2021高考英語閱讀理解易錯題型閱讀理解題是分值比重大而且給考生壓力大的一類題型，同時，由于題目信息量大，學生很容易出錯。一定要注意，錯誤是一種規律，不同的人往往錯在不同類的題目。我們需要把錯誤分類，只有問題更加細化、明確，我們才能有針對性地改正、提高。依據對近年各省高考閱讀理解題的分析、對比，從其設計和內容上看，可以歸納為以下幾點：概括整個語段的主旨大意以及事實和細節；能準確理解句子字面和深層含義；能準確理解具體的事實和抽象的概念。題型上主要有主旨大意題、詞義猜測題、事實細節題、推理判斷題等。在閱讀理解題所給的選項中，常出現部分真實的情況，但往往以偏概全、過于籠統、增添枝葉、張冠李戴、答非所問、因果倒置、偏離中心、捕風捉影等；讓選項確實含有原文中的事實、細節或原文中已有的情況，卻并不與原文事實完全一致，故意擾亂考生的視覺，讓考生信以為真，這就是英語閱讀理解中的陷阱。這是考生易錯的原因。因此，考生要具有對陷阱的識別能力，才能繞過陷阱，從而做出正確的選擇。編造事實ABC選項中所述內容在原文中并未涉及，也不能從中推斷出來。這類選項往往是將原文中的信息和原文中沒有的信息合成一個選項，或者是在表述上同原文對應語段基本相同，只是改動關鍵語句，從而使選項與原意大相徑庭形成陷阱。例題佐證...RescuedfromthebitterlycoldAtlanticonthatApril1912night,Dean,her2-year-oldbrotherandhermotherweretakentoNewYorkwithnothingbuttheclothesontheirbacks.BeforereturninghometoEngland,theyweregivenasmallsuitcaseofdonatedclothing,agiftfromNewYorkerstohelpthemrebuildtheirlives.Now,DeanissellingthesuitcaseandotherTitanicmementostohelppayhernursinghomefees.Theyareexpectedtogofor$5,200atanauctionheldinDevizesinwesternEngland.AmongthethingsarerareprintsoftheTitanicandlettersfromtheTitanicReliefFundofferinghermotheronepound,sevenshillingsandsixpenceaweek.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesuitcaseisTRUE?ItwasusedtoholdletterstoDean'smother.ItwassoldatanauctionheldinDevizesinwesternEngland.ItwasapresentfromAmericatohelpDean'sfamily.Itwasmadeofvaluablematerial.【解析】正確答案選C。A、B兩選項雖然出現了原文中的很多信息：letters,Dean'smother,atanauctionheldinDevizesinwesternEngland，但是原文并未提到手提箱是用來放信件的，我們從原文也能知道手提箱將要被拍賣，而非已經買了。原文并沒有說手提箱是用非常值錢的材料做的，我們也無從推斷出這一點。所以，A、B、D三選項所表述的內容是編造的，而正確的選項是C.雖然我們不能從原文中找到和C選項一樣的句子，但它和原文中"BeforereturninghometoEngland,theyweregivenasmallsuitcaseofdonatedclothing,agiftfromNewYorkerstohelpthemrebuildtheirlives.”在意思上是一致的。顛倒關系原文中事物間的關系是特定的，而選項卻將這種關系顛倒。如將原因與結果、條件與結果、大與小、多與少等關系顛倒，不同時間或地點出現的事物的時間、地點混淆，從而形成陷阱。例題佐證...Sports3：GymWewillbeusingCentralPark.Therearethreereasonsforchoosingthisplace.First,itisnotverybusyandcrowdedbefore6：00pm...WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Studentsselectingvolleyballshouldregisterearly.Studentsparticipatingingymshouldarriveat6:00pm.Studentshavingswimmingsuitscantakeupswimming.Raftingusuallybeginsat3:30pmandlasts2hours.【解析】把運動場地選在CentralPark的其中一個原因就是這兒下午6點前人不多，可以推斷出運動在下午6點公園里人多的時候就結束了。B選項，把運動結束的時間說成了學生們去公園參加運動應該到達的時間，混淆了時間。改變范圍ABC選項中所述內容和原文內容在范圍上不一致。這類選項往往是將原文內容的范圍隨意擴大或縮小，即以偏概全，或者以一般替代個別，從而形成陷阱。ABC例題佐證...Seavegetablesareusuallyeatenbecausepeoplelikethetaste.However,seavegetablesarealsoagoodsourceofvitaminsandminerals.Theyareespeciallyvaluableonislandswheregreenvegetablesaredifficulttogrow,orwherethesoilispoorandlocalvegetableslackcertainessentialminerals.Besidesbeingnutritious,manyseavegetableshavemedicinalproperties.Theycanhelpkeepyouwellandprotectagainstheartdiseases,diabetesandgoiter.PeopleeatseaplantsforallthefollowingreasonsEXPECTthat■theyarerichinvitamins.theytastedelicious.theycancureusofmanydiseases.theyserveasmainvegetablesonislands.【解析】從原文中"Theycanhelpkeepyouwellandprotectagainstheartdiseases,diabetesandgoiter.”可知，吃海生蔬菜能夠使人保持健康，保護人們，以免人們患上心臟病、糖尿病和甲狀腺腫。C選項說海生蔬菜能治愈很多疾病，顯然是“夸大”了其藥物效用，屬改變范圍。偷換概念ABC選項在解釋概念或轉述文意時，故意弄錯對象，把原文的內容變成了與之不符合的一種說法，迷惑考生，使考生誤入歧途。例題佐證QueenstownRaftingWhere：ThetripstartsintheMtCookNationalPark，about50kmsouthinadirectlinefromMtCook.Itthentravelsabout60kmdowntomeettheHasstRiver.When：everyTuesday，NovembertoMarchDuration：3days/2nightsIncluded：scenicflight；five-starcampingmeals；accommodation(tent)；allcampingandraftingequipment；threedaysofwildernessactivities(bushwalking，rafting，canyoning)Cost：$195perpersonContact：0800-723-888orvisitwww.ratfing.co，nzWhatinformationcanwegetfromQueenstownRafting?Travelerswillliveinfive-startents.Thetripisabout110kmintotal.Travelerscanexperiencecanyoning.D.Thetripwilltakeyoufourmonths,fromNovembertoMarch.【解析】A選項把原文中的five-starcampingmeals偷換成了five-startents,原文中的50km是指MtCookNationalPark距離MtCook的直線距離，B選項把這50km弄錯成了旅程中的一段距離，所以計算出的110km總旅程是錯誤的。從原文中劃線部分可知，QueenstownRafting開始時間為H^一月到三月的每周二，持續時間為三天兩夜，可見，D選項也犯了偷換概念的錯誤。偏離題意選項內容答非所問。這類選項往往就是原文內容或可以從原文推斷出，其本身是正確的，所以具有很大的干擾性。如果考生不能認真審題，就很容易誤選。例題佐證VivienlistenednumblyasthedoctorexplainedthatherhusbandDerek'soffertogiveheralife-savingkidney（腎）wouldneverwork."Derekhasadifferentbloodygroup,sodonationwasoutofthequestion,butbythattimemykidneyfunctionwassobadthatjustwalkingafewyardsleftmeoutofbreath."saysVivien.Vivienwasputonthewaitinglist.Whywasn'tDerek'sdonationacceptedatfirst？BecauseVivien'skidneyfunctionwasoobad.BecauseVivienwasputonthewaitinglist.BecauseDerek'skidneywouldneverwork.BecauseDerek'sandVivien'sbloodgroupsdidn'tmatch.【解析】題干要求選出Derek給妻子Vivien捐腎一開始沒被同意的原因。A選項雖為原文內容，但講的是Vivien當時的身體狀況，并不是Derek捐腎沒被同意的原因，屬偏離題意。B選項講的是Vivien要等待腎源，這是Derek不能給妻子Vivien捐腎所帶來的結果，而非原因，原因與結果混淆，屬顛倒關系。C選項把Derek'soffertogiveheralife-savingkidney偷換成了Derek'skidney，屬偷換概念。實戰演練題型：閱讀理解難度：準確率：40.66%題1WhatisthemostmeaninglessthingeveryTexanwilldoatthesametimethisweekend?Youguessedit.Wewill"fallback"whenourclocksaresetbackwardonehourinobservanceofdaylightsavingtime.Thisstrangepracticehasaninterestinghistory.In1784,BenjaminFranklinpublishedacriticalessayinaFrenchnewspapersuggestingthatParisianscouldsave$200millionthrough"theeconomyofusingsunshineinsteadofcandles".Therefore,manypeopleowetheoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimetoourFoundingFather'swritings.IntheUnitedStates,theclock-changingpracticebeganjustover100yearsago,in1918,whenCongressdecidedtocontroltimebypassingtheStandardTimeActtosaveenergyandcreatetimezones.Backthen,coalwasourtopenergysourceandensuringthatAmericanshadmoredaylightworkinghoursmadesense.In2008,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyassessedtheeffectofobservingdaylightsavingtimeonnationalenergyconsumption.Itfoundthatresettingourclocksamountstoareductioninourtotalenergyconsumptionof0.02%.Thestudyalsodeterminedthatstickingwithonetimecouldactuallysaveabout0.5%ofelectricityperdaynationwide.Apartfromthis,theriskofheartattackincreases10%inthedaysfollowingspringingforward，mostlikelycausedbytheinterruptionofbiologicalrhythms.Studiesalsoindicatewearemorelikelytogetsick,wearelessproductive,andfranklywearejustexhausteddirectlyfollowingthetimechange.Itishardtoexplainwhywestillchangeourclocks.Perhapsitisduetospecialinterests.CongresspassedtheEnergyActof2005,whichextendedthelengthofdaylightsavingtimeanextraweekinthefall,inlargepartduetoaneffortbycandyproducerstoallowforanadditionaldaylighthouronthenightofHalloweenfortrick-or-treating.ThisMay,wesoughttoendthisancientpractice.ItwouldhaveallowedTexanstovotewhethertostayonstandardtimeyear-roundordaylightsavingtimeyear-round.OurproposalpassedtheHouse（眾議院）133-9.Sadly,oncethebillreachedtheSenate（參議院），itwasneverreferredtoacommittee.TheproposaldiedintheSenatewithoutevenawordspokenaboutitonthefloor.I'mmovingforwardwithplanstofilethelegislation（立法）againin2021.Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswehaveto"fallback.(1)Thepossibleoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimeis.A.theancientlegalactB.theinfluenceofothercountriesC.theneedfortimezonesD.theadvicefromafamouspolitician(2)WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonsforhealthproblems.B.Thedownsidesofsettingclocksback.C.Thechangesinenergyconsumption.D.Thesolutionstoelectricityshortages.(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat.A.daylightsavingtimewilllastforanothertwoyearsB.theauthorwillcontinuewhathehasbeendoingC.Texansvotedforstandardtimeyear-roundD.statelegislatorsarefortheproposal(4)Thepassageaimsto.A.analyzethepracticeofdaylightsavingtimeB.explaintheconsequencesofdaylightsavingtimeC.convincepeopleofthenecessityofdaylightsavingtimeD.persuadepeopletomakeeffortstostopdaylightsavingtime隱藏答案.答案D解析根據文章第二段In1784,BenjaminFranklinpublishedacrit