2014考研英語閱讀專項沖刺練習及答案(七)“Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitatwork,atitsmostintense.”VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics,sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliteraryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe“poetic”novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.ButVirginiaWoolfwasarealisticaswellasapoeticnovelist,asatiristandsocialcriticaswellasavisionary:literarycritics’cavalierdismissalofWoolf’ssocialvisionwillnotwithstandscrutiny.Inhernovels,Woolfisdeeplyengagedbythequestionsofhowindividualsareshaped(ordeformed)bytheirsocialenvironments,howhistoricalforcesimpingeonpeople’slives,howclass,wealth,andgenderhelptodeterminepeople’sfates.Mostofhernovelsarerootedinarealisticallyrenderedsocialsettingandinaprecisehistoricaltime.Woolf’sfocusonsocietyhasnotbeengenerallyrecognizedbecauseofherintenseantipathytopropagandainart.Thepicturesofreformersinhernovelsareusuallysatiricorsharplycritical.EvenwhenWoolfisfundamentallysympathetictotheircauses,sheportrayspeopleanxioustoreformtheirsocietyandpossessedofamessageorprogramasarrogantordishonest,unawareofhowtheirpoliticalideasservetheirownpsychologicalneeds.(HerWriter’sDiarynotes:“theonlyhonestpeoplearetheartists,”whereas“thesesocialreformersandphilanthropists…harbor…discreditabledesiresunderthedisguiseoflovingtheirkind…”)Woolfdetestedwhatshecalled“preaching”infiction,too,andcriticizednovelistD.H.Lawrence(amongothers)forworkingbythismethod.Woolf’sownsocialcriticismisexpressedinthelanguageofobservationratherthanindirectcommentary,sinceforher,fictionisacontemplative,notanactiveart.Shedescribesphenomenaandprovidesmaterialsforajudgmentaboutsocietyandsocialissues;itisthereader’sworktoputtheobservationstogetherandunderstandthecoherentpointofviewbehindthem.Asamoralist,Woolfworksbyindirection,subtlyunderminingofficiallyacceptedmores,mocking,suggesting,callingintoquestion,ratherthanasserting,advocating,bearingwitness:hersisthesatirist’sart.Woolf’sliterarymodelswereacutesocialobserverslikeChekhovandChaucer.AssheputitinTheCommonReader,“ItissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”LikeChaucer,Woolfchosetounderstandaswellastojudge,toknowhersocietyrootandbranch—adecisioncrucialinordertoproduceartratherthanpolemic.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?[A]PoetryandSatireasInfluencesontheNovelsofVirginiaWoolf.[B]VirginiaWoolf:CriticandCommentatorontheTwentieth-CenturyNovel.[C]TrendsinContemporaryReformMovementsasaKeytoUnderstandingVirginiaWoolf’sNovels.[D]VirginiaWoolf’sNovels:CriticalReflectionsontheIndividualandonSociety.2.Inthefirstparagraphofthetext,theauthor’sattitudetowardtheliterarycriticsmentionedcanbestbedescribedas[A]disparaging.[B]ironic.[C]facetious.[D]skepticalbutresigned.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatWoolfchoseChaucerasaliteraryexamplebecauseshebelievedthat[A]ChaucerwasthefirstEnglishauthortofocusonsocietyasawholeaswellasonindividualcharacters.[B]Chaucerwasanhonestandforthrightauthor,whereasnovelistslikeD.H.Lawrencedidnotsincerelywishtochangesociety.[C]Chaucerwasmoreconcernedwithunderstandinghissocietythanwithcallingitsacceptedmoresintoquestion.[D]Chaucer’swritingwasgreatly,ifsubtly,effectiveininfluencingthemoralattitudesofhisreaders.4.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemostprobablereasonWoolfrealisticallydescribedthesocialsettinginthemajorityofhernovelswasthatshe[A]wasawarethatcontemporaryliterarycriticsconsideredthenoveltobethemostrealisticofliterarygenres.[B]wasinterestedintheeffectofaperson’ssocialmilieuonhisorhercharacterandactions.[C]neededtobeasattentivetodetailaspossibleinhernovelsinordertosupporttheargumentssheadvancedinthem.[D]wantedtoshowthatapainstakingfidelityintherepresentationofrealitydidnotinanywayhampertheartist.5.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestexpressesthesenseoftheword“contemplative”asitisusedinline2,paragraph4ofthetext?[A]Graduallyelucidatingtherationalstructuresunderlyingacceptedmores.[B]Reflectingonissuesinsocietywithoutprejudiceoremotionalcommitment.[C]Avoidingtheaggressiveassertionoftheauthor’sperspectivetotheexclusionofthereader’sjudgment.[D]Conveyingabroadviewofsocietyasawholeratherthanfocusingonanisolatedindividualconsciousness.[答案與考點解析]1.【答案】D【考點解析】這是一道中心主旨題。本文的中心主旨句在首段的尾句，結合每段的主題句，我們可以推斷出本文是在講“VirginiaWoolf”的小說以及其小說對個人與社會之