英語試第一部分:(共兩節,滿分20分做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。內容結束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案515項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱下一小題。每段僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?￡WhatdoesthemanwanttodoBuyacameraHelptheWhatarethespeakerstalking AnoisynightTheirlifeintownAceofWhereisthemannowOnhisInarestaurantAtWhatwillCeliadoFindayerWatchaybasketballWhatdayisitwhentheconversationtakes15115選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段或獨白讀兩遍。WhatisSaragoingtodoBuyJohnagiftGiveJohnasurpriseInviteJohntoFranceWhatdoesthemanthinkofSara’s B. C.WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeterShehastogiveuphertravelShewantstovisitanotherSheneedstoputoffherWhatdoesDianawantPetertoHelpherwithherTakeabooktoherTeachageography8段材料,1012WhydoesthemancalltheTolherabouthernewToaskaboutherjobTonameetingwithWhoneedsanew B. C.WhereisthewomanIn B.InNew C.In91316WhatdoesJanconsidermostimportantwhenhejudgesarestaurantWheretherestaurantisWhetherthepricesarelowHowwellthefoodispreparedWhendidJanbegintowriteforamagazineAfterhecamebacktoSwedenBeforehewenttotheUnitedStatesAssoonashegotfindagoodrestaurantWhatmayJandotofindagoodrestaurantTalktopeopleinthestreetSpeaktotaxiAskhoclerksWhatdoweknowaboutJanHecooksforarestaurantHetravelsalotforhisHeprefersAmericanfood101720WhatdoweknowaboutthezaIt’sanew B,It’sasmalltown.C.It’sapublicWhendoParentsandchildrenlikegoingtothezaLeonSaturday B.Sundayafternoons.C.FridaysandWhydoesthespeakerlikeHoratioStreetbestViadelMarStreet.B. Street.C. StreetWhydoestheSpeakerlikeHoratioStreetbestIthasanoldstonesurfaceItisnamedafterawriterIthasfamous例:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogivea heorsheA.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD. essentialtotheirdevelopment.A. B. C. D.—TheTshirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshown ?ButIpromiseyouwe’lllookintoitrightWhoHowWhatWhy—Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustlove—Metoo.Thecharacterofthetownis pLionelMessi talentedfootballyerinEurope.tohaving—CouldIuseyourcartomorrow—Sure. areportatwillbewillhavehavehavebeenIamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveanfromyou. ThepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend.OnaccountInresponseInviewWithregard “thatmyfatherwouldcometomyIdoIIhavedidIIntheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer, itisdiscovered,willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.getlookcomeIshouldnothavelaughedif youwerewouldhadhaveShortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.beinghavingTheoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionfor,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakea thebetter.—Whataboutyourselfdrivetrip—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,and aroughwouldhave—Thankyouforthe .IthoughttheymightcheeryouThat’sAllImallIt’sall20120A、B、C、DIusedtobelieveintheAmericanDreamwhichmeantajobamortgage按揭creditcards,success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus36chasingthesameOneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell37.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.I38thecountrysideforsomeceIcouldrentforthe39possibleamount.Icameuponashabbyhousefourupawindingmountainroad40thePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas41,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and42acornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,43slowly,theystartedteachingmethe44ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof47.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere48foracivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisce.49onthemountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy50withmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto51.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,52theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto53ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI’vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherces.We’dallbein54ifwehadn’tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It’snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it’sabout55wecanallgetbytogether.36.A.yB.C.D.37.A.B.C.D.38.A.B.C.D.39.A.B.C.D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.put B.turn C.take D.getA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.Theleafletistoinformvisitorsofthe advancedthrillentertainmentthoughtfulAvisitortothePark rentastrolleroutsideFrontaskforfirstaidbyThundersmokeintheWaterleavehispetatBWe’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,ticketsfromscalpers(票販子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsrecesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivitiesThemoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(主義的)appeal.Theylustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonoternalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlyernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,yedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthe istryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”ingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichces.YoumightcallthisephonicqueuejumOfcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstorecequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,imaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesinthesecesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlycesthatmarketshaveentered.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowing ernedbythecome,firstTakingBuyingFlyingwithanVisitingamusementTheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5thenecessityofpatienceintheadvantageofmoderntheuncertaintyofallocationthefairnessofephonicThepassageismeanttojustifypayingforfasterdiscussthemoralsofallocatingyzethereasonforstandingincriticizethebehaviorofqueue

CIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaythebends.Nitrogen(氮dissolved(溶解inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(氣泡)accumulateinajointissharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthispression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofpressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousWhenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwith pression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolve pressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoand,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食動物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchainIntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.WhichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomoftheAtwistedAgradualdecreaseinbloodAsuddenreleaseofnitrogeninAdropinbloodThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyisto howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthehowichthyosaursadapted whyichthyosaursbenttheirwhenichthyosaursbroketheirconfirmedhisspeededuphisresearchdisagreedwithhischangedhisresearchRothschildmighthaveconcludedthatfailedtoevolvean pressiongraduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthediedoutbecauseoflargesharksandevolvedan pressionmeansbutsoonlostDMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartofthelitureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainntedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.HedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintotheAgainandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemeddtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrudeTwainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(貧民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehad alities,“thevoicesurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheThereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodaschallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(的)towhites,especiallyinligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabybyhiswife.Theslave’slight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster’swife’sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture(養育),notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—weretoTwainindicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaverydonitsvictims.Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythepassageinhisautobiography自傳abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.HisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidWasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioningthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingoftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartohim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.HowdoTwain’snovelsonslaverydifferfromTwainwasmorewillingtodealwithTwain’sattackonracismwasmuchlessTwain’sthemesseemedtoagreewithTwainwasopenlyconcernedwithRecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfrom targetreadersattheantislaveryratherimpolitefrequentuseofWhatbestprovesTwain’santislaverystandaccordingtotheJim’ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedinTheslave’svoicewasfirstheardinAmericanJimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteTwainedthattheslaveswerelessinThestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicates slavesweredtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirslavesbabiescouldslaveholders‵wayofblacks‵socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtblackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofWhatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referTheSlaveryandWhiteTheWhatdoestheauthormainlyargueTwainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackTwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbraham workshadbeenbannedonunreasonableTwainsworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointof10110QuietVirtue:TheTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(認真盡責)—beingpunctual,carefulin work,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一絲不茍的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelps ersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi鄄skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganizationthesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)a