組播配置舉例HYPERLINK組播配置舉例關鍵詞：IGMP、IGMPSnooping、組播VLAN、PIM、MSDP、MBGP摘?要：本文主要介紹組播功能在具體組網中的應用配置，包括以下兩種典型組網應用：域內的二、三層組播應用情況，以及域間的三層組播應用情況?？s略語：縮略語英文全名中文解釋ASAutonomousSystem自治系統ASMAny-SourceMulticast任意信源組播BGPBorderGatewayProtocol邊界網關協議BSRBootStrapRouter自舉路由器C-BSRCandidate-BSR候選BSRC-RPCandidate-RP候選RPDRDesignatedRouter指定路由器IGMPInternetGroupManagementProtocol互聯網組管理協議MBGPMulticastBorderGatewayProtocol組播邊界網關協議MP-BGPMultiProtocolBorderGatewayProtocol多協議邊界網關協議MSDPMulticastSourceDiscoveryProtocol組播源發現協議OSPFOpenShortestPathFirst開放最短路徑優先PIM-DMProtocolIndependentMulticast-DenseMode協議無關組播—密集模式PIM-SMProtocolIndependentMulticast-SparseMode協議無關組播—稀疏模式RPRendezvousPoint匯集點RPFReversePathForwarding逆向路徑轉發RPTRendezvousPointTree共享樹SPTShortestPathTree最短路徑樹SSMSource-SpecificMulticast指定信源組播

目?錄HYPERLINK1特性簡介HYPERLINK2應用場合HYPERLINK3域內二、三層組播配置舉例HYPERLINK3.1組網需求HYPERLINK3.2配置思路HYPERLINK3.3配置步驟HYPERLINK3.3.1RouterA的配置HYPERLINK3.3.2RouterB的配置HYPERLINK3.3.3RouterC的配置HYPERLINK3.3.4RouterD的配置HYPERLINK3.3.5SwitchA的配置HYPERLINK3.3.6SwitchB的配置HYPERLINK3.3.7SwitchC的配置HYPERLINK3.4驗證結果HYPERLINK4域間三層組播配置舉例HYPERLINK4.1組網需求HYPERLINK4.2配置思路HYPERLINK4.3配置步驟HYPERLINK4.3.1RouterA的配置HYPERLINK4.3.2RouterB的配置HYPERLINK4.3.3RouterC的配置HYPERLINK4.3.4RouterD的配置HYPERLINK4.3.5RouterE的配置HYPERLINK4.3.6RouterF的配置HYPERLINK4.4驗證結果HYPERLINK5相關資料HYPERLINK5.1相關協議和標準

1?特性簡介組播是指在IP網絡中將數據包以盡力傳送的形式發送到某個確定的節點集合，其基本思想是：源主機只發送一份數據，其目的地址為組播組地址；組播組中的所有接收者都可收到同樣的數據拷貝，并且只有組播組內的主機可以接收該數據，而其它主機則不能收到。作為一種與單播和廣播并列的通信方式，組播技術能夠有效地解決單點發送、多點接收的問題，從而實現了IP網絡中點到多點的高效數據傳送，能夠節約大量網絡帶寬、降低網絡負載。以下是對各常用組播協議的簡單介紹：1.IGMPIGMP是TCP/IP協議族中負責IP組播組成員管理的協議，用來在IP主機和與其直接相鄰的組播路由器之間建立、維護組播組成員關系。IGMP運行于主機和與主機直連的路由器之間，其實現的功能是雙向的：一方面，主機通過IGMP通知路由器希望接收某個特定組播組的信息；另一方面，路由器通過IGMP周期性地查詢局域網內的組播組成員是否處于活動狀態，實現所連網段組成員關系的收集與維護。2.IGMPSnoopingIGMPSnooping是運行在二層設備上的組播約束機制，用于管理和控制組播組。運行IGMPSnooping的二層設備通過對收到的IGMP報文進行分析，為二層端口和組播MAC地址建立起映射關系，并根據這個映射關系轉發組播數據。3.組播VLAN在傳統的組播點播方式下，當連接在二層設備上、屬于不同VLAN的用戶分別進行組播點播時，三層組播設備需要向該二層設備的每個VLAN分別發送一份組播數據；而當二層設備運行了組播VLAN之后，三層組播設備只需向該二層設備的組播VLAN發送一份組播數據即可，從而既避免了帶寬的浪費，也減輕了三層組播設備的負擔。4.PIMPIM是ProtocolIndependentMulticast（協議無關組播）的簡稱，表示可以利用靜態路由或者任意單播路由協議（包括RIP、OSPF、IS-IS、BGP等）所生成的單播路由表為IP組播提供路由。組播路由與所采用的單播路由協議無關，只要能夠通過單播路由協議產生相應的組播路由表項即可。PIM借助單播路由表對組播報文進行RPF檢查，以實現對組播數據的轉發。根據轉發機制的不同，PIM分為以下兩種模式：??????????????PIM-DM：屬于密集模式的組播路由協議，使用“推（Push）模式”傳送組播數據，通常適用于組播組成員相對比較密集的小型網絡；??????????????PIM-SM：屬于稀疏模式的組播路由協議，使用“拉（Pull）模式”傳送組播數據，通常適用于組播組成員分布相對分散、范圍較廣的大中型網絡。5.MSDP在基本的PIM-SM模式下，組播源只向本PIM-SM域內的RP注冊，且各域的組播源信息是相互隔離的，因此RP僅知道本域內的組播源信息，只能在本域內建立組播分發樹。如果能夠有一種機制，使不同域內的RP共享其組播源信息，就可以實現組播數據的跨域傳輸。MSDP就是為了解決多個PIM-SM域之間的互連而開發的一種域間組播解決方案，用來發現其它PIM-SM域內的組播源信息。它通過在各域的RP之間建立MSDP對等體關系，使這些RP可以共享各域內的組播源信息。盡管MSDP是為域間組播開發的，但它在PIM-SM域內還有著一項特殊的應用——AnycastRP（任播RP）。AnycastRP是指在同一PIM-SM域內通過設置兩個或多個具有相同地址的RP，并在這些RP之間建立MSDP對等體關系，以實現域內各RP之間的負載分擔和冗余備份。6.MBGP當組播源與接收者分布在不同的AS中時，需要跨AS建立組播轉發樹。應用MP-BGP協議就可以專門跨AS傳輸組播路由信息。BGP-4協議僅應用于單播，MP-BGP是對BGP的多協議擴展，它在現有BGP-4的基礎上增強了功能，使BGP能夠為包括組播路由協議在內的多種路由協議提供路由信息：??????????????MP-BGP可以同時為單播和組播維護路由信息，將它們儲存在不同的路由表中，保持單播和組播之間路由信息相互隔離；??????????????作為BGP的多協議擴展，MP-BGP可以同時支持單播和組播模式，為兩種模式構建不同的網絡拓撲結構；??????????????原BGP-4所支持的單播路由策略和配置方法大部分都可應用于組播模式，從而可以根據路由策略為單播和組播維護不同的路由。MP-BGP在組播上的應用簡稱為MBGP（組播BGP）。2?應用場合利用組播技術可以方便地提供一些新的增值業務，包括在線直播、網絡電視、網絡電臺、遠程教育、遠程醫療、視頻會議等對帶寬和數據交互的實時性要求較高的信息服務。如圖1所示，是各常用組播協議在網絡中的應用場合示意圖。圖1?常用組播協議應用場合示意圖3?域內二、三層組播配置舉例3.1?組網需求(1)???????需求分析??????????????某企業的核心網內部通過OSPF協議互連，并擁有兩個視頻源：Source1通過組播組G1（）傳送節目1，Source2則通過組播組G2（）傳送節目2。要求在核心網通過使用PIM-SM協議實現視頻流的組播分發，并利用AnycastRP功能實現雙RP負載分擔和冗余備份，提高網絡可靠性。??????????????該企業的接入網按部門劃分為多個VLAN以方便管理，各部門內的點播者（Receiver）有不同的點播需求：HostA和HostC點播節目1，HostE點播節目2。要求在接入網通過IGMP、IGMPSnooping和組播VLAN的結合使用，使視頻流按需送達各點播者，提高帶寬利用率。(2)???????網絡規劃設備接口IP地址設備接口IP地址Source1-Source2-RouterAEth1/1RouterCEth1/1S2/1S2/1S2/2Loop01.1.1.1/32RouterBS2/1Loop110.2.2.2/32S2/2RouterDEth1/1Loop01.1.1.1/32Eth1/2Loop110.1.1.1/32S2/1圖2?域內二、三層組播配置組網圖3.2?配置思路(1)???????配置核心網：??????????????在所有路由器上都配置OSPF協議，并在其各接口上使能PIM-SM協議；??????????????為了避免物理接口down而導致的網絡振蕩，將RouterB和RouterC各自的Loopback1接口配置為C-BSR、Loopback0接口配置為C-RP；??????????????在RouterB和RouterC各自的Loopback1接口之間建立MSDP對等體關系，以實現AnycastRP功能。(2)???????配置接入網：??????????????在RouterC和RouterD的主機側接口上使能IGMP協議；??????????????在所有交換機上劃分VLAN，并在VLAN內使能IGMPSnooping，同時使能丟棄未知組播數據報文功能，以防止交換機在沒有二層組播轉發表項時將組播數據在VLAN內廣播；??????????????在SwitchA上配置基于子VLAN的組播VLAN，以避免RouterC將不同VLAN內點播的相同組播數據重復發至SwitchA。3.3?配置步驟??說明：以下配置均是在實驗室環境下進行的配置和驗證，配置前設備的所有參數均采用出廠時的缺省配置。如果您已經對設備進行了配置，為了保證配置效果，請確認現有配置和以下配置不沖突。本文檔不嚴格與具體軟、硬件版本對應。3.3.1?RouterA的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterA>system-view[RouterA]ospf1[RouterA-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterA-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。[RouterA]multicastrouting-enable[RouterA]interfaceethernet1/1[RouterA-Ethernet1/1]pimsm[RouterA-Ethernet1/1]quit[RouterA]interfaceserial2/1[RouterA-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterA-Serial2/1]quit[RouterA]interfaceserial2/2[RouterA-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterA-Serial2/2]return2.配置文件<RouterA>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterA#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceEthernet1/1?portlink-moderoute?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/2?link-protocolppp?pimsm#ospf1?area0.0.0.00.0.0.2550.0.0.2550.0.0.255#return3.3.2?RouterB的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterB>system-view[RouterB]ospf1[RouterB-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterB-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。[RouterB]multicastrouting-enable[RouterB]interfaceserial2/1[RouterB-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterB-Serial2/1]quit[RouterB]interfaceserial2/2[RouterB-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterB-Serial2/2]quit[RouterB]interfaceloopback0[RouterB-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterB-LoopBack0]quit[RouterB]interfaceloopback1[RouterB-LoopBack1]pimsm[RouterB-LoopBack1]quit#將Loopback1接口配置為C-BSR，將Loopback0接口配置為C-RP。[RouterB]pim[RouterB-pim]c-bsrloopback1[RouterB-pim]c-rploopback0[RouterB-pim]quit#配置MSDP對等體。[RouterB]msdp[RouterB-msdp]originating-rploopback1[RouterB-msdp]peer10.2.2.2connect-interfaceloopback1[RouterB-msdp]return2.配置文件<RouterB>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterB#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/2?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress1.1.1?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack1?ipaddress10.1.1?pimsm#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network1.1.1?network10.1.10.0.0.2550.0.0.255#pim?c-bsrLoopBack1?c-rpLoopBack0#msdp?originating-rpLoopBack1?peer10.2.2.2connect-interfaceLoopBack1#return3.3.3?RouterC的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterC>system-view[RouterC]ospf1[RouterC-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterC-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，在各接口上使能PIM-SM，并在主機側接口上使能IGMP。[RouterC]multicastrouting-enable[RouterC]interfaceethernet1/1[RouterC-Ethernet1/1]pimsm[RouterC-Ethernet1/1]igmpenable[RouterC-Ethernet1/1]quit[RouterC]interfaceserial2/1[RouterC-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterC-Serial2/1]quit[RouterC]interfaceloopback0[RouterC-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterC-LoopBack0]quit[RouterC]interfaceloopback1[RouterC-LoopBack1]pimsm[RouterC-LoopBack1]quit#將Loopback1接口配置為C-BSR，將Loopback0接口配置為C-RP。[RouterC]pim[RouterC-pim]c-bsrloopback1[RouterC-pim]c-rploopback0[RouterC-pim]quit#配置MSDP對等體。[RouterC]msdp[RouterC-msdp]originating-rploopback1[RouterC-msdp]peer10.1.1.1connect-interfaceloopback1[RouterC-msdp]return2.配置文件<RouterC>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterC#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceEthernet1/1?portlink-moderoute?igmpenable?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress1.1.1?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack1?ipaddress10.2.2?pimsm#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network1.1.1?network10.2.20.0.0.2550.0.0.255#pim?c-bsrLoopBack1?c-rpLoopBack0#msdp?originating-rpLoopBack1?peer10.1.1.1connect-interfaceLoopBack1#return3.3.4?RouterD的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterD>system-view[RouterD]ospf1[RouterD-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterD-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，在各接口上使能PIM-SM，并在主機側接口上使能IGMP。[RouterD]multicastrouting-enable[RouterD]interfaceethernet1/1[RouterD-Ethernet1/1]pimsm[RouterD-Ethernet1/1]quit[RouterD]interfaceethernet1/2[RouterD-Ethernet1/2]pimsm[RouterD-Ethernet1/2]igmpenable[RouterD-Ethernet1/2]quit[RouterD]interfaceserial2/1[RouterD-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterD-Serial2/1]quit2.配置文件<RouterD>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterD#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceEthernet1/1?portlink-moderoute?pimsm#interfaceEthernet1/2?portlink-moderoute?igmpenable?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#ospf1?area0.0.0.00.0.0.2550.0.0.2550.0.0.255#return3.3.5?SwitchA的配置1.配置步驟#全局使能IGMPSnooping。<SwitchA>system-view[SwitchA]igmp-snooping[SwitchA-igmp-snooping]quit#創建VLAN10，并把端口Ethernet1/2到Ethernet1/3添加到該VLAN中。[SwitchA]vlan10[SwitchA-vlan10]portethernet1/2toethernet1/3[SwitchA-vlan10]quit#創建VLAN20，并把端口Ethernet1/4添加到該VLAN中。[SwitchA]vlan20[SwitchA-vlan20]portethernet1/4[SwitchA-vlan20]quit#創建VLAN5，把端口Ethernet1/1添加到該VLAN中；在該VLAN內使能IGMPSnooping，并使能丟棄未知組播數據報文功能。[SwitchA]vlan5[SwitchA-vlan5]portethernet1/1[SwitchA-vlan5]igmp-snoopingenable[SwitchA-vlan5]igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown[SwitchA-vlan5]quit#配置VLAN5為組播VLAN，并把VLAN10和VLAN20都配置為該組播VLAN的子VLAN。[SwitchA]multicast-vlan5[SwitchA-mvlan-5]subvlan1020[SwitchA-mvlan-5]return2.配置文件<SwitchA>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameSwitchA#igmp-snooping#vlan5?igmp-snoopingenable?igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown#vlan10#vlan20#multicast-vlan5?subvlan1020#interfaceEthernet1/1?portaccessvlan5#interfaceEthernet1/2?portaccessvlan10#interfaceEthernet1/3?portaccessvlan10#interfaceEthernet1/4?portaccessvlan20#return3.3.6?SwitchB的配置1.配置步驟#全局使能IGMPSnooping。<SwitchB>system-view[SwitchB]igmp-snooping[SwitchB-igmp-snooping]quit#創建VLAN20，把端口Ethernet1/1到Ethernet1/3添加到該VLAN中；在該VLAN內使能IGMPSnooping，并使能丟棄未知組播數據報文功能。[SwitchB]vlan20[SwitchB-vlan20]portethernet1/1toethernet1/3[SwitchB-vlan20]igmp-snoopingenable[SwitchB-vlan20]igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown[SwitchB-vlan20]return2.配置文件<SwitchB>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameSwitchB#igmp-snooping#vlan20?igmp-snoopingenable?igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown#interfaceEthernet1/1?portaccessvlan20#interfaceEthernet1/2?portaccessvlan20#interfaceEthernet1/3?portaccessvlan20#return3.3.7?SwitchC的配置1.配置步驟#全局使能IGMPSnooping。<SwitchC>system-view[SwitchC]igmp-snooping[SwitchC-igmp-snooping]quit#創建VLAN30，把端口Ethernet1/1到Ethernet1/3添加到該VLAN中；在該VLAN內使能IGMPSnooping，并使能丟棄未知組播數據報文功能。[SwitchC]vlan30[SwitchC-vlan30]portethernet1/1toethernet1/3[SwitchC-vlan30]igmp-snoopingenable[SwitchC-vlan30]igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown[SwitchC-vlan30]return2.配置文件<SwitchC>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameSwitchC#igmp-snooping#vlan30?igmp-snoopingenable?igmp-snoopingdrop-unknown#interfaceEthernet1/1?portaccessvlan30#interfaceEthernet1/2?portaccessvlan30#interfaceEthernet1/3?portaccessvlan30#return3.4?驗證結果當如上配置完成后，HostA和HostC能夠收到視頻節目1，HostE能夠收到視頻節目2。此外，通過相應的display命令還可查看設備上的各種配置及運行效果：(1)???????通過使用displaymulticast-vlan命令可以查看交換機上組播VLAN的信息。例如：#查看SwitchA上所有組播VLAN的信息。<SwitchA>displaymulticast-vlan?Total1multicast-vlan(s)?Multicastvlan5??subvlanlist:???vlan10?20??portlist:???noport由上可知，VLAN5為組播VLAN，VLAN10和VLAN20為其子VLAN。(2)???????通過使用displayigmp-snoopinggroup命令可以查看各交換機上IGMPSnooping組播組的信息。例如：#查看SwitchA上IGMPSnooping組播組的信息。<SwitchA>displayigmp-snoopinggroup?Total3IPGroup(s).?Total3IPSource(s).?Total3MACGroup(s).?Portflags:D-Dynamicport,S-Staticport,C-Copyport?Subvlanflags:R-RealVLAN,C-CopyVLAN?Vlan(id):5.???Total1IPGroup(s).???Total1IPSource(s).???Total1MACGroup(s).???Routerport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/1???????????????(D)(00:01:30)???IPgroup(s):thefollowingipgroup(s)matchtoonemacgroup.???????(0.0.0?????????Hostport(s):total0port.???MACgroup(s):?????MACgroupaddress:0100-5e01-0101?????????Hostport(s):total0port.?Vlan(id):10.???Total1IPGroup(s).???Total1IPSource(s).???Total1MACGroup(s).???Routerport(s):total0port.???IPgroup(s):thefollowingipgroup(s)matchtoonemacgroup.???????(0.0.0?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/2???????????????(D)(00:03:23)???MACgroup(s):?????MACgroupaddress:0100-5e01-0101?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/2?Vlan(id):20.???Total1IPGroup(s).???Total1IPSource(s).???Total1MACGroup(s).???Routerport(s):total0port.???IPgroup(s):thefollowingipgroup(s)matchtoonemacgroup.???????(0.0.0?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/4???????????????(D)(00:02:16)???MACgroup(s):?????MACgroupaddress:0100-5e01-0101?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/4#查看SwitchC上VLAN30內IGMPSnooping組播組的詳細信息。<SwitchC>displayigmp-snoopinggroupvlan30verbose?Total1IPGroup(s).?Total1IPSource(s).?Total1MACGroup(s).?Portflags:D-Dynamicport,S-Staticport,C-Copyport?Subvlanflags:R-RealVLAN,C-CopyVLAN?Vlan(id):30.???Total1IPGroup(s).???Total1IPSource(s).???Total1MACGroup(s).???Routerport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/1???????????????(D)(00:01:15)???IPgroup(s):thefollowingipgroup(s)matchtoonemacgroup.???????(0.0.0?????????Attribute:???Host?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/2???????????????(D)(00:02:35)???MACgroup(s):?????MACgroupaddress:0100-5e02-0202?????????Hostport(s):total1port.???????????Eth1/2由上可知，SwitchA的端口Ethernet1/2和Ethernet1/4下都有組播組G1的接收者，SwitchC的端口Ethernet1/2下有組播組G2的接收者。(3)???????通過使用displayigmpinterface命令可以查看各路由器的主機側接口上IGMP的配置和運行情況。例如：#查看RouterC的主機側接口Ethernet1/1上IGMP的配置和運行情況。<RouterC>displayigmpinterfaceethernet1/1??IGMPisenabled??CurrentIGMPversionis2??ValueofqueryintervalforIGMP(inseconds):60??ValueofotherquerierpresentintervalforIGMP(inseconds):125??ValueofmaximumqueryresponsetimeforIGMP(inseconds):10?Total1IGMPGroupreported由上可知，RouterC的接口Ethernet1/1上運行了IGMPv2，并由該接口作為IGMP查詢器。(4)???????通過使用displaymsdpbrief命令可以查看路由器之間MSDP對等體建立的情況。例如：#查看RouterB上MSDP對等體的簡要信息。<RouterB>displaymsdpbriefMSDPPeerBriefInformationofVPN-Instance:publicnet?Configured??Up??????????Listen??????Connect?????Shutdown????Down?1???????????1???????????0???????????0???????????0???????????0?Peer'sAddress???State???Up/Downtime???AS????SACount??ResetCount?10.2.2.2?????????Up??????00:10:17?????????????1?????????0#查看RouterC上MSDP對等體的簡要信息。<RouterC>displaymsdpbriefMSDPPeerBriefInformationofVPN-Instance:publicnet?Configured??Up??????????Listen??????Connect?????Shutdown????Down?1???????????1???????????0???????????0???????????0???????????0?Peer'sAddress???State???Up/Downtime???AS????SACount??ResetCount?10.1.1.1?????????Up??????00:10:17?????????????1?????????0由上可知，RouterB和RouterC各自的Loopback1接口之間已建立起了MSDP對等體關系。(5)???????通過使用displaypimrouting-table命令可以查看路由器上PIM路由表的內容。例如：#查看RouterB上有關組播組的PIM路由表內容。?VPN-Instance:publicnet?Total1(*,G)entry;1(S,G)entry?Totalmatched0(*,G)entry;0(S,G)entry#查看RouterC上有關組播組的PIM路由表內容。?VPN-Instance:publicnet?Total1(*,G)entry;1(S,G)entry?Totalmatched1(*,G)entry;1(S,G)entry????RP:1.1.1.1(local)????Protocol:pim-sm,Flag:WC????UpTime:00:15:04????Upstreaminterface:Register????????Upstreamneighbor:NULL????????RPFprimeneighbor:NULL????Downstreaminterface(s)information:????Totalnumberofdownstreams:1????????1:Ethernet1/1????????????Protocol:igmp,UpTime:00:15:04,Expires:-????RP:1.1.1.1(local)????Protocol:pim-sm,Flag:SPT2MSDPACT????UpTime:00:20:28????Upstreaminterface:Serial2/1????Downstreaminterface(s)information:????Totalnumberofdownstreams:1????????1:Ethernet1/1????????????Protocol:pim-sm,UpTime:?-,Expires:?-由上可知，組播組G1當前有效的RP為RouterC的Loopback0接口。4?域間三層組播配置舉例4.1?組網需求(1)???????需求分析??????????????兩個ISP擁有各自的網絡：AS100和AS200，AS內部通過OSPF協議互連。AS200中的視頻源（Source）通過組播組G（）傳送節目，AS100和AS200中都有該節目的點播者（Receiver）：HostA和HostB。要求在AS內通過使用PIM-SM和IGMP協議實現視頻流的組播分發和按需送達。同時根據業務需要，AS100獨自構成組播域PIM-SM1，而AS200則劃分為兩個組播域：PIM-SM2和PIM-SM3。??????????????為了解決組播域之間、以及各AS之間組播信息的交換，要求通過配置MSDP對等體實現各PIM-SM域之間組播源信息的交換，通過配置MBGP協議實現各AS之間組播路由信息的交換。(2)???????網絡規劃設備接口IP地址設備接口IP地址RouterAEth1/1RouterDEth1/1S2/1S2/1S2/2POS5/1Loop01.1.1.1/32Loop04.4.4.4/32RouterBS2/1RouterES2/1S2/2S2/2Loop02.2.2.2/32Loop05.5.5.5/32RouterCS2/1RouterFEth1/1S2/2S2/1POS5/1Loop06.6.6.6/32Loop03.3.3.3/32Source-圖3?域間三層組播配置組網圖4.2?配置思路(1)???????配置域內組播路由：??????????????在所有路由器上都配置OSPF協議，在其各接口上使能PIM-SM協議，并在RouterA和RouterD的主機側接口上使能IGMP協議；??????????????為了避免物理接口down而導致的網絡振蕩，將RouterC、RouterD和RouterE各自的Loopback0接口配置為C-BSR和C-RP；??????????????劃分PIM-SM域，將RouterC和RouterD各自的POS5/1接口、RouterD和RouterE各自的Serial2/1接口配置為BSR的服務邊界（即PIM-SM域的邊界）。(2)???????配置域間組播路由：??????????????在PIM-SM域的RP之間，即RouterC和RouterD、RouterD和RouterE之間分別建立MSDP對等體關系；??????????????在所有相鄰路由器之間建立MBGP對等體關系，即RouterA、RouterB和RouterC兩兩之間、RouterD和RouterE之間、RouterE和RouterF之間分別建立IBGP/MBGP對等體關系，RouterC和RouterD之間則建立EBGP/MBGP對等體關系。4.3?配置步驟??說明：以下配置均是在實驗室環境下進行的配置和驗證，配置前設備的所有參數均采用出廠時的缺省配置。如果您已經對設備進行了配置，為了保證配置效果，請確認現有配置和以下配置不沖突。本文檔不嚴格與具體軟、硬件版本對應。4.3.1?RouterA的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterA>system-view[RouterA]ospf1[RouterA-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterA-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，在各接口上使能PIM-SM，并在主機側接口上使能IGMP。[RouterA]multicastrouting-enable[RouterA]interfaceethernet1/1[RouterA-Ethernet1/1]pimsm[RouterA-Ethernet1/1]igmpenable[RouterA-Ethernet1/1]quit[RouterA]interfaceserial2/1[RouterA-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterA-Serial2/1]quit[RouterA]interfaceserial2/2[RouterA-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterA-Serial2/2]quit[RouterA]interfaceloopback0[RouterA-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterA-LoopBack0]quit#配置BGP協議和MBGP對等體，并引入直連和OSPF路由。[RouterA]bgp100[RouterA-bgp]router-id1.1.1.1[RouterA-bgp]import-routedirect[RouterA-bgp]import-routeospf1[RouterA-bgp]ipv4-familymulticast[RouterA-bgp-af-mul]import-routedirect[RouterA-bgp-af-mul]import-routeospf1[RouterA-bgp-af-mul]return2.配置文件<RouterA>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterA#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceEthernet1/1?portlink-moderoute?igmpenable?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/2?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress1.1.1?pimsm#bgp100?router-id1.1.1.1?import-routedirect?import-routeospf1?undosynchronization?#?ipv4-familymulticast?import-routedirect?import-routeospf1#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network1.1.10.0.0.2550.0.0.2550.0.0.255#return4.3.2?RouterB的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterB>system-view[RouterB]ospf1[RouterB-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterB-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。[RouterB]multicastrouting-enable[RouterB]interfaceserial2/1[RouterB-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterB-Serial2/1]quit[RouterB]interfaceserial2/2[RouterB-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterB-Serial2/2]quit[RouterB]interfaceloopback0[RouterB-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterB-LoopBack0]quit#配置BGP協議和MBGP對等體，并引入OSPF路由。[RouterB]bgp100[RouterB-bgp]router-id2.2.2.2[RouterB-bgp]import-routeospf1[RouterB-bgp]ipv4-familymulticast[RouterB-bgp-af-mul]import-routeospf1[RouterB-bgp-af-mul]return2.配置文件<RouterB>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterB#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/2?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress2.2.2?pimsm#bgp100?router-id2.2.2.2?import-routeospf1?undosynchronization?#?ipv4-familymulticast??import-routeospf1#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network2.2.20.0.0.2550.0.0.255#return4.3.3?RouterC的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterC>system-view[RouterC]ospf1[RouterC-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterC-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。[RouterC]multicastrouting-enable[RouterC]interfaceserial2/1[RouterC-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterC-Serial2/1]quit[RouterC]interfaceserial2/2[RouterC-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterC-Serial2/2]quit[RouterC]interfacepos5/1[RouterC-Pos5/1]pimsm[RouterC-Pos5/1]quit[RouterC]interfaceloopback0[RouterC-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterC-LoopBack0]quit#配置BSR的服務邊界。[RouterC]interfacepos5/1[RouterC-Pos5/1]pimbsr-boundary[RouterC-Pos5/1]quit#將Loopback0接口配置為C-BSR和C-RP。[RouterC]pim[RouterC-pim]c-bsrloopback0[RouterC-pim]c-rploopback0[RouterC-pim]quit#配置BGP協議和MBGP對等體，并引入OSPF路由。[RouterC]bgp100[RouterC-bgp]router-id3.3.3.3[RouterC-bgp]import-routeospf1[RouterC-bgp]ipv4-familymulticast[RouterC-bgp-af-mul]import-routeospf1[RouterC-bgp-af-mul]quit[RouterC-bgp]quit#配置MSDP對等體。[RouterC]msdp[RouterC-msdp]return2.配置文件<RouterC>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterC#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/2?link-protocolppp?pimsm#interfacePos5/1?link-protocolppp?pimbsr-boundary?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress3.3.3?pimsm#bgp100?router-id3.3.3.3?import-routeospf1?undosynchronization#?ipv4-familymulticast??import-routeospf1#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network3.3.30.0.0.2550.0.0.2550.0.0.255#pim?c-bsrLoopBack0?c-rpLoopBack0#msdp#return4.3.4?RouterD的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterD>system-view[RouterD]ospf1[RouterD-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterD-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，在各接口上使能PIM-SM，并在主機側接口上使能IGMP。[RouterD]multicastrouting-enable[RouterD]interfaceethernet1/1[RouterD-Ethernet1/1]pimsm[RouterD-Ethernet1/1]igmpenable[RouterD-Ethernet1/1]quit[RouterD]interfaceserial2/1[RouterD-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterD-Serial2/1]quit[RouterD]interfacepos5/1[RouterD-Pos5/1]pimsm[RouterD-Pos5/1]quit[RouterD]interfaceloopback0[RouterD-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterD-LoopBack0]quit#配置BSR的服務邊界。[RouterD]interfaceserial2/1[RouterD-Serial2/1]pimbsr-boundary[RouterD-Serial2/1]quit[RouterD]interfacepos5/1[RouterD-Pos5/1]pimbsr-boundary[RouterD-Pos5/1]quit#將Loopback0接口配置為C-BSR和C-RP。[RouterD]pim[RouterD-pim]c-bsrloopback0[RouterD-pim]c-rploopback0[RouterD-pim]quit#配置BGP協議和MBGP對等體，并引入直連和OSPF路由。[RouterD]bgp200[RouterD-bgp]router-id4.4.4.4[RouterD-bgp]import-routedirect[RouterD-bgp]import-routeospf1[RouterD-bgp]ipv4-familymulticast[RouterD-bgp-af-mul]import-routedirect[RouterD-bgp-af-mul]import-routeospf1[RouterD-bgp-af-mul]quit[RouterD-bgp]quit#配置MSDP對等體。[RouterD]msdp[RouterD-msdp]return2.配置文件<RouterD>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterD#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceEthernet1/1?portlink-moderoute?igmpenable?pimsm#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protocolppp?pimbsr-boundary?pimsm#interfacePos5/1?link-protocolppp?pimbsr-boundary?pimsm#interfaceLoopBack0?ipaddress4.4.4?pimsm#bgp200?router-id4.4.4.4?import-routedirect?import-routeospf1?undosynchronization#?ipv4-familymulticast?import-routedirect??import-routeospf1#ospf1?area0.0.0.0?network4.4.40.0.0.2550.0.0.2550.0.0.255#pim?c-bsrLoopBack0?c-rpLoopBack0#msdp#return4.3.5?RouterE的配置1.配置步驟#配置OSPF協議。<RouterE>system-view[RouterE]ospf1[RouterE-ospf-1]area0.0.0.0[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[RouterE-ospf-1]quit#使能IP組播路由，并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。[RouterE]multicastrouting-enable[RouterE]interfaceserial2/1[RouterE-Serial2/1]pimsm[RouterE-Serial2/1]quit[RouterE]interfaceserial2/2[RouterE-Serial2/2]pimsm[RouterE-Serial2/2]quit[RouterE]interfaceloopback0[RouterE-LoopBack0]pimsm[RouterE-LoopBack0]quit#配置BSR的服務邊界。[RouterE]interfaceserial2/1[RouterE-Serial2/1]pimbsr-boundary[RouterE-Serial2/1]quit#將Loopback0接口配置為C-BSR和C-RP。[RouterE]pim[RouterE-pim]c-bsrloopback0[RouterE-pim]c-rploopback0[RouterE-pim]quit#配置BGP協議和MBGP對等體，并引入OSPF路由。[RouterE]bgp200[RouterE-bgp]router-id5.5.5.5[RouterE-bgp]import-routeospf1[RouterE-bgp]ipv4-familymulticast[RouterE-bgp-af-mul]import-routeospf1[RouterE-bgp-af-mul]quit[RouterE-bgp]quit#配置MSDP對等體。[RouterE]msdp[RouterE-msdp]return2.配置文件<RouterE>displaycurrent-configuration#?sysnameRouterE#?multicastrouting-enable#interfaceSerial2/1?link-protoco