Unit1AlandofdiversityLearningaboutlanguage課時作業第一節閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABookWormCulturalHomestayProgramSTAYINTHEASIANCOUNTRYOFYOURCHOICEFOR3MONTHSOurprogramgivesyouthechancetoimproveyourAsianlanguageskills(orstartlearninganewlanguage)aswellasdiscoveringmoreaboutthecountryyouarevisiting.Youwilllivewithalocalfamilyspeciallychosenforyoubasedonyoursharedinterests.Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.Youwillalsoreceive400dollarspocketmoneyeachmonth,aswellasfreeplaneticketstoandfromthecountryyouvisit.ABOUTTHEPROGRAMTOTAKEPARTYOUMUST:HaveacurrentpassportBeaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudentBebetween16and25yearsoldHaveexcellentEnglishlanguageskillsBeopentootherculturesBeinterestedinAsiancultureBOOKWORMWILLGIVEYOU:FreereturntickettothecountryyouchooseLocallanguagelessons(6hoursperweek)YourownprivatebedroomwithfreeInternetPocketmoney($400amonth)AlocalphonecardAirportpickup,welcomedinnerand3-daycitytourForafulllistofparticipatingcountriesanddetailsabouthowtoapplypleasevisitourwebsiteat:1.Whywouldahomestayfamilyprobablywanttotakepartinthisprogram?A.Theyareeagertosharetheirinterests.B.Theyarepaidtodosobythecompany.C.Theywishtotraveltoothercountrieslater.D.TheywanttheirownchildrentolearnEnglish.2.WhoCANNOTtakepartintheprogramasahomestayvisitor?A.SomeonewhoalreadyspeaksanAsianlanguage.B.Astudentthathastakenpartintheprogrambefore.C.A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.D.Astudentborninanon-Englishlanguagespeakingcountry.3.Whatwilleachhomestayvisitorreceiveforfreeaspartoftheprogram?A.AmobilephoneB.Areturnairplaneticket.C.Threerestaurantmealsaday.D.Citywidebusandtraintravel.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了一項活動，可以在所選擇的亞洲國家生活三個月。并從價格、及各種注意事項等方面介紹了這項活動的具體信息。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一部分中“Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.”作為每天為家人的孩子提供2個小時左右的英語教學的回報，你將有機會體驗當地的語言和文化。可知寄宿家庭可能想參加這個計劃的原因是他們希望自己的孩子學習英語。故選D項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二部分中“Beaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudent”是高中或大學生。可知C項“A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.”一位來自英國的24歲中學英語老師不符合條件。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二部分中“Freereturntickettothecountryyouchoose”免費回程機票到你選擇的國家。可知作為計劃的一部分，每位寄宿家庭訪客均可免費獲得回程機票。故選B項。【點睛】BMostkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit’snotthatsimpleforkidswhoareblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille(盲文)transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecanreadthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpractisedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren’sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit’smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistakes.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterwards,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee’sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday”.“Ilovethismission,”Leesays.“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”4.Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?A.Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.B.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.C.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.D.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords5.WhatwasLee’sfirstreactiontobraille?A.Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.B.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.C.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.D.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pick-me-up”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.B.Somethingtoimproveone’sappetite.C.Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.D.Afreerideaccompaniedwithaguidedog.7.WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?A.Profitableandhopeful. B.Tiringbutmeaningful.C.Relaxingandhelpful. D.Boringbutchallenging.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了JennyLee和其他盲文轉錄員成功使用電腦程序將故事文字轉換為盲文的經歷。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.”要了解盲文的感覺，請拿一支圓珠筆并用力壓在一張紙上。現在，將紙張翻轉過來，然后觸摸筆尖產生的凸起點。可知作者通過讓讀者親身感受的方式解釋盲文是什么。故選C項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.”當Lee第一次看到盲文字母的點時，她想知道自己是否能夠輕松閱讀和書寫它們。可知意在表明Lee對盲文的第一反應是覺得很難學會。故選D項。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據倒數第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.”有時，一次又一次地重復一個故事會很累。Lee會休息一下。以及“Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.”當動物不工作時，Lee喜歡和他們玩幾分鐘。可推知，對她來說，和狗一起玩一直是中午時段能令人放松的時刻。C項“Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.”意為可以幫助恢復精力的東西。切合語境。故選C項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.”有時，一次又一次地重復一個故事會很累。以及最后一段中“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”通過我的腦力和手指，我將盲文的圓點送到了一些孩子的手中。意在表明作者認為她的工作是累人但有意義的。故選B項。【點睛】CTransportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.Acountry’seconomydependsonreliabletransportation.Citiesspreadoutalongroads,rivers,andrails,sodoesinformation.Untilthe20thcentury,theserouteswereconfinedtolandorwater.Withtheinventionofpoweredflight,theairbecameanopenroadaswell.Theearliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans’earliestmeansoftransportinggoodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead.By4000B.C.,peoplewereusingdomesticatedanimalsfortransport,amethodgreatlyimprovedinsomepartsoftheworldbytheinventionofthewheel,probablyfirstdevelopedaround3500B.C..Untilthe19thcentury,animalsweretheenginesoflandtransportation.Butwiththeinventionofthesteamengineandtheinternalcombustionengine,railroadsandautomobilesrevolutionizedtravelandtrade.Morethan600millioncarsandtruckstraveltheworldtoday.Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.Asearlyas7000B.C.,peoplewerebuildingcanoes;long-distanceshipswerecommonby3000B.C.Untilthe1950s,shipswerethechiefmeansofoverseaspassengertravel.AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.Sincethe20thcentury,high-speedrailhasbecomeanotherconvenientwayoftravel.Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Technologicaladvancementsintransportovertime.B.Theinfluenceofeconomicactivitiesontransportation.C.Therelationshipbetweentransportationandinformationflows.D.Reasonswhylandandseatransportationrouteswereimportant.9.Whydoesthewritermentionthelocationoftheworld’smajorcities?A.Toencouragemorepeopletomovetobigcities.B.Toexplainwhyboatsandshipscontinuetobeirreplaceable.C.Torecommendwaterasaconvenientandcheapformoftransportation.D.Toemphasizethecontributionofwatertransporttohumandevelopment.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutairtravel?A.Balloonsusedtobeonepopularwayofairtravel.B.TheMontgolfierbrothersinventedpoweredflight.C.Theinventionofairplaneshelpedpopularizeairtravel.D.Airtravelbecamewidespreadsoonaftertheballoonwasinvented.11.Whatisthetotallengthofhigh-speedrailtrackintheworldtoday?A.About57,000kms. B.About45,000kms.C.About38,000kms. D.About30,000kms.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了交通隨著技術的發展而進步，且列舉了水路、火車、航空以及高鐵這幾種交通方式隨著時間推移而進步。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Transportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.”可知交通塑造了世界:與通訊一起，它形成了一個連接人與人、城市與城市、國家與國家的全球網絡。交通路線和交通工具對每一種文明的運作和傳播都至關重要。結合文章主要說明了交通隨著技術的發展而進步，列舉了水路、火車、航空以及高鐵這幾種交通方式隨著時間推移而進步。由此可知，這篇文章的主要內容是隨著時間的推移，交通技術的進步。故選A。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.”可知水一直是一種快捷高效的運輸方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重型貨物的主要運輸方式。水路對人類文明的重要性可以在任何地圖上看到：幾乎所有的世界主要城市都位于海岸線或河流上。由此可推知，作者提到世界主要城市的位置，是為了強調水運對人類發展的貢獻。故選D。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.”可知盡管18世紀的時候，蒙哥菲耶兄弟就用氣球飛行了，但是直到1903年萊特兄弟發明了動力飛機，航空旅行才變得實用起來。不到十年，商業航空運輸業務開始了。由此可知，飛機的發明促進了航空旅行的普及。故選C。【11題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.”可知如今，世界上三分之二的高速鐵路在中國，總長近3萬公里，預計到2025年，這一數字將達到3.8萬公里。由此可知，當今世界高速鐵路的總長度約（3除以2/3）4.5萬公里。故選B。DIt’slateintheevening,timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinuesinyourdreams.Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandtheoftenstrangeimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedimprovesperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularideathatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,dreamingmaybeanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn.Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神經的)virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreplaycanbeseeninavideoresearchersmaderecentlyaboutsleepdisorders.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestopatientssufferingfromsleepwalkingandrelatedconditions.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,onefemalepatientonthetapeperformsthedancemovesshelearnedearlier.Thisshowsthatwhileourbodiesareatrest,ourbrainsaredrawingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatmaterialintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow.Ina2010study,researchersreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermaze(迷宮)tasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytofindtheirwaythroughthemazecomparedwithparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.Thatstudy’schiefresearcherHerbertSmithsuggestedthatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheprobabilityofdreamingaboutthematerial.Thinkaboutthatasyougotosleeptonight.12.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?A.Thebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.B.Theneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.C.Thebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.D.Thebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.13.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?A.Itreplacesoldinformationwithnewmaterial.B.Itprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquiredinformation.C.Itregroupsinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.D.Itsystematizesalltheinformationcollectedduringtheday.14.HowcanlearningbeenhancedaccordingtoHerbertSmith?A.Stayinguplatebeforefinallygoingtobed.B.Havingaperiodofsleeprightafterstudying.C.Havingadreamaboutanythingyouareinterestedin.D.Thinkingaboutthechancesofdreamingaboutthematerial.15.Whatistheresearchdiscussedinthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howstudyaffectspeople’sdreams.B.Whypeoplelearnmoreaftersleeping.C.Whattimestudentsshouldstudyandsleep.D.Howdreamingmayleadtoimprovedlearningoutcomes.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。“日有所思，夜有所夢”能讓你學習更好。本文通過講述一項研究闡述了做夢如何讓你的學習效果得到提高。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段第一句“Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神經的)virtualreality.(研究表明，當我們睡覺的時候，大腦會回放它在清醒時間所經歷的活動模式，讓我們進入一位心理學家所說的神經虛擬現實)”，句子中的“thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwaking