高考7選51.7選5的命題分析

本題型的內容是一篇總長度為500~600詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生依據文章內容從這6~7段文字中選擇出5個答案，分別放進文章中5個空白處。

此題型所考文章不僅長度上長于閱讀理解A節中的文章(每篇約400~450詞)，閱讀量大，而且在文字難度和做題要求上也都高于A節。A節中的文章是完整的，在通讀文章或查讀細微環節時，思路不會被打斷。而此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，假如不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個空填錯勢必又影響到對另外一個空的選擇。另外，此題有5個空白處，卻供應6~7個選項(依據大綱)，因此有1~2個選項是多余的干擾選項，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。2.7選5的考察要點

這一考查題型對閱讀理解提出了更高層次的要求，即不僅要有閱讀速度，要對所讀文章的主旨要義、詳細信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要駕馭作者的寫作意圖、觀點，區分出論點和論據，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結構和脈絡層次，只有了解了這一切，才能比較精確地確定應當選擇哪個選項。

不過，只要了解了這種新題型所考查的要點，出題位置，在閱讀文章時有意識地加強對文章寫作思路和結構組織支配的理解，駕馭英語文章常見的幾種寫作結構，對快速增加此類新題型的應對實力還是特別有幫助的。

3文章結構

(a)描述性結構(主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，對人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長過程、特性愛好、成就貢獻等內容進行描述，因此時間、地點往往是出題重點)

(b)釋義性結構(說明某一理論、學科、事物，主要用例子比方類比闡述)

(c)比較性結構(把兩個人或事物功能、特點、優缺點進行對比)

(d)緣由性結構(這種結構主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、干脆的、間接的)

(e)駁斥性結構(這種結構主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評論或駁斥，然后分析其優點缺點、危害性、最終闡明自己的觀點)

4.7選5的解題步驟

1)快速閱讀全文要點詞句，包括首尾段、首尾句以與獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉折詞的句子等，目的是駕馭文章的主要內容。

但是由于文章中空缺了五處，而且有的地方空缺的是幾句話甚至是一整段，文章的整個結構和邏輯是被打斷了的，因此在短時間內駕馭文章要點或邏輯思路是很困難的。因此這一步可能對許多考生來說會花費許多時間。假如感覺困難而且收獲不大，可干脆進入其次步，即一起先就邊閱讀邊分析做題。

2)邊讀邊做題，重點閱讀各個問題旁邊的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項中找尋相關的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時可以采納代入解除法。假如一題做不出或拿不準，可先放過，接著往下讀，先做簡單的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關系應基本清晰了。

3)重新閱讀相關詞句，重點做剛才沒做出的題或不確定的題，此時可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用解除法。同時檢查核對已選出的答案，看文章從內容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇結構上是否通順連貫、具有一樣性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明白，格式以與用語是否恰當貼切。假如所選的答案可以滿意上述標準，則表明各個問題的答案基本正確。4）．比較兩類關鍵詞：將7個選項的關鍵詞與5個空的前后句中的關鍵詞進行比較，匹配的是正確答案。詳細方法：1．閱讀各個空的前后句，標記關鍵詞在閱讀文章的起先部分、明確文章的基本話題以后，要閱讀五個空自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關鍵詞標登記來。關鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組），專出名詞、時間數字、代詞、連詞等。2．閱讀各個選項，尤其是選項的首句，標記關鍵詞3．比較并匹配上述兩類關鍵詞，確定答案4．將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來是否通順。例文：51Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou．52.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin．Ifyougotosleeponyourback，you’reaveryopenperson．Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionornewideas．Youdon’tliketodispleasepeople．Soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings．53Ifyousleeponyourstomach，youarearathersecretiveperson．Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilyupset．Youalwayssticktoyourownopinionsorjudgment，butyouaren’tveryambitious(上進心)．54.Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime．Ifyousleepcurledup，youareprobablyaverynervousperson．Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandsoyou’reoftendelusive．You’reshyandyoudon’tnormallylikemeetingpeople．Youprefertoonyourown，You’reeasilyhurt．Ifyousleeponyourside．yonhaveusuallygotawell—balancedpersonality．55.Yon’reusuallycareful．Youbelieveinyourself．Yonsometimesfeelanxious，butyoudon’toftengetsad．Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitmakespeopleratherangry.A.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tquitesureofyourself．B．Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness．C.NormallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingpositionD.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithapersonwhosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow．G.Inanormalnight，ofcourse，peoplefrequentlychangetheirpositions．七選五解題策略七選五解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種連接手段。連接手段分為三種：詞匯連接、邏輯連接、結構連接（詳細如下）。一．詞匯連接又可以詳細分為三種：代詞、同義詞/近義詞、上下義詞/同一范疇詞對應關系。

1.代詞：英語表達中的代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提與的名詞或形容詞概念，奇妙利用這樣的指代關系和依據代詞的單復數差異可以精確而快速地解題。

例題：…Thenewdesignwaswellreceivedbythereceptionstaffofthehotelchain._________

正確選項句子為：Theyallbelievethatitsintroductionhasledtoamodern,moreprofessionalcorporateimageandgreaterconfidenceamongthem.

例題分析：選項中的they是一個復數人數主格代詞，對應空格前句中的staff。staff是一個集合名詞（全體員工），是個復數概念。代詞中有一類叫不定代詞，常見的有：one,everyone,everybody,each,both,all,many,these,this等，特殊要留意它們所指代的名詞概念的單復數性質，考生假如對此比較敏感，對解題有很大的幫助。

例題：Itisimportant,therefore,thatweshouldknowwhatpeopleusingourstoreswantofus.__________Duringthepasttwoyears,wehavebeenworkinghardtoimprovethestandardofourproductsinboththeseareas.

正確選項句子為：Theresearchmadebythecompanyshowsthat,aboveallelse,customersexpectfashionandvalue.

例題分析：空格后的句末inboththeseareas中both這個不定代詞提示考生空格中確定出現兩個并列的名詞概念，即fashionandvalue。當然該題也可通過同義詞對應解題：選項中的expect對應空格前的want,表“需求”。

2.同義詞/近義詞：英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復運用，這是我們解題的一個很好的推斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉與的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

例題：LauraAshleymadeafortunebylookingbacktopastcenturies,searchingforolddesignstodecorateavarietyofclothesandhouseholdfurnishings._____.

正確的選項是：ThesetraditionalproductscreatedahugewaveofdemandfromtheStatesandelsewhere.

例題分析：空格前句中的old和選項中的traditional是近義詞，是很明顯的同義對應關系。

有的時候，假如選項中出現空格前后句里相同的詞匯，尤其是實詞（特殊是名詞），這往往是很好的提示。這就是所謂的同詞重復現象。例題：51Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou．正確選項為Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal．例題分析：空格后句和空格里都出現了personality，secret，在讀選項的時候很簡單留意到這個同詞重復的解題線索。3.上下義詞/同一范疇詞：什么是上下義詞和同一范疇詞？舉個例子你們就明白了。Fruit和apple之間就是上下義詞，因為前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。Apple和orange之間則是同一范疇的關系，都屬于fruit。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系經常可以很輕松地解題。

例題：ArecentlystudybyAmericanmanagementinstituteshowsthattheprocessingofdocumentstakesup60%ofofficeworks’time,40%oflaborcostsandupto10%ofbusinessincome.______.正確的選項是：Thesefiguresarehardlysurprisingsincedocumentsconveynine-tenthsofallinformation.

例題分析：選項中的thesefigures提示我們前句確定出現了大于等于三個數字，figure/number/data等都是表示“數字、數據”的意思，空格前面出現了三個百分數，屬于數字的一種，是上下義詞的關系。

例題：Certainkeyproductshavebeensubjecttoathoroughreview,mostnotablymenswear,wheresignificantadvanceshavebeenmadeinproductdesignandmanufacture.____________.Allofthesehavereportedanincreaseinmarketshare.

正確的選項是：Otherareaswhereproductinnovationhasbeenparticularlyeffectiveareinlingerie,（女士內衣）giftsandhomeware.例題分析：空格后句開頭的allofthese提示我們空格里面確定出現大于等于三個并列的名詞概念，正是選項中的lingerie（女士內衣）,gifts（禮品）andhomeware（家居用品），這三個名詞與前句中的menswear(男士服裝)屬于同一范疇類的事物，都是百貨商店中的常見商品類別。從這道例題我們還能得出這樣一個有用的結論：許多題目的連接可能不止一個，我們可以從不同的角度來解題或對答案進行驗證。4)數字線索：包括詳細數字以與和數字相關的詞匯諸如numbers,rate等等。作者列出數字，除了和其他數字進行對比和比較之外，還可以用數據來說明一個觀點。Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores．

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Ofthe11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruit．Inaddition,eachjuiceboxcontainednearlyeightteaspoonsofsugar．

正確答案為Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn'tcontainanyfruitatall．從數字60percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空與數字有關。再從空中的them和空后的the11products可以推想前面提到了products.二．邏輯連接依據前后句之間的邏輯關系又細分為：說明關系、例證關系、因果關系、順逆關系。1.說明關系：前后句之間含有說明的邏輯關系，這樣的邏輯關系是很隱藏的。例題______that’swhyIdon’twearawhitecoat.正確選項：Hehastriedtocreateanenvironmentwherepeoplearenotafraid

例題分析：后面說不穿白大褂，前面則為說明的緣由。2.例證關系：前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質而言無非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點）的辯證關系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。例題：Managershouldprovideregularfeedbacktotheirstaff.______.正確選項：Forexample,whengoodworkhasbeendoneitmustbepraised.例題分析：選項是對前句舉了一個特別明顯的例子。3.因果關系：前后句的邏輯是因果關系，常見的邏輯表達有：because,for,since,as,thereasonisthat，resultin/from,bedueto,beattributedto等等。還有一些表示因果邏輯關系的表達是比較隱藏的，如：underlie（前者構成后者的基礎，實際是前者是因，后者是果），再如：inresponseto(前者作為后者的回應，即后者是因，前者是果)。

例題：Thereisnodoubtthat,inanincreasinglycompetitivetradingenvironment,wearebetterequippedthanevertocompeteandtowinandwefeelincreasinglyoptimistic.______.

正確選項：Thisisduetoournowhavingaclearstrategy（戰略）withafocusonthecustomer,productimprovement

例題分析：選項句中有一個特別重要的形容詞clear，這個詞足以說明該公司的strategy(戰略)是正確的，一家公司有著清晰而正確的戰略思想當然會使其蒸蒸日上。空格前面一句正是講的該公司躊躇滿志，特別樂觀。空格句開頭的thisisdueto反映出這樣的因果邏輯關系。4.順逆關系：英語行文中后句對前句不是順承邏輯關系就是逆轉邏輯關系，這是明顯的常識。假如空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。

例題：knowasGlasgow’smostfashionabledentist,正確選項Jeromeiskeentopointoutthathetakeshisworkveryseriously.：.例題分析：空格前句作者用了一個as引起的倒裝表示盡管他是城里最時尚的牙醫，但人家對工作可是（takeseriously），不是繡花枕頭。所以考生可以在備選項中搜尋轉折邏輯的各種表達法，很快就能找出正確的選項。邏輯關系線索詞匯

(a)并列與遞進關系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore(b)因果關系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse(c)轉折讓步關系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof(d)時間關系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith以與一些詳細的時間。三：出題位置1)假如問題在段首(a)通常是段落主題句。仔細閱讀后文內容，依據段落一樣性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。(b)與后文是并列、轉折、因果關系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最終一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密連接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的連接手段，尤其當選項是幾句話時。比如，假如選項中出現時間年頭時，往往要留意與原文中年頭的前后對應關系。(c)段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結尾有機地連接起來，并結合下一段內容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內容連貫起來。2)假如問題在段尾(a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關鍵詞。(b)通常是結論、概括性語句。留意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語，選項中也可發覺前文的同義詞句。(c)與前文是轉折或對比關系。此時要留意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的關聯詞，同時留意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關系。(d)與前文是并列或排比關系。在這種狀況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細微環節，因此依據段落一樣性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關的特征詞，通常在選項中會出現表示并列/遞進關系的關聯詞或與前文類似的句式結構，或出現同義詞等其他信號線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特殊留意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會找到關鍵的線索詞句。(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內容。假如在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有確定的連接。仔細閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最終一句緊密連接起來。(f)假如第一段的段尾是空白，要仔細閱讀，看此處是細微環節還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，假如在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來，正確答案中應有這樣的特征詞。例文一Mostdrinksstatingthattheyarefruit-flavored（水果味道的）containnofruitatall,whilemostoftherestcontainonlyasmallquantityoffruit,accordingtoastudycarriedbytheBritishFoodCommission．

"Shoppersneedtocheckthelabels（標簽）beforebuyingdrinks,thoughsometimestheactualcontentcanbenon-existent,"saidFoodCommissionspokespersonLanTokelove．"Foodproductionishighlycompetitive．___71__Itwillincreaseprofits,andconsumerswon'talwaysrealizetheyarebeingtricked."

Flavoringsarefocusedontheflavorsofnaturalfoodproductssuchasfruits,meatsandvegetables,orcreatingflavorforfoodproductsthatdonothavethedesiredflavors．Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores．

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Ofthe11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruit．Inaddition,eachjuiceboxcontainednearlyeightteaspoonsofsugar．

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Let'stakejamasanexample.Somestrawberry-flavoredjamwaslabeledascontainingnoartificialcolors,flavors,orsweeteners,butitcontainedabsolutelynostrawberriesatall.

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Consumershavetherightstoknowclearlyaboutwhattheyhavebought．UndercurrentUKlaw.Foodpackagesdononothavetodistinguishbetweennaturalandartificialflavoring."Describingaproductasstrawberryflavorandcoveringthesurfaceofthepackedwithpicturesofstawberriesismisleading.

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Unfortunatcly,itisalsolegalandwidespread,"Tokelovesaid.

A．Theproductswhichcontainrealfruitarepopularwithpeople．

B．Evenproductsadvertisedasmorenaturaloftencontainednofruit．

C．Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn'tcontainanyfruitatall．

D．Ifcompaniescancuttheircostsbyusingflavoring,theyarelikelytodoso．

E．Itisimportantandnecessarytodemandasmallamountofflavoringintheproducts．

F．Actuallytheproductcontainsjustatinypercentageofstrawberryorevennofruitatall．

G．TheFoodCommissionsuggestedallflavorsusedinaproductshouldbelistedonthepackaging.利用代詞線索范文（二）閱讀下列短文，依據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。OnatypicalhotAugustdayinXianyouCounty,FujianProvince,ZengDemei,aretiredworkerinhisseventies,hurriesdownabusystreet．Inhishandisablackleatherbag．Zengopenshisbag,takingouttwoforms．71_____. Eachoftheformscontainsdetailedinformationofastudent．Onhisarrivaltwohourslaterawomangreetshimandleadshimtoherofficewhereanothermaniswaiting．Theyarethetwovillageofficials．TheyinspecttheformshandedtothembyZengandimmediatelyrecognizethegirls．72_____"It’sapitybutitdoesn'tmatter．"saysZeng,whowastesnotimeindecidingtolookfortheremainingchild,SuQiuju． Afterhalfanhour,theystopoutsideasmallhousemadeofmudbrick．Amiddle-agedmanandagirlinafadedpinkdressgreetthem．SuQiujuiseightyearsold．Shewasforcedtodropoutofschoolafterbothherparentsdied．Sheisnowlivingwithherunclewhocannotaffordhisownchildren'seducation．However,theyearofeducationSuQiujudidcompletewasasuccessfulone．73_____． Whentheyareabouttoleave,Zengsays,"Imustfindasupporterforthisgirltosponsorhereducation．"Zenghasmadeithisretirementtasktohelpchildrencompletetheirschooling．Backin1999,Zengtookpartinacampaignstartedbythelocalwomen'sorganizationtohelpstudentsfrompoorfamilies．74_ Histaskhadbegunandsincethenhehasspenthistimepersuadinghisfriendsandneighborsandotherstodonatemoney．"Tome,children'seducationisthemostimportant．75IhavetofindsufficientfundingbeforetheschoolopensinSeptember．" Whenaskedhowlonghewillkeepuphisvitalworkasthecommunity'sguardianangel,hehasasimplereply．"Notuntilmyeyescan'tsee,andmyfeetcan'tmove．"A．TheywerehavingproblemswiththeirschoolworkB．Theseareforthetwogirlshe'sgoingtovisitthismorningC．Theyliveinasmallvillagenotveryfar,thoughonlyoneofthegirlsisstilllivingathomeD．Shedisplayedatalentforhandwriting,writingherthree-characternameneatlyandbeautifullyE．ThethoughtofstudentsdroppingoutofschoolbothersmesomuchthatIcan'tgettosleepatnightF．Ofcourse,somepeoplequestionwhyIwouldwanttogiveupmyretirementtogotosomuchtroubleG．Hewassoovercomebythetoughsituationofmanypoorchildrenthathedonatedallhismoneytohelpoutagirl（三）下面再從邏輯關系上看一篇文章（2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題）Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways71Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.72Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.73Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.●

Writeyournotesinyourownwords.●

74●

Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速記).Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.75A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.（四）Muzak

Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear

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It’ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit’snotexactlythesame.That’sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon’tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.

Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled"elevator(電梯)music"becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname"Muzak".Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.

72

IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon’twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why

73

Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.

74

Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.

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.Theysayit’sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!

A.Somepeopledon’tlikeMuzak.

B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.

C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.

D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.

E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.

F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.

G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.（五）Thewife-carryingWorldChampionshiphasbeencelebratedinasmalltownincentralFinlandsince1992.In1992,thepeopleofthetowndecidedtorestartsomelong-forgottentraditions.71Hewassaidtoonlyacceptmenasmembersofhisgangwhoprovedtheirworthinchallenges.Atthattime,itwasalsoacommonpracticetostealwomenfromneighboringvillages.72Alargenumberofcompetitors,people,andjournalistsfromFinlandtoCanadaattendtheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipeveryyear.73TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipisheldona253.3meterslongofficialtrack.Thetrackhastwodryobstaclesandawaterobstacle,aboutameterdeep.Thewifetobecarriedmaybeyourown,oryourneighbor’s.Theminimumweightofthewifetobecarriedis49kg.Ifsheislessthan49kg.Ifsheislessthan49kg,thewifewillbegivenaheavybagtocarry.Eachtimeacompetitordropshiswife,thatcouplewillbefined15seconds.74AlongsidewiththeWife-carringWorldChampionship,thereisalsoateamcompetition.Thedistanceisthesamebutthreemenintheteamcarrythewifeinturns.Attheexchangepointthecarrierhastodrinkofficial“wife-carryingdrink.”Thenhemaycontinuetherace.75WhiletheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipisbeingheld,therearebandsplayingmusic,awifecarryingdanceandotherformsofentertainment. A．Thereareafewbasicrules. B．Peopleeverywhereholdtheevent. C．Aspecialprizeisawardedtotheteam. D．Doyouknowhowthesetraditionsrestarted E．Thiseventisbecomingincreasinglypopular. F．Thewinneristhecouplewhocompletethecourseintheshortesttime. G．Backinthelate1800s,therewasarobbercalledRosvo-Ronkaineninthatarea.（六）TheMississippi TheMississippiisagreatriverwhoserelationshipwithmangoeswaybackbeyonditsdiscoveryinthe16thcentury.TheRiverIndiansuseditasahighwayandasasourceoffood,anditwastheywhogaveititsname—“misi”meaning“great”and“sipi”meaning“water”．Whenthelengthofitsbranch,theMissouri,isaddedtoit,theMississippibecomesgreater.71.FromthesourceoftheMissouritothetipofthedelta(三角洲),itis2,480mileslong. Greatriversarelikelytosufferfloods.In1927theMississippiflooded26thousandacres,sweepingawayfarms,towns,everythinginitspath.In1938itsfloodsdrownedorkilled200peopleandmademillionshomeless.Todaytheriverhaslargelybeencontrolled.72. Industrieshavespreaddownsomeofthewaterwaysofthedelta,butotherwisethedeltaisaremoteplace,thehomelandofalittlecolonyofFrenchCanadiansthattheBritishdroveoutofNovaScotiainthe18thcentury.TheystillspeakFrench,mixedwithEnglish,Indian,SpanishandNegroidioms.Theykeeptothemselves,fanningtherichsoilofthedelta.73. 74.Pioneerswhofirstreacheditsbankswonderednotonlywhereitwent,butwhatlaybeyond.In1764theFrenchfoundedacityontherightbankoftheriver,andnameditaftertheirking,LouisXV.Thiscity,namedSt.Louis,becamethejumping-offplacefortheadventurousmenandwomenwhoopeneduptheGreatPlains,andthewaytotheFarWest. Some40yearsearlier,atthebeginningofthe18thcentury,theFrenchhadfoundedanothercityjustabovetheMississippidelta,NewOrleans.75.NewOrleansisoneofthegreatportsoftheworld,andoneofthegreatestterminalsforbothseaandrivertraffic. A．ItwastheMississippithatmadethecitywhatitis B．Levees,highbanksbuiltofearth,holdbackthefloodwaters C．Therefore,asweknow,it’sthethirdlongestriverintheworld D．Itisknownthatthe“GreatWater”hasalsobeenafrontierriver E．However,theypaddledupanddowntheMississippiintheirboatstoseektheirfortune F．The“GreatWater”alwaysremainsathread,forthestreetsofthecityarebelowthelevel oftheriver G．TheycallthemselvesCajuns,whohaveactuallybeenleadingfairlyprimitivelivesand preservingtheirowntraditions（七）IfyouwalkintoW.LloydJerome’sdentalsurgery(手術)inGlasgow,you’llseebrightpaintingsandafashionablebluecouchwhichpatientssitonwhilehecheckstheirteeth.Jeromesays,‘That’sbecausethey’refrightened.’ 71‘That’swhyIdon’twearawhitecoat.Ifindthat’soneofthethingsthatpeopleassociatewithpain.Infact,myphilosophyisthatdentaltreatmentshouldtakeplaceinanatmosphereofrelaxation,interestand,aboveall,enjoyment.’ Whichisallhighlyshockingforanyonewhoassociatesdentaltreatmentwithpain,orattheveryleast,formal,chinicalvisits.Hesays,‘Ifpeoplearerelaxed,entertainedandcorrectlytreated,theywillforgetsuchpreviousunpleasantexperiences.’ Virtual-realityheadsetsareoneofhisnewrelaxationtechniques,‘72Theheadsetsareusedforthefirstcheck–up,wherethepatientsitsonthebluecouchandwatchesanunderwearfilmwhileIlookattheirteeth.“Thentheheadsetswitchestoaspecialcamera,togivethepatientavisualtouraroundtheirmouth.’ Anotherkeypointisthatthesurgerysmellsmorelikeaperfumeshopthanadentist’s.Todaythereisthesmelloforange.“Whenpeoplewalkin,Iwantthemtorealizewithalltheirsensesthatit’snotlikegoingtodentist’s.Smellisveryimportant.73’ KnownasClasgow’smostfashionabledentist,Jeromeiskeentopointoutthathetakeshisworkveryseriously.‘74’ Forexample,Jeromeusesaspecialinstrumentwhichsprayswarmwaterontheteethtocleanthem,ratherthanscrapingthem.‘Itfeelsabitstrange,butaslongaspeoplearerelaxed,it’snotpainful.’ 75‘OneofthethingsIfoundouttherewasthatwhenyoumakeiteasierforthepatient,youmakeiteasierforyourself’Heseeshispatient–centredattitudeasthestartofagradualmovementtowardslessformalityintheconservativeBritishdentistryprofession. Atthatmoment,apatientarrives.Jeromerushesover,offershimacupoftea,askeshimwhatvideohe’dliketowatchandleadshimgentlytowardsthechair. A.Fiveyearsago,JeromewenttotheUnitedStatestodoresearch. B.Hehastriedtocreateanenvironmentwherepeoplearenotafraid. C.Therelaxationtechniquesareimportantbutthequalityofthetreatmentisthemostimportantthing. D.WewerethefirstpracticeinBritaintointroducethem. E.Nowtheylookforwardtotheirvisitshere. F.Thatdentalsmellofsurgicalspiritcangettheheartracinginminutesifyou’refrightenedofdentists. G.Fiftypercentofthepopulationonlygotothedentistwhenthey’reinpain.（八）Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives，andalthoughwemaytakethefactoffriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithanumberofpeople,71．Moreover,agreatmanyrelationshipscomeunderthegeneralterm“friendship”．Inallcases，twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether，butbeyondthat，thedegreeofclosenessbetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirinterestineachotherchangegreatly．Atthebeginning,muchdependsonhowpeoplemeet，andongoodfirstimpressions.Aswegettoknowpeople,72.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofthegreatestimportance，itismoredifficulttohaveagoodrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisabigdifferenceinageandbackground．Then,73．Friendswillstandclosertogetherandwillspendmoretimelookingateachotherthanordinaryfriends．Smilesandsoftvoicesalsoexpressfriendliness，anditisbecausetheymaygivethewrongsignalsthatshypeopleoftenhavedifficultymakingfriends.Afriendlylookwithawrongfacialexpressioncanturnintoanunfriendlystare，andnervousnessmaybewronglyunderstoodasunfriendliness．Somerelationshipsarearesultofargumentanddiscussion，butitisusualforclosefriendstohavethesameideasandbeliefs，thesameopinionandinterests.Themorecloselyinvolvedpeoplebecome．themoretheydependoneachother.And74.Equally,friendshavetolearntomakeallowancesforeachother,toputupwithannoyinghabits，andtoacceptdifferencesinopinion.Incontrastwithmarriage,75.ButthesupportandunderstandingthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandaffectionsdoesseemtocreateacloseandlastingrelationshipA．weareusuallyfriendswithonlyafewB．manyfactorscanaffectfriendshipandrelationshipC．peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetoletthemdownD．argumentanddiscussioncanimprovepersonalrelationshipsE．weconsiderthingslikeage，race，looks，economicandsocialstatus，etcF．wepayattentiontoactualbehavior，facialexpression，andthewayapersonspeaksG．therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentherelationshipbetweentwopeople