空間很狹小；又根據下文中的“drivealong”以及“Shedroveovermyfoot”可知，她試圖從中穿過。A項意為“試圖”，attempttodosth.意為“試圖做某事”，符合語境。B項意為“承諾”；C項意為“拒絕”；D項意為“保證”，均與語境不符。]3．A.callback B．giveupC．lookback D．cheerup解析：C[考查動詞短語辨析。根據語境可知，她從作者的腳上面開了過去，沒有回頭看一下，并且什么都沒有說。A項意為“回電話”；B項意為“放棄”；C項意為“回頭看一下，回顧”；D項意為“使振作起來”。]4．A.ignored B．apologizedC．explained D．forgiven解析：B[考查動詞辨析。根據第三段最后一句中的“thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize”可知，作者當時很生氣，希望她能道歉。A項意為“忽視，不理會”；B項意為“道歉”；C項意為“解釋”；D項意為“原諒”。]5．A.dismiss B．makeC．replace D．inspect解析：A[考查動詞辨析。根據該句“Igotannoyedand...andgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(點心)togowithmycoffee.”并結合語境可知，前后表示轉折，作者起初很生氣，希望這位婦女能道歉，可一會兒之后，便不再理會這件事，開始認真挑選自己的點心了。A項意為“不予理會，不予考慮”；B項意為“制作”；C項意為“代替”；D項意為“視察，檢查”。]6．A.truck B．bikeC．car D．scooter解析：D[考查名詞辨析。根據文章第一句“...awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板車)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是可以停放她的踏板車，此處與開頭的“scooter”照應。]7．A.poured B．finishedC．ordered D．purchased解析：B[考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“shegotupandbackontoherscooter”并結合語境可知，此處應指她喝完了咖啡然后起身去騎踏板車。A項意為“傾，倒”；B項意為“完成”；C項意為“命令，訂購，點(酒菜等)”；D項意為“購買”。]8．A.needn't B．shouldn'tC．wouldn't D．mustn't解析：C[考查情態動詞辨析。根據下文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(購買)itfrom”以及第二段第一句“Anengineer__10__within5minutes.”可知，踏板車壞了，啟動不了。由此可知，C項“wouldn't”符合語境。A項意為“不必”；B項意為“不應該”；D項意為“禁止”，均與語境不符。]9．A.so B．untilC．unless D．before解析：D[考查連詞辨析。根據語境可知，她在給賣踏板車的地方打電話之前，又嘗試轉動了幾下鑰匙。A項意為“因此”；B項意為“直到”；C項意為“除非”；D項意為“在……之前”。]10．A.brokein B．turnedupC．ranaway D．settleddown解析：B[考查動詞短語辨析。根據上文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(購買)itfrom”可知，在給賣踏板車的地方打電話之后，工程師在五分鐘之內就到了。A項意為“闖入，打斷”；B項意為“出現，露面，到達”；C項意為“逃跑”；D項意為“定居，安定下來”。]11．A.tolerate B．allowC．resist D．postpone解析：C[考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“overhearing(偷聽)theirconversation”并結合語境可知，作者忍不住偷聽了他們的談話。A項意為“容忍”；B項意為“允許”；C項意為“抵制”；D項意為“推遲”。can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.意為“忍不住做某事”，符合語境。]12．A.collectedB.stolenC．fixed D．abandoned解析：A[考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，她那天上午剛從店里取了車，這是她第一次把它騎出來。A項意為“收集，領走”；B項意為“偷”；C項意為“固定，修理”；D項意為“放棄，遺棄”。]13．A.concerned B．excitedC．confident D．nervous解析：D[考查形容詞辨析。根據下文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”并結合常識可知，這是她第一次騎踏板車，所以她應該是很緊張。A項意為“擔心的，憂慮的”；B項意為“興奮的”；C項意為“有信心的”；D項意為“緊張的”。]14．A.Doubtfully B．CertainlyC．Fortunately D．Surprisingly解析：B[考查副詞辨析。根據上文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，這是她第一次騎踏板車出門，當然會不習慣它的車速。A項意為“懷疑地”；B項意為“當然，肯定”；C項意為“幸運地”；D項意為“吃驚地”。]15．A.width B．lengthC．weight D．height解析：A[考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”和下文中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，她既不習慣車速，也不習慣它的寬度。width意為“寬度”，與下文中的“narrowgaps”照應，符合語境。]16．A.cool B．convenientC．stressful D．desperate解析：C[考查形容詞辨析。根據語境可知，她那天早上是第一次騎踏板車出門，她既不習慣它的車速，也不習慣它的寬度，這讓她在狹小的空間里駕馭踏板車很有壓力。A項意為“涼爽的，冷靜的，酷的”；B項意為“方便的”；C項意為“有壓力的”；D項意為“令人絕望的，極度渴望的”。]17．A.pleasure B．regretC．appreciation D．sympathy解析：D[考查名詞辨析。根據語境并結合上文描述這位女士騎車時的艱難可知，當了解到實情后，作者突然對這個婦女的遭遇感到同情。A項意為“快樂”；B項意為“后悔”；C項意為“感激，欣賞”；D項意為“同情”。]18．A.strike B．botherC．satisfy D．motivate解析：B[考查動詞辨析。作者在知道了這位婦女的情況之后，很同情她，也不再惱火她軋到了自己的腳。A項意為“給人印象，讓人覺得”；B項意為“煩擾，使惱怒”；