第第頁七寶中學(xué)高三下英語摸底考試II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee!”“Tearthemapart!”Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimethey(21)__________(make),theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkid(22)__________.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumes(23)__________(write)aboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含義)(24)__________causeustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent”is“enemy”,onewhoopposesyourinterests.Thus,(25)__________aplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryactionmaybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequest(26)__________atimeoutforaglovechange.Theplayerscreamedinangerandthenstrucktherefereehardontheface.Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequences(27)__________suchamovemighthavehurtanyone.Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitude(28)__________(depart)fromnormalbehavior.Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevatedthegametothelevel(29)__________itbelongs,inordertosetanexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent”with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate”is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion”.Reflectupon(30)__________Ihavesaidforamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent”.

SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.appropriate B.bursts C.conducive D.consult AB.densely AC.initialAD.delicately BC.publications BD.references CD.require ABC.sense ReadingaspartofwritingOneofthetechniquesofwritingsuccessfullyinanacademicenvironmentistobeabletocombinetheimportantpointsofwhatyouhavereadwithyourownwriting.Todothis,youmusthaveaclearpictureofwhatyouhaveread,andthisinitselfwill_____31_____activeandfocusedreading.Withacademicreading,itisnecessarytofocusconstantlyonwhattheauthorissaying.Yetmanyacademictextsare_____32_____writteninunfamiliarways,whichmakethemmuchmoredifficulttomanagethan,forexample,anoveloramagazinearticle.Althoughsometimestheremaybereasonswhyyouneedtoskim-readanarticleorbook,thisislikelytobeonlytogetthegeneralideaofwhatisbeingsaid,asawayofdecidingwhetheritis_____33_____readingmaterialornot.Ingeneral,skim-readingisnotaparticularlyusefulstrategyforastudent,butyoumaywellbeusedtodoingthisinothercontexts,forexample,skimmingthroughanewspaperarticleorsurfingtheweb.Insteadofskim-reading,youwillbedevelopingwaysofconcentratingonquitedensetextsandmaking_____34_____ofthem.Eventhoughyoumayonlybereadingforshort_____35_____oftime,itislikelythatyouwillhavetoconcentratefarmoreintenselyonacademicreadingmaterialthan,forexample,whenreadingforpleasure.Youdon’tnecessarilyhavetoworkinthelibrary,butyouwillneedtodecidewhattypeoflocationandatmospheresuitsyoubest,andestablishconditionsthatare_____36_____toeffectivestudy.The_____37_____difficultythatmoststudentsfaceischoosingtheirreading.Thefirstthingtodoisto_____38_____thereadinglistyouhavebeengivenforbooksandarticlesthatseemrelevanttoyourparticularassignment.Doingalibrarysearch,bykeywordsorsubject,isalsousefulifthe_____39_____onyourreadinglistarealreadyonloanfromthelibrary.Yourtutorshouldalsobeabletoadviseyouastowhicharethemostrelevant_____40_____orwebsites.

III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Itusedtobethatpeoplewereproudtoworkforthesamecompanyforthewholeoftheirworkinglives.They’dgetagoldwatchattheendoftheir_____41_____yearsandadinnerfeaturingspeechesbytheirbossespraisingtheir_____42_____.Buttoday’srichcapitalistshaveregressed(倒退)tothe“survivalofthefittest”ideasandtheirloyaltyextendsnottotheirworkersoreventotheir_____43_____butonlytothemselves._____44_____givingoutgoldwatchesworthathousandorsodollarsforfortyorsoyearsofwork,theygrabtensandevenhundredsofmillionsofdollarsastheysellfortheirownprofitthecompanytheymayhavebeenwithforonlyafewyears.Thenewrichselfishlyactontheirownto_____45_____grabthewealththatthecountryasawholehasproduced.Thetop1percentofthepopulationnowhaswealthequaltothewholebottom95percentandtheywantmore.Theirselfishnessismostshamelessly_____46_____indownsizingandoutsourcing(外包)becausethesebusinessmovementsdon’tacttocreatenewjobsasthefoundersofnew_____47_____usedtodo,butonlytocutoutjobswhilekeepingthemoneyvalueofwhatthosejobsproducedforthemselves.Tokeepthemoneymachineworkingsmoothlytherichhaveboughtallthe_____48_____fromthetopdown.ThepresidenthimselfisconstantlyleavingWashingtonandthebusinessofthenationbecauseheisinvitedto“_____49_____dinners”wherepersonsofimportancepayathousandorsodollarsaplateto_____50_____theirwayintogovernmentnotthroughservicebutthroughdonationsofvastamountsofmoney.Onceontheinsidetheyhavebothpoliticalpartiesbusily_____51_____alltheregulationsthatprotecttherestofusfromthegreedoftherich.Themiddleclassusedtobeloyaltothefreeenterprisesystem.Inthepast,thepeopleofthemiddleclassmostlythoughtthey’dberichthemselvessomedayorhavea(n)_____52_____tobecomerich.Butnowadaysincomeisbeing_____53_____moreandmoreunevenlyandcorporateloyaltyisathingofthe_____54_____.Themiddleclassmayalsowakeuptoforgetitsloyaltytotheso-calledfreeenterprisesystemandthegovernmentwhichgovernsonlytherestofuswhilelettingthecorporationdowhattheypleasewithourjobs.Asthingsstand,ifsomebodydoesn’twakeup,themiddleclassisonapathtobeing_____55_____allthewaytothebottomofsociety.41. A.prospective B.productive C.promotional D.proportional42. A.honesty B.efficiency C.decency D.loyalty43. A.stockholders B.personnel C.equivalents D.trainees44. A.Apartfrom B.Asfor C.Insteadof D.Regardlessof45. A.unfairly B.unintentionally C.unbearably D.unexpectedly46. A.expanded B.extended C.expressed D.exerted47. A.services B.fields C.careers D.industries48. A.millionaires B.politicians C.businessmen D.celebrities 49. A.policy-reforming B.money-making C.fund-raising D.merry-making50. A.launch B.push C.insist D.arouse51. A.tearingup B.conformingto C.defendingagainst D.breakingdown52. A.method B.resolution C.opportunity D.technique53. A.divided B.delivered C.deposited D.distributed 54. A.current B.past C.norm D.future55. A.dismissed B.deceived C.downsized D.distracted

SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)LeCorbusierhaddrawnuphisParisianschemeatamomentofunequalledurbancrisis.Acrossthedevelopingworld,citieswereexplodinginsize.In1800theFrenchcapitalwashometo647,000people.By1910threemillionweresqueezedwithinitsinadequateconfines.Inapartmentbuildings,severalfamiliestypicallysharedasingleroom.In1900,inthepoordistrictsofParis,onetoiletgenerallyserved70residents.Acold-watertapwasaluxury.Factoriesandworkshopsweresitedinthemiddleofresidentialareas.Streetswerechokedbytrafficdayandnight.LeCorbusierwashorrifiedbysuchconditions.‘Allcitieshavefallenintoamess,’heremarked,‘Theworldissick.’Giventhescaleofthecrisis,measureswereinorder,andthearchitectwasinnomoodtofeelsentimentalabouttheirsideeffects.‘Theexistingcentresmustcomedown,’hesaid,‘Tosaveitselfeverygreatcitymustrebuilditscentre.’Inordertoalleviateovercrowding,theancientlow-risebuildingswouldhavetobereplacedbyanewkindofstructureonlyrecentlymadepossiblebyadvancesinconcretetechnology:theskyscraper.‘2,700peoplewilluseonefrontdoor,’marveledLeCorbusier.Bybuildingupwards,twoproblemswouldberesolvedatastroke-overcrowdingandurbansprawl.Withroomenoughforeveryoneintowers,therewouldbenoneedtospreadoutwardsandabsorbthecountrysideintheprocess.Therewouldbeenoughgreenspaceaswell,asupto50percentofurbanlandwouldbedevotedtoparks.Thenewcitywoulditselfbeavastpark,withlargetowersdottedamongthetrees.Ontheroofsoftheapartmentblocks,therewouldbegamesoftennis,andsunbathingontheshoresofartificialbeaches.Meanwhile,LeCorbusierplannedtotransformthecitystreetsystem.Herecommendedthatthetwobeseparated.Inthenewcity,peoplewouldhavefootpathsalltothemselves,windingthroughwoodsandforests(nopedestrianwillevermeetanautomobile,ever!),whilecarswouldenjoymassiveanddedicatedmotorways,withsmooth,curvinginterchanges,thusguaranteeingthatnodriverwouldeverhavetoslowdownforthesakeofapedestrian.ThedivisionofcarsandpeoplewasbutoneelementinLeCorbusier’splanforareorganizationoflifeinthenewcity.Therewouldnolongerbefactories,forexample,inthemiddleofresidentialareas.Thenewcitywouldbeanarenaofgreenspace,cleanair,adequateaccommodationandflowers.56. WhatdidLeCorbusierthinkofthePariswhichhelivedin?A.Itwasturningonanewlook. B.Itwasincompletelydisorder.C.Itwasdevelopingveryslowly. D.Itwasinaseverefinancialcrisis.57. Theword“alleviate”(inparagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.cause B.relieve C.worsen D.understand58. AccordingtoLeCorbusier’sscheme,whatwouldhappeninParis?A.Therewouldbemoreroomforpedestriansthanvehicles.B.Morepeoplewouldchoosetoliveinsuburbanareas.C.Enoughspacewouldbesparedforsportsinparks.D.Areasofdifferentfunctionswouldn’tbemixed.59. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheoriginalformandthemalfunctionofParis.B.SomehistoricalfactsandfutureprospectsofParis.C.Anarchitect’splantorebuildthecentralpartofParis.D.WhatpeoplesufferedfrominthecrowdedcityofParis.

(B)MemoryexpertProfessorJemimaGryaznovanswersyourmostcommonquestionsaboutmemory.1.____________Werememberthethingsthathavestrongconnectionsinourmind,especiallyemotionalconnections.Childhoodmemoriesareoftenveryemotional:weexperiencethingsforthefirsttimesowehavestrongfeelingsoffearorexcitement.Retellingeventsalsohelpstofixtheminourmemoriesandinterestingorfunnystoriesfromourchildhoodareoftentoldagainandagain!2.Dosomepeoplereallyhaveaphotographicmemory?Itiswellknownthatsomepeoplehaveanextraordinarymemory.DanielTammet,forexample,canrememberthefirst22,500digitsofpiandStephenWiltshirecandrawadetailedpictureofacityfrommemoryafterflyingoveritinahelicopter.However,neitherDanielnorStephenhaveaphotographicmemory.Theyaregoodatrememberingparticularthingsforalimitedtime.Apersonwithaphotographicmemorycouldremembereverydetailofapicture,abookoraneventmanyyearslater.Noonehasyetprovedthattheyhaveaphotographicmemoryinascientifictest.3.Iscomputermemorybetterthanhumanmemory?Thatdependsonwhatyoumeanby‘better’!Informationinacomputerisstoredinseparatepieces.Humanmemoryisstoredinadifferentway.Eachpieceofinformationisconnectedtomanyotherpieces.That’swhyaparticularsmellcanbringbackmemoriesofaholidayoraperson.Theproblemwithhumanmemoryisthatitismessyandnotveryaccurate.Theproblemwithcomputermemoryisthatitcan’tmakeconnectionsbetweenpiecesofinformation—itisn’tcreative.4.I’m24.Ismymemorygettingworse?Notyet,butitwilldosoon.Ourmemoryreachesitsfullpowerattheageof25.Atthatpointwecanrememberupto200piecesofinformationasecond.Afterthisage,however,thebrainstartstogetsmaller.Bytheageof40wearelosing10,000braincellseveryday.Bymiddleageourmemoryissignificantlyworsethanwhenwewereyoung.5.Isitpossibletorememberearlychildhood?Scientistsusedtobelievethatitwasimpossibletorememberveryearlychildhood,butrecentresearchshowsthatbabiesaremuchclevererthanwepreviouslythought.Somepeoplereallycanrememberbeingababy.Others,however,remembernothingbeforetheageoffiveoreventen!60. Whichofthefollowingquestionsbestfitstheblankinthepassage?A.Whatcanwedotoimproveourmemoryaswegrowolder?B.Canchildhoodmemorieshelpusrememberwhathashappenedrecently?C.Howdoweestablishemotionalconnectionswithourchildhoodexperiences?D.WhycanIremembereventsinmychildhoodbutnotwhathappenedlastweek?61. Whatcanwelearnaboutphotographicmemory?A.Onlysomeofuscanbenefitfromit. B.Thereisnoreliableevidencethatitexists.C.Wecannotacquireitwithoutspecializedtraining. D.Itenablesustorememberdetailsinalimitedtime.62. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Inmostcasesinformationisseparatelystoredinhumanmemory.B.Human’sabilitytomemorizethingsdeclinesasthebraingetssmaller.C.Computermemoryisbetterthanhumanmemoryfrommanyperspectives.D.Whetherwecanrememberourearly-childhoodneedsmorescientificresearch.

(C)Formanyhealth-consciouspeople,breadisalittlesliceofhell.Shelvesofmultigrainloaves—orfriendspassingaroundsourdough(酵母面包)startersandattachingthewordartisanal(手工藝性的)totheancientcombinationofyeast(酵母),flourandwater—haveledconsumerstobelievewholegrainbreadishealthierthanindustrialwhitebread.Thattrendhasmadeforalotofexpensivesandwiches.Fortunately,anewstudybyresearchersattheWeizmannInstituteofScienceisheretocutthroughtheconfusion.Inthestudy,publishedinCellMetabolism,researchersrandomized20participantstoconsumeeitherprocessedwhitebreadorartisanalwholewheatsourdoughinordertocomparetheeffectsofeachonthebody.Beforethestudystarted,allparticipantsconsumedthesameamountofwhiteandnonwhitebreadforseveraldays.Theneachgroupate,onaverage,atleast100gramsofbread—threetofourslices—perdayforoneweek.Afteratwo-weekbreak,thegroupsswitchedtypesforanotherbread-ladenweek.Thetotalamountofcaloriestheparticipantsconsumedremainedconstantthedurationofthestudy.Theresearchersweresurprisedbywhattheyfound.“Therewerenoclinicallysignificantdifferencesbetweentheeffectsofthesetwotypesofbreadonwhateverwemeasured,”saidcomputationalbiologistEranSegal,seniorauthorofthestudyinastatement.Thosemeasuredincludedglucoselevelsuponwaking,fatandcholesterollevels,theamountsofessentialmineralsinthebloodstreamandseveralindicatorsoftissuedamage.Segalandcolleaguesexamined20variablesandfoundnotonenotabledifferencebetweenthewhitebreadeatersandtheartisanalbreadeaters.Thekeyfinding:Itwasn’tthatbothbreadshadnoeffectonthebody.Rather,theybothdidequaldamage.Asitturnsout,halftheparticipantshadahigherglycemicresponsetoindustrialwhitebread,andhalfhadthehigherresponsetoartisanalsourdoughbread.Theresearchersalsofoundthatwhichbreadwasbestforyoucanbepredictedbasedonthebacteriapresentinyourbody.Theyfoundthatthe“profile”—thevarietyofbacterialspecies—correlatedwiththeglycemic(血糖)responsetoeachbread.Thesmallsizeofthestudymeanstheresultsshouldbeconsideredpreliminary.Theresearchershopetostudythesepredictorsmorecarefullyasapotentialwaytoimprovenutritionalrecommendations,saysbiologistAvrahamLevy,anotherstudyco-author.Inshort,thestudyprovidesvitalevidencethatweneedtostopjudgingeachotherinthesupermarketbreadaisle.63. Whydoestheauthoruse“fortunately”atthebeginningofthesecondparagraph?A.Thestudyisconductedbyresearchersspecializinginfoodandnutrition. B.Thestudycandeepenpeople’sunderstandingoftheadvantagesofyeast.C.Thestudyhasmadegreatbreakthroughsinfindingwhatmattersinbread. D.Thestudyshowsyouneedn’tspendsomuchmoneyonwholegrainbread.64. Whatcanbeconcludedfromthestudymentionedinthepassage? A.Bothwhitebreadandnonwhitebreadmaydoharmtoourhealth.B.Peoplerespondsimilarlytowhitebreadbutdifferentlytononwhitebread. C.Whitebreadandwholegrainbreadproducenoimmediateeffectonthebody. D.Whitebreadeatersandartisanalbreadeatersreportdifferentbodyresponses.65. Thefindingsneedmoreresearchbecauseof______. A.thetheorytheyarebasedon B.thenumberofparticipants C.themethodoftheexperiments D.thedurationofthestudy66. Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith? A.It’sbettertosticktoancientwaysofmakingbread. B.Supermarketsshouldlabelthebreadthatmaydoharm.C.Thereisnoneedtochoosebreadduetoitsingredients.D.Breadmustbefreeofbacteriaforthesakeofourhealth.

SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Itcatchesyourattentionandimmersesyouinchewingit.B.Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.C.Yet,thatdidn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.D.Thebestarticlesarejustlikemagnets,draggingreaderstosharethemwitheachother.E.Theyneededtobearousedonewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.F.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitoredindifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.__________67__________Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsadstories.“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“__________68__________Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication—e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative.__________69__________Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonNewYorkTimes’website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes’readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.__________70__________Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“WhyThingsCatchOn.”

IV.71.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Livingto100Sincethemid1950s,lifeexpectancyaroundtheworldhasincreaseddramatically,andmanyscientistsbelievethatthistrendislikelytocontinueinthefuture.Themainreasonfortheincreaseduringthisperiodwasthedeclineininfantmortality(死亡).Fewerchildrendiedatanearlyage,andthiswasmainlybecauseofimprovedhealthcareandbetterfoodproduction.Mostexpertsbelievethatpeoplewillcontinuetolivelongerinthefuturebecauseofmedicaladvances.ResearcherspredictthatatleasthalfoftheNorthAmericanandJapanesebabiesbornsincetheyear2000willlivetoanageof90,andtenpercentto100yearsold.Furthermore,newdrugsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillslowdowntheageingprocess.Thesewillbeavailableinafewyears,andtheywillenablepeopletolive20yearslonger.Ifthecurrentolderpopulationsinmanycountriesbecomehealthier,wealthierandlivelonger,thetrendwillhaveimportantconsequencesforpeopleandgovernments.Thecostofmedicalcareforolderpeoplewillrise,andgovernmentswillhavetostartthinkinghardabouthowtofundstatepensionsforoldercitizens.Somepeoplewillwan