英語詞匯學答案三、名詞解釋1.terminology【答案】Terminologyconsistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareas.【解析】術語指特定學科和學術領域所使用的專有名詞。【解析】復合法指由兩個或更多的詞干相結合而構成新詞。以此種方式形成的詞被稱為復合詞。3.homonyms【答案】Homonymsaregenerallydefinedaswordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspelling.【解析】同形同音異義詞指在讀音和拼寫上或者只是在讀音或拼寫上相同而詞義不同的詞。4.phrasalverbs【解析】短語動詞是由一個動詞外加一個介詞和/或小品詞構成的習語。5.context(innarrowsense)【答案】Inanarrowsense,itreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappears.Thisisknownaslinguisticcontext,whichmaycoveraparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebook.【解析】狹義上講，語境是指一個詞所在的詞群、從句和句群環境，這稱為語言環境，可以包括一個段落，一個章節，甚至整個一本書。四、簡答題1.Whatisfreemorpheme?【答案】Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree.【解析】彼此之間互相獨立的詞素叫自由詞素。這些詞素本身具有完整的意義，在句子中可以用作自由語法單位。自由詞素與根詞一致，因為根詞就是由單個的自由詞素構成的。outbreakbabysitcryinsweetbitter【答案】outbreak,bitter-sweet,crybaby,sit-in【解析】outbreak(爆發),crybaby(愛哭的人),sit-in(靜坐抗議;靜坐罷工)都是名詞復合詞，bitter-sweet(苦樂參半的;又苦又甜的)是形容詞復合詞。3.ExplainwhatcausesambiguityinthesentenceHeisahardbusinessman.【答案】I.(Sourceoftheambiguity)Theambiguityofthesentenceiscausedbythewordhardwhichisapolysemanticword.II.(Analysisoftheword)Thewordhardinthiscontextcanmeanboth‘hardworking’and‘difficult’.Thecontextfailstonarrowdownthemeaningsothatitisdifficultforthereadertodecidewhatexactlythespeakermeans.III.(Improvementoftheambiguity)Therewouldbenomisunderstandingiftheoriginalsentenceisextendedas“Heisahardbusinessmantodealwith”.【解析】此句話是由多義詞hard造成的。4.Explainradiationofword-meaningdevelopment.【答案】Radiationisasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerays.Themeaningsareindependentofoneanother,butcanallbetracedbacktothecentralmeaning.【解析】輻射型以原始意義為中心，從原始意義發展而來的次要意義就像射線那樣四處散去，意義之間互不關聯，但都可追蹤到核心意義。五、論述題1.Whatisthestylisticmeaningofthefollowingword:domicile,residence,abode,home?【答案】Apartfromtheirconceptualmeanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.Thesedistinctivefeaturesformthestylisticmeaningsofwords.Thisstylisticdifferenceisespeciallytrueofsynonyms.Itisobservedthattherearefewwordswhichhaveboththesameconceptualmeaningandthestylisticmeaning.domicile(veryformal,official)residence(formal)abode(poetic)home(general)【解析】除了概念意義外，很多詞帶有文體特征，這使得它們適合于不同的語境。這些區別性的特征構成了詞的文體意義。文體差異對同義詞而言尤其如此。很少有詞既有相同的概念意義，又有相同的文體意義。2.Explainthecharacteristicsofantonymsaccordingtothesentences.a.Howtallishisbrother?b.Howshortishisbrother?【答案】Antonymsdifferinsemanticinclusion.Pairsofantonymsareseenasmarkedandunmarkedtermsrespectively.Inmanypairswefindthatonememberismorespecificthantheotherandthemeaningofthespecificisincludedinthatofthegeneral.Sofarasthemeaningisconcerned,sentence[a]includesthemeaningof[b].Theuseoftalldoesnotexcludethepossibilityofhisbrotherbeingveryshort.Butsentence[b]ismuchmorerestrictedinsenseandisconsideredsemanticallyabnormalunlessthespeakerisparticularlyinterestedinthe