頁眉內(nèi)容頁眉內(nèi)容Unit5TheTapestryofFriendshipKeytotheExercisesTextcomprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurposeofwriting.CJudge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.T(RefertoParagraphs1and2.)T(RefertoParagraph3.)F(RefertoParagraph4.Theshiftwasnotsimplyfrommentowomen.Itrepresentedindepthashiftfromonetypeoffriendshiptoanother.Inotherwords,femalefriendshipdepictedinmoviesnowadayswasdistinctinnaturefrommalefriendshipportrayedinearliermovies.)T(RefertoParagraph8.)T(RefertoParagraph16.)Answerthefollowingquestions.RefertoParagraph2.Shethoughtitwasatrivialmovie,particularlywithregardtoitsdullplot.Atthesametimeshefounditgentleandaffectingonthegroundsthatthemoviedescribedindetailthecharacteristicsofthefriendshipbetweentwowomen.RefertoParagraph3.Becauseinthepastmenweretheexclusiveimagesoffriendshipdepictedinmoviesandtheywerepresentedastheonlyinheritorsofaprimitivecapacityforfriendship.Women,ontheotherhand,wereportrayedasincapableoffriendship,takingtheirpleasureinmakingcriticalremarksabouteachother.Nowadays,however,femalefriendshipwasbecomingafashionablethemeofmovies,takingtheplaceofmalefriendship.RefertoParagraph7.Malefriendship,i.e.thebondingrelationshipbetweenbuddies,isestablishedontheneedforcooperationintheactivitiesthatmenareengagedinorintheadversesituationstheyareconfrontedwith.Inotherwords,withouttheneedtodothingstogether,therewouldprobablybenobuddiesatall.Incontrast,femalefriendshipbordersonlove,theneedformutualemotionalsupport.Womenfriendsdesiretobetogetherasaresultofspiritualattachment,regardlessofwhethertheyareinvolvedinthesameactornot.RefertoParagraphs8?0.Menbecomebuddiesonlywhentheyhaveundergonetogethercompetitive,adverseordangeroussituationslikesportsgamesandwars,butwomenarenotrealfriendsunlesstheyhaveexchangedthreeloathsomesecrets.Thisfactshowsagainthatthemalefriendshipisactivity-orientedwhilefemalefriendshipisemotion-rooted.RefertoParagraph17.Becausewhatmendescribedasfriendshipwasnothingofthekindatalltothewoman.Asshesawit,whentwowomenseeeachotheronlyonceayear,theycannotcountasbestfriends;whentwowomendonotcalleachotherlongdistancewithoutarealreason,theydon'tcountasintimates;andwhentwowomendon'thavedinnertogetheralonewithoutthecompanyoftheirspouses,theydon'tcountaschums.Butinsuchsituations,mencanstilldescribethemselvesasbosomfriends.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.Slowly,themoviegaveapanoramicpictureofthecharacteristicsoffriendship.Thiswasnotsimplyashiftfromonefashiontoanother,butatrendtowardmorerealisticandnaturaldepictionsincinema-making.Thetendencytopresentonlymenascapableoftruefriendshipwaschallengedbytheappearanceofamoresubtleapproach.Buddiesacttoughtoshowofftoeachother,sowouldnotrevealweaknesses;friendsshowtheirneedforeachotherandarereadytoconfessweaknesses.StructuralanalysisofthetextWecansummarizetheauthor'sviewpointwiththefollowingsentence:Abuddyisafinelife-companionbutafriendisthatpartoftheracewithwhichyoucanbehuman.Theparallelsentencesusedtoshowthemajordifferencesare:Buddiesbonded,butfriendsloved.Buddiesfacedadversitytogether,butfriendsfacedeachother.Buddiesseemedto"do"thingstogether;friendssimply"were"together.RhetoricalfeaturesofthetextJoiningclauseswithacoordinator:Buddiesbonded,butfriendsloved.(Paragraph8)Buddiesfacedadversitytogether,butfriendsfacedeachother.(Paragraph8)Joiningclauseswithasubordinator:Menaffecteachotherinthereflectionofnobleorfriendlyacts,whilstwomenaskfewerproofsandmoresignsandexpressionsofattachment.(Paragraph7)Menoftenkeeptheirbuddiesinthesecategories,whilewomenkeepaspecialcategoryforfriends.(Paragraph9)Joiningclauseswithapunctuationmark:Buddieshangtoughtogether;friendshangontoeachother.(Paragraph11)Buddiestrytokeeptheworstfromeachother;friendsconfessit.(Paragraph12)Notethatinthesesentencesthesemicoloncannotbereplacedbyacomma.VocabularyexercisesExplaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.endingsofprofoundsignificanceactionsandwordsthatshowintimacydisgustingsecretstobedispassionateandmoderateinbehaviorclosedlifewithverylittlecommunicationwiththeoutside

II.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithawordorphrasefromtheboxinitsappropriateform.hangtogetherpickingonsoldieringshowing...offwillmakeadifferencebingesintimacyresiliencyIII.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.drasticathleticisminheritanceembarrassingTOC\o"1-5"\h\z1. fragility 2.drasticathleticisminheritanceembarrassing3. replacement 4.5. portrayal 6.7. confidence 8.IV.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartineachsentencewithoutchangingitsoriginalmeaning.1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.C8.DV.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.Synonym:alter(transfer,change)Synonym:show(indicate,manifest,exhibit)Synonym:delicate(slight,nice,fine)Antonym:prosperity(success)Synonym:consider(regard,deem,judge)Synonym:embarrassed(uneasy,uncomfortable)Synonym:embrace(hold,cuddle)Synonym:astonishing(amazing)IV.Ejects3.friendly4.finished5.nottohurry6.sensible;well-foundedGrammarexercisesI.Improvethefollowingsentences.ThestudentsofClassOnearemorehardworkingthanthoseofClassTwo.Hehassatatthetableforseveralhoursanddrunkconsiderablymorewinethanisgoodforhishealth.Thegreatertheachievements(are),themoremodestweshouldbe.TheBritisharecrazyaboutpets.ItissaidthatBritishparentstakebettercareoftheirpetsthanoftheirchildren.Tomlikespopmusicmorethanhiseighteen-year-olddaughterdoes.MarywoulddoitmuchmorequicklythanIwould.IlikeBettyandMary,butIthinkBetty'sthenicerofthetwo.It'sthemostexpensivecarintheworld.II.Rewritethefollowingsentences,omittingwhatevercanbeomittedwithoutchangeofmeaning.In1970,thenumberofstudentsinourschoolwasaboutfivehundred,andin1981,overtwothousand.Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.Paullikespoetry,butPeterfiction.Thehunterwasfrightenedandwasfiringatthebear.Whileatcollege,hewasaprominentathlete.MrBrownteaches,andhissonstudies,atCambridge.Thalesthoughtwaterwasthebeginningofeverything;Anaximenes,air;Heraclitus,fire.MaxlostbutSuefoundthekeytothesafe.Omitthesubjectandauxiliaryverbsoftherelativeclauses.Theaeroplane,loadedtocapacity,wasalongtimetakingoff.Anydutiablearticlesnotdeclaredtothecustomswillbeliabletoconfiscation.Thisscene,superblyactedbyHenryIrving,movedtheaudiencetotears.Overseasletterssentbyairmailreachtheirdestinationfasterthanthosesentbytrainorship.Thecastle,burntdowninthesixteenthcentury,wasneverrebuilt.Wordsspokeninhasteoftenleadtotrouble.NotasinglecaseofT.B.wasfoundintheX-raysstudied.Themen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Fillintheblankswithratherorfairly.1. rather 2. rather3. fairly/rather 4. fairly5. rather 6. rather7. rather 8. ratherRewritethefollowingparagraphintodirectspeech.Whathaveyoudonetoyourclothes?Howcouldyouhavemanagedtogetsomuddy?Ifyou'vebeenplayingontheriverbank,it'sextremelynaughtyofyou.Youknowthebanksareveryslipperyandthatyoumightfallinanddrown.Youbothknowyou'vebeenforbiddentoplayneartheriver.Makesentencesofyourownafterthesentencesgivenbelow,keepingtheunderlinedstructuresinyoursentences.(Referenceversion)Hedidn'tcometohelp,buttohinderus.Theydidn'tfindheruntilthenextday.TranslationexercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.電影鏡頭這種觀察社會的特殊眼睛好像徹底變換了聚焦對象。這些形影不離的銀幕形象似乎是來自遠古社會——故事情節(jié)好像是制片人從詮釋男性間密切關(guān)系的人類學(xué)通俗讀物里選取出來似的。男性伙伴因共同參與某種活動而相互聯(lián)系在一起。一位男士曾經(jīng)告訴她說，男人只有一起“經(jīng)歷過戰(zhàn)爭”——無論是商場、運動場還是戰(zhàn)場的戰(zhàn)爭——才能成為真正的伙伴。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordandphrasesgiveninbrackets.Yourremarksdomakesense,butthewayofexpressionbordersonrudeness.Anyunemployedpersoncountsasdeservinggovernmenthelp.OnthewholeIamquitesatisfiedwiththeexperiment.Aperson'sappearancemakesadifferenceinhowothersjudgehim.Advertisingtendstoportraywomeninverytraditionalroles.Havinginheritedaconsiderablefortune,thetwinsistersjustcouldn'twaittoshowofftheirjewelry.Publicinteresthasonceagainshifteditsfocustothechangesintheurbanenvironment.Thenewtypeoftrainscanrunsmoothlyatthespeedofabout500kilometresperhour;incontrast,theoldonesareslowandclumsy.III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.如同其他許多歐洲國家一樣，在法國，朋友通常是在同性之間交往的，而友誼被認為基本上是男人之間的一種關(guān)系。法國婦女嘲笑“女人不能成為朋友”這種說法，但她們有時也承認，對女人來說，朋友是“另一回事兒”。另外，許多法國人對男女之間是否可能存在友誼表示懷疑。在一個團體中存在著這樣一種關(guān)系，男女在一起工作了很長一段時間，他們之間的關(guān)系可能很密切，彼此忠誠，感覺親切。他們可能彼此稱copains——這個詞的英文意思是“朋友”，但卻更接近“老鐵”或“哥們”的含義。在法國人眼里這不是友誼，雖然這種團體中的兩個人很可能成為朋友。Exerci