2.1重油元素分析結(jié)果如下：C：85.5% H：11.3% O：2.0% N：0.2% 試計算：1〕燃油1kg所需理論空氣量和產(chǎn)生的理論煙氣量；2〕干煙氣中SO2的濃度和CO2的最大濃度；3〕當(dāng)空氣的過剩量為10%時，所需的空氣量及產(chǎn)生的煙氣量。〔g〕摩爾數(shù)〔g〕需氧數(shù)〔g〕〔g〕摩爾數(shù)〔g〕需氧數(shù)〔g〕C85571.2571.25H113－2.555.2527.625S100.31250.3125HO222.51.250〔1〕71.25+27.625+0.3125=99.1875mol/kg1：3.78，99.1875×4.78=474.12mol/kg2 2重油。474.12×22.4/1000=10.62m3/kgNCO71.25mol，HO55.25+11.25=56.50mol，SO0.1325mol，N3.78×2 2 2 299.1875=374.93mol。理論煙氣量71.25+56.50+0.3125+374.93=502.99mol/kg重油。即502.99N22.4/1000=11.27m3/kgN〔2〕502.99－56.50=446.49mol/kgSO百分比濃度為0 .3125 100 % 0 .07 % ，2 446 .49CO2

存在最大濃度71.25 100 % 15.96%。446 .49NN1.1×10.62=11.68m3/kg11.267+0.1×10.62=12.33m3/kg油NN2.2一般煤的元素分析如下：C65.7%18.1%；S1.7%；H3.2%9.0%；O2.3%〔N量不計〕計算燃煤1kg所需要的理論空氣量和S2在煙氣中的濃度〔以體積分?jǐn)?shù)計；假定煙塵的排放因子為80，計算煙氣中灰分的濃度〔以mg/3表示；假定用硫化床燃燒技術(shù)加石灰石脫硫。石灰石中含Ca35%。當(dāng)Ca/S為1.7〔摩爾比〕時，計算燃煤1t需加石灰石的量。解：相對于碳元素作如下計算：%〔質(zhì)量〕mol/100gmol/molC65.75.4751H3.23.20.584S1.70.0530.010O2.30.0720.013灰分18.13.306g/mol水分9.01.644g/molCH0.584S0.010O0.013，燃料的摩爾質(zhì)量〔包括灰分和水分〕為1005.475

18 26 g /molC 。燃燒方程式為：CH S O n(O 3.78N )CO 0.292H O0.010SO 3.78nN0.584 0.010 0.013 2 2 2 2 2 2n=1+0.584/4+0.010－0.013/2=1.14951.1495(13.78)

18.26

100022.4103m3/kg6.74m3/kg；2

0.01010.2920.0103.781.1495

1.64418

100%0.174%

18.1

1000100

80%144.8g/kg煙氣量〔1+0.292+0.010+3.781.1495+1.644/18〕1000/18.2622.410－3=6.826m3/kg144.8 4 3灰分濃度為 103mg/m3=2.12×10mg/m6.82610001.7%1.740

32.0035%

103.21kg/t2.3煤的元素分析結(jié)果如下S0.6%；H3.7%；C79.5%；N0.9%；O4.7%；灰分10.6%20%SO2的濃度。解：1kg重量〔g〕摩爾數(shù)〔mol〕〔mol〕C79566.2566.25H31.12515.56257.78S60.18750.1875HO52.8752.9402

體積比為3.78：1，2 24.78×〔66.25+7.78+0.1875〕=354.76mol/kgCO266.25mol，SO20.1875mol，H2O15.5625+2.94=18.50mol354.762 4.78

280.54mol總計66.25+`8.50+0.1875+280.54=365.48mol/kg煤實(shí)際煙氣量365.48+0.2×354.76=436.43mol/kg煤，SO20.1875100%0.043%436.43

濃度為2.4某鍋爐燃用煤氣的成分如下：H2S0.2%；CO25%；O20.2%；CO28.5%；12g/m3N，1.2，試求實(shí)際需要的空氣量和燃燒時產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際煙氣量。解：1molHS 0.002mol 耗氧量0.003mol2CO 0.05mol 02CO 0.285mol 0.143molH〔0.13-0.004〕mol 0.063mol2CH 0.007mol 0.014mol4NO

體積比為2 2 21.2×1.066mol=1.279mol。12g/m3HO0.67mol/m3，14.94L/m3HON

21.27911.493%

N N 21.298mol。煙氣量SO0.002molCO0.285+0.007+0.05=0.342molN0.2232 2 220.002+0.342+1.367+0.201+0.2×1.066=2.125mol2.5干煙道氣的組成為：C11〔體積，28，CO2，S12×106〔體積分?jǐn)?shù)，顆粒物30.0g/m3〔在測定狀態(tài)下〕，煙道氣流流量在 700mmHg和443K條件下為5663.37m3/min，水氣含量8%〔體積。2〕SO的排放濃度〔g/m3〕在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下1atm和2273，干煙道體積；〕解：1〕N%=1－11%－8%－2%－0.012%=78.99%2由《大氣污染掌握工程》P46〔2－11〕空氣過剩 80.52 100%50.5%0.26478.99(80.52)在測定狀態(tài)下，氣體的摩爾體積為PV T

10132522.4443V 11 22 T P1 2

39.46L/mol；273700133.3221m3煙氣進(jìn)展計算，則SO120×10－6m3，排放濃度為212010639.46103

(18%)640.179g/m3。22.4

39.46

(18%)2957m3N

/min。

39.4622.4

52.85g/m3。N硫1.6%；氧7.4%；灰8.7%，燃燒條件為空氣過量20%，空氣的濕度為0.0116molH2O/mol干空氣，并假定完全燃燒，試計算煙氣的組成。解：1kg重量〔g〕摩爾數(shù)〔mol〕〔mol〕C75863.1763.17H40.7520.37510.19S160.50.5HO83.254.62502需氧63.17+10.19+0.5=73.86mol設(shè)干空氣中NO體積比為3.78173.86×4.78×1.2=423.66mol，2 2423.66×0.0116=4.91mol。煙氣中：CO63.17mol；SO0.5mol；HO4.91+4.625+20.375=29.91mol；2 2 2N73.86×3.78=279.19mol0.2×73.86×4.78=70.61mol。2實(shí)際煙氣量為63.17+0.5+29.91+279.19+70.61=443.38molCO2

63.17443.38

100%14.25%；SO2

0.5443.38

100%0.11%；2 443.38

100%6.74%；N2

279.190.7970.61100%75.55%。443.38O70.610.209100%3.33%。2 443.382－7和上題的計算結(jié)果，估算煤煙氣的酸露點(diǎn)。解：0.111/60SOSOSO2 2 3 31 1.83105P=1.83×10－5，lgP=-4.737。60

H2SO42－7134基于干煙氣〕為：O21.5%；CO600×10－6〔體積分?jǐn)?shù)。試計算燃燒過程的空氣過剩系數(shù)。以1kg油燃燒計算，C 860g 71.67mol；H 140g 35mol。COxmol，0.5xmol，CO2

〔71.67－x〕mol，耗氧〔71.67－x〕mol。2

1.5%x 。600106總氧量

1.5%x

0.5x(71.67x)35106.6724.5x，干空氣中NO體積600106 2 22

3.78×106.67+24.5x。依據(jù)干煙氣量可列出如下方程：1.5%x600106

x ，解得x=0.306600106CO71.670.306100%13.99；2 0.306600106N%3.78(24.50.306106.67)100%84.62%2： 0.306600106由《大氣污染掌握工程》P46〔2－11〕空氣過剩系數(shù)1 1.50.50.06 1.070.26484.62(1.50.50.06)因此氮在油中的最大含量為 0.05214 100%0.52%。0.0521412020Chapter2Wepassagasstreamthroughafiberfilterthatcollects85percentoftheparticlespresent.Ifweweretousethreesuchfiltersinseriesandifweassumethateachofthemhasan85percentsefficiency,whatwouletheexpectedoverallcollectionefficiencybe?FigurebelowshowsthefrequencydistributionofvariousvaluesfortheproductofHtimesuforPeoria,Illinois.Iftheaveragedailyemissionrateforcarbonmonoxideforthiscityis 2107g/(hmi2)andthestandardtobemetis10mg/m3,whatfractionofthetimemustweimplementintermittentcontroltomeetthisstandard?Assumethatthesimpleboxmodel(Section6.2)applies,thatthesizeofthecityis5miby5mi,andthatthebackgroundconcentrationis2mg/m3。Airat2200oF and1atmisflowingatarateof000lb/minoutoftheafterburneronahazardouswasteincinerator.Howmanyscfmisthis?Howmanyacfmisthis?a.Writethegeneralequationforthemolfractionofwaterinacombustionstackgas,ontheassumptionthatthefuelisahydrocarbonwithformula CHx y

,thattheairmoistureisXm