本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目目：EvalluatinngWatterCoonservvationnMeasureesForrGreeenBuiildinggInTaiwwan文獻(xiàn)、資料來源源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)：國道數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表表（出版）日日期：20003.9.25院（部）：市市政與環(huán)境工工程學(xué)院專業(yè)：：給水排水工程程班級(jí)：：姓名：：學(xué)號(hào)：：指導(dǎo)教師：翻譯日期：22008.5.20外文文獻(xiàn)：EvaluattingWWaterConserrvatioonMeasurresForGrreenBuuildinngInTaiiwanCheng-LLiCheengGreenBuuildinngevaaluatiionissaneewsysstemiinwhiichwaatercconserrvatioonispriorritizeedasoneoofitssseveencattegoriiesfoorsavvingwwaterresouurcesthrouughbuuildinngequuipmenntdessigniinTaiiwan.ThispaperrintrroduceestheeGreeenBuiildinggproggramaandprroposeesawwaterconseervatiioninndexwwithqquantiitativvemetthodollogyaandcaasesttudy.Thisevaluuationnindeexinvvolvessstanndardiizedsscienttificquanttificaationandccanbeeuseddinttheprre-dessignsstagetoobbtaintheeexpecttedreesult..ThemeasuureoffevalluatiooninddexissalsoobaseedontheeessenttialrresearrchinTaiwwananndisapraacticaalanddappllicablleappproachh.Keywordds:GrreenBBuildiing;EEvaluaationsysteem;Waatercconserrvatioon;Buuildinngequuipmennt1.IntrroducttionTheenvvironmmentwwasannissuueofdeepglobaalconncernthrouughouttthelatteerhallfofthe220thccenturry.Frreshwwatershorttagesandppolluttionaarebeecominngoneeoftthemoostcrriticaalgloobalpprobleems.MManyoorganiizatioonsanndconnferenncescconcerrningwaterrresoourcepoliccyanddissuueshaavereeacheddtheconseensusthatwaterrshorrtagessmaycauseewarinthhe21sstcenntury[[1],iffnotabettterssolutiion.AActuallly,TTaiwannisaalreaddyexpperienncingsigniificanntdisscordoverwaterrsuppply.BBuildiingneewdammsisnoloongeranaccceptaablessolutiiontoothecurreentwaatersshortaageprroblemms,beecauseeoftthecoonsequuenteenviroonmenttalprroblemms.Prreviouusstuudieshaveconclludedthatwaaterssavinggsareeneceessaryynotonlyforwwaterconseervatiionbuutalssoforrreduucingenerggyconnsumpttion[[2,3]..TaiwanisloocateddinttheAssianmmonsooonareeaanddhasanabbundanntsuppplyoofraiinwateer.Annnualpreciipitattionaaveraggesarround2500mmm.Hooweverr,wattershhortaggeshaavereecentllybeeenaccriticcalprroblemmduriingthhedryyseasson.TThecrruciall,cenntralissueeisttheunnevendistrributiionofftorrrentiaalraiin,stteephhillsiides,andsshortriverrs.Fuurtherrmore,,theheavyydemaandfoordommesticcwateeruseeinmmuniciipalaareas,,andtheddifficcultieesinbuilddingnnewreeservooirsaareallsocrriticaalfacctors..Goveernmenntdeppartmeentsaareenndeavooringtosppreadpubliiclytthecooncepttofwwater--conseervatiion.WWhileindusstryaandcoommerccehavvemaddeexccellenntproogresssinwwaterconseervatiion,pprogreessammongtthepuublichasbbeeneextremmelysslow.DDuetoothissglobbaltrrend,theAArchittecturreanddBuilldingReseaarchIInstittute((ABRI)),MinnistryyofIInteriiorinnTaiwwan,ppropossedthhe“GreennBuillding”concceptaandbuuiltttheevvaluattionssystemm.Inorderrtossavewwaterresouurcesthrouughbuuildinngequuipmenntdessign,thissysteempriioritiizeswwaterconseervatiionassoneofittssevvencaategorries.ThispaperrfocuusesoontheewateerconnservaationmeasuuresfforGrreenBuuildinnginTaiwaananddaquuantittativeeproccedureeforproviingwaater-ssavinggeffiicienccy.Thhepurrposeofthhiswoorkissnotonlyaimeddatssavinggwateerressourcees,buutalssoatreduccingttheennvironnmentaalimpactonthheearrth.2.WateerconnservaationindexxTheewateerconnservaationindexxisttheraatioooftheeactuualquuantittyofwaterrconssumedinabuilddingttotheeaverragewwater--consuumptiooningenerral.TTheinndexiisalssocallled,“thewwatersavinngratte”.Evaaluatiionsooftheewateer-connsumpttionqquantiityinncludeetheevaluuationntotthewaater-ssavinggeffiicienccywitthinkkitcheens,bbathrooomsaandalllwattertaaps,aaswelllastherrecycllingoofraiinanddtheseconndhanddinteermediiatewwater..2.1.GooaloffusinngtheewateerconnservaationindexxAlthougghTaiiwanhhaspllentyofraain,dduetooitslargeepopuulatioon,thheaveeragerainffallffordiistribbutionntoeeachiindiviidualispooorcoompareedtothewworldaveraageassshowwninFig.1.Thuus,Taaiwanisreeverseelyacounttryshhortoofwatter.YYet,tthereecentimproovemenntsinncitiizens’stanndardssofllivingghaveeledtoabigiincreaaseinntheamounntofwaterrneeddedinncitiies,aasshoowninnFig..2,wwhich,,accoompaniiedbyythediffiicultyyofoobtainningnnewwaaterrresourrces,makessthewaterrshorrtageprobllemevvenwoorse.Duettotheeimprroperwaterrfaciilitieesdessignsinthhepasst,thhelowwwateerfeee,anddtheusuallpraccticallbehaaviorofpeeoplewhenusinggwateer,Taaiwaneesepeeoplehavetendeedtouseaalarggequaantityyofttapwaater.In19990,thheaveeragewaterr-conssumptiionquuantittyinTaiwaanwass350llperpersoonperrday,,wherreasiinGerrmanyitissabouut1455lperrperssonpeerdayy,anddinSSingapporeaabout150lperppersonnperday.TheseestattisticcsrevvealttheneeedfoorTaiiwanessepeooplettosavvewatter.Theeprommotionnofbbetterr-desiignedfacillitiesswhicchfaccilitaatewaater-ssavinggwilllbecoomeanewttrendamonggthepubliicandddesiignerss,beccauseofcooncernnsforrenviironmeentalproteectionn.Theewateerconnservaationindexxwasalsodesiggnedttoenccouraggeutiilizattionooftheerainn,reccyclinngofwaterruseddineeveryddayliifeannduseeofwwater--savinngequuipmennttoreduccetheeexpeendituureoffwateeranddthusssaveewateerressourcees.2.2.MeethodoologyforeefficiientuuseoffwateerressourceesSommeconnstrucctionconsiiderattionsandbbuildiingsyystemdesiggnsfoorefffectivveuseeofwwaterresouurcesareddescriibedbbelow...Usewwater--conseervatiioneqquipmeentAreesearcchofhouseeholdtap-wwaterconsuumptioonrevvealeddthattthepropoortionnoftthewaateruusediinfluushinggtoilletsaandinnbathhing,amounntstooapprroximaately50%ooftheetotaalhouuseholldwattercoonsumpption,,asggiveninTaable11.Mannyconnstrucctiondesiggnershavetendeedtouselluxuriiouswwaterfacillitiessinhhousinng,anndmucchwatterhaasthuusbeeenwassted.Theuuseoffwateer-savvingeequipmmentttorepplacesuchfacillitiessisccertaiintosavealarrgeammountofwaater.Foreexamplle,thheamoountsofwaateruusediintakkingaashowweranndhavvingaabathhisqquitediffeerent..Asiingleshoweeruseesaroound770loffwateer,whhereassabaathussesarround150l..Furtthermoore,ccurrenntconnstrucctiondesiggnsfoorhouusinginTaaiwantendtopuuttwoosetssofbbathtuubsanndtoiilets,,andquiteeafeewfammiliesshaveetheiirownnmasssagebbathtuubs.SSuchaasituuationncanbeimmproveedonllybyremovvingtthetuubsanndrepplacinngtheemwitthshoowernnozzlees,soothattmoreewateercannbeppossibblysaaved.Theccommonnlyussedwaater-ssavinggdeviicesiinTaiiwannnowinncludeenew--styleewateertapps,waater-ssavinggtoillets,two-ssectioonedwwatercloseets,wwater--savinngshoowernnozzlees,anndautto-sennsorfflushiingdeevicesysteems,eetc.WWater--savinngdevvicescanbbeuseednottonlyyforhousiing,bbutallsoinnotheerkinndsoffbuilldingss.Pubblicbbuildiings,inpaarticuular,shoulldtakketheeleaddinuusingwaterr-saviingdeevicess..Setuuparrain-sstoraggewattersuupplydevicceTheerainn-storragewwatersuppllydevvicesstoressrainnusinngnatturallandfformsormaan-maddedevvices,,andthenusessimpllewatter-clleaninngproocedurrestoomakeeitaavailaablefforusseinhousees.Raaincaanbeusednotoonlyaasassubstiitutewaterrsuppply,bbutallsofoorrecontrrol.IItsussealssohellpstoodecrreasetheppeak-ttimewwaterloadinciities..TheannuaalaveeragerainffalliinTaiiwaniisaboout25500mmm,almmostttripleebettterthhanthhegloobalaaveragge.Hooweverr,dueetoggeograaphiclimittationns,weecoulldnottbuilldenooughwwaterstoraagedeevicess,succhasdams,,tossaveaallthheraiin.Ittisqquiteapittythaatannnuallyyabouut80%%ofttheraaininnTaiwwanisswasttedanndfloowsdiirectllyinttotheesea,,withhoutbbeingsaveddandstoreed.Thheraiin-stooragewaterrsuppplysyystemisussedwiithawaterr-gathheringgsysttem,wwater--dispoosalssystemm,watter-sttorageesysttemanndwatter-suupplysysteem.Fiirst,thewwater--gatheeringsysteemgattherstherrain.Then,,thewaterrflowwstothewwater--dispoosalssystemmthrooughppipes,,befoorebeeingssentttotheewateer-stooragesysteem.Fiinallyy,itisseenttootheuserss’equippmentthrouughannotherrsetofpiipes.Usinggthedrainnonttherooofoffabuuildinng,leeadinggtottheunndergrroundwaterr-storragettroughh,isconsiidereddaneeffecttivemmeansofgaatheriingraain.TThewaater,afterrsimpplewaater-ddispossalprrocessses,ccanbeeuseddforchoreessucchashouseecleaaning,,washhingffloorss,airr-condditionningoorwatteringgplannts..EstabblishiingthheinttermeddiatewaterrsysttemInttermeddiatewaterristthatggatherredfrromthheraiinincitiees,anndinccludesstherecyccledwwaste--waterrwhicchhassalreeadybbeenddispossedoffandcanbbeuseedreppeateddlyonnlywiithinacerrtainrangee,buttnotforddrinkiingorrhumaanconntact..Flusshingthettoilettconssumes35%oofalllwateer.Iffeverryoneweretousseinttermeddiatewaterrtofflushtoileets,mmuchwwatercoulddbeeefficiientlyysaveed.Laarge-sscaleinterrmediaatewaaterssystemmdeviicesaaresuuggesttedtoobebbuiltupreegularrlywiithinnabiigareea.Eaachinntermeediateewateersysstemddeviceecangatheer,diisposeeandrecyccleacertaainquuantittyofwastee-wateerfroomneaarbyggovernnmentbuilddings,,schoools,residdencess,hottels,andootherbuilddings..Theobtaiinedwwatercanbbeuseedforrflusshingtoileets,wwashinngcarrs,waaterinngplaantsaandclleaninngtheestreeet,oorforrgarddenusseanddtossuppleementthewwaterofriiversorlaakes.Asmaall-sccaleiintermmediattewattersyystemgatheerswaaste-wwaterfromeveryydayuuse,aandthhen,tthrougghapppropriiatewwater--dispoosalpproceddures,,imprrovesthewwaterqualiitytooaceertainnleveel,soothattfinaallyiitcannberrepeattedlyusedfornnon-drrinkinngwatter.TThereareeextenssivewwaysttouseetheinterrmediaatewaater.Itcaanbeusedforssanitaarypuurposees,puublicfounttains,,wateeringdeviccesinngarddensaandwaashinggstreeets.Inorrderttoreccyclehighllypollluteddwastte-watter,aahighhercoostissneeddedfoorsetttingupthheasssociattedwaater-ddispossaldeevicess,whiicharremorreexppensivveanddhaveelessseconnomicbeneffitstthanttheraain-uttilizaationsysteem.Exxceptforttheinntermeediateewateer-sysstemssetwiithinasinnglebbuildiing,iifwebuilddthemmwithhinlaarge-sscalecommuunitieesormajorrconsstructtionddeveloopmenttproggrams,,thennitiissurretosavemorewaterrresoourcesseffiicienttlyanndpossitiveelyfoortheewhollecouuntryasweellassimprrovettheennvironnmentaalsittuatioon.3.WateerconnservaationindexxandbasissPreesentreseaarchiintottheuttilizaationofwaaterrresourrcesmmainlyyconssiderssresiidentiialbuuildinngs,wwhiledataforootherkindssofbbuildiingsaarecoomparaativellyfeww.Sinncedaailywwaterconsuumptioonoftheccitizeenismainllyfroomtheeirprrivateedwelllingss,theeindiicatorrofuutilizzingwwaterresouurcesthusfocussesonntheactuaalwatter-saavingquanttityaasfarrasrresideentiallbuilldingssareconceerned..Reseearchthatrelattestoootheerkinndsoffbuilldingssfocuusesoontheeadopptionrateofsiimplyequipppedwwater--savinngequuipmennt.Taable11showwstheeaverrageaandmaaximummdaillyhouuseholldwattercoonsumpptionofeaachTaaiwaneesepeerson,,frommwhicchasstandaardizeeddaiilytootalwwater--consuumptioonof2250lperppersonnperdayiisesttimateedanddsetasthhecallculattionbbase.3.1.CaalculaationTheeactuualwaater-ssavinggratee(WR)iscaalculaatedaaccorddingttoForrmula(1).Formuula(33)shoowsthhataqualiifiedvalueeofWWRshoouldbbe<0::8.AbuilddingwwithaaquallifieddWRiiseliigibleetoaapplyfortthe“GreennBuillding”inceentiveepaymment.AccorrdingtoFoormulaa(2),ttheaddoptioonratteofwaterr-saviingeqquipmeent(AAR)caanbeusedtoesstimattetheewateer-savvingccondittionsinottherkkindsofbuuildinngs,aandthheguiidelinneisshownninFFormulla(4)).AqqualiffiedvvalueofARRshouuldbeehighherthhan0..8.Exxcepttherresideentialltypeeofbbuildiing,aabuilldingwithaquaalifieedARiselligiblletoapplyyforthe“GreennBuillding”inceentiveepaymments..TheFormuulaoffcalcculatiingthhewatterreesourcceinddexfoortheeresiidentiialbuuildinngs(TTheAcctualWaterr-saviingRaate;WWR)issasffollowws:WRR=(Wd-(Ts(Wc--Ql)al+Tu(Wu–Q2)a2+Tw(WWt–Q3)a3+Ba4))÷WWd–C(11)Theforrmulaofcaalculaatingwaterrresoourcessindeexforrotheerkinndsoffbuilldingss(theAdopttionRRateoofwatter-saavingequippment;;AR)isassfolllows:AR=R+C(2)ThestaandarddizedqualiifyinggcondditionnsareeWR=0.8;;(3)AR=0.8::(4)FordenntitioonofthessymbollsinFormuulae(11)–(4),seeethenomennclatuureattthebeginnning,,andTablee2shhowstthecoonstannt(Wdd;Ts;Wc;Tu;WWu;Tww;Wt)reqquireddbyttheesstimattemetthodoofevaaluatiion.3.2.CaalculaationbasissandregullationnsTheeassoociateedreggulatiionsfforFoormulaae(1))–(4)arreasfolloows:(1)WR(actuualWaater-ssavinggRatee)=00.8isscalcculateedacccordinngtothessuppossitionnthatttheaveraagedaailywwater--consuumptioonofeachpersoonis200l,,baseedonforeiignreeferenncesaandexxperieence.Mostdevellopedcounttriescontrrolthheaveeragedailyywateer-connsumpttionaatwelllundder2000l.AAccorddinglyy,theeprovvisionnalwaater-cconsummptionnstanndardforGGreenBuilddingsinTaaiwanissuuggesttedass200lforreachhperssonpeerdayy.(2)FacctorTTu=33.57aandTw=4..86innFormmula((1)arrecallculattedbyytheweighhtedaaveraggesmeethod::thehumannbodyymusttdiscchargeefeceesoncceperrday,,urinnethrricepperdaaydurringwweekdaays,aandfiivetiimespperdaayonSaturrdaysandSSundayys,yiieldinnganaveraageoff3.57timessperpersoonperrday..Theaveraagefrrequenncyoffpeopple’swashhinghhandswithinasinglledayyisffourttimesperddayduuringweekddays,andsseventimessperdayoonSatturdayysanddSunddays,yielddingaanaveerageof4..86tiimespperpeersonperdday.BBesidees,duuetotheppossibbilityythattthewaterr-saviingeqquipmeentoffthesamebranddwilllnotbeexxactlyyuseddwithhinonneconnstrucctionaalprooject,,utillityrrateaa1～a4shouuldbeemulttiplieedtorefleectonntrutth.(3)Watter-coonsumpptionofWdd=13LLperflushhoftthetooilet,,isrregarddedassthebasepointtconssumptiionfoorcallculattingtthewaater-cconserrvatioonratteofthewwater--savinngtoiiletiinForrmula(1),andccorresspondsstotthemoostpoopularrtypeeofttoilettineexistiingbuuildinngs.IInothherwoords,awatter-saavingtoileetredducesthewwater--consuumptiooneacchfluushinggofffecesto9ll,savving44l.Fuurtherrmore,,thetwo-ssectioonedwwater--savinngtoiiletrreduceestheewateer-connsumpttionooffluushinggurinneto4.5l,,saviingovver8::5l.Theaactuallwateer-connsumpttionooftheetoilletssshoulddbeddetermminedaccorrdingtovaariousswateer-connsumpttionqquantiitiesandbbrandspeciificattions..(4)Watter-coonsumpptionofWtt=3lperttimewwithinn20sswhennusinngtheecommmonwaater-ttap,iisreggardeddastthebaasepoointcconsummptionninddetermmininggthewaterr-saviingraateoffthewaterr-saviingtaapinFormuula(11).Thheacttualwwater--consuumptioonofawatter-taapshoouldbbedetterminnedacccordiingtoothevarioouswaater-cconsummptionnquanntitieesnottedinnvariiousbbrandspeciificattions..Hereein,1..5Lppertiime(550%offthegenerralwaater-cconsummptionn)issuggeestedfortthosepassiingthhewatter-saavingprooffbutwithooutnootingthewwater--consuumptioonquaantitiies.(5)TheedeteerminaationofB,,thewaterr-saviingquuantittyforrwateer-savvingbbathinngdevvicesinFoormulaa(1),,shouuldcoonsideerpeoople’svarriousbathiinghaabits;;espeecialllythoosecooncernningwwater--consuumptioondurringsshowerrorbbath.Thewwater--consuumptioonofashooweriisaboout700l,anndthaatofabatthexcceeds150ll.Theereforre,whhencaalculaatingB,20lshoouldbbeadddedfoorasshowerringddeviceewithhoutaabathhtub;whileethevalueeforcommoonbatthtubssremaainsuunchannged,and220lshhouldbesuubtracctedfforthhemasssagebathttub(BB=-20)).Furrthermmore,forbbathrooomseequipppedwiithtiimerddevicees,shhowernozzlleswiithloowfloowrattesorrsomeeotheerkinndsoffwateer-savvingeequipmment,10lcanbbeadddedtooBfooreacchdevvice.(6)Theesysttems,whichhuserainorinntermeediateewateer,reequireehighhlyprrofesssionalldesiignsaandthheefffectsarehhardlyybecconsidderedasthhesamme.Innordeertorespeecteaachprrofesssionalldesiign,aastanndardiizedfformullaforrcalcculatiingCisnootsugggesteedinthisprogrram.AAanaapplyiingprrojectt,theemanaagemenntofthoseebuilldingss,whiichussesucchreccyclinngsysstems,,shouuldreeportonthhereccyclinngratteoftherrainoortheeinteermediiatewwaterduettoeacchdevvice.Therrainoorinttermeddiatewaterrcanonlybeussedfoornonn-drinnkingwaterr,anthereefore,,Cshhouldnoteexceeddtherateofthhewatterussedfoorhouuseholldchoores((aboutt0.355)witthinbbuildiing.(7)Watter-coonservvationnequiipmentt,succhaswaterr-saviingtooiletss,auttomatiicallyystopppingtaps,,autoo-senssorfllushinngdevvices,,wateer-savvingsshowerrnozzzlesaandbaathtubbshouuldgeetthee“waterr-saviingprroof”ofttheWaaterRResourrcesBBureauu,MinnistryyofEEconommicAfffairss(MOEAA)ofTaiwaan;orr,theepropprietoorshoouldssubmittassoociateedcerrtificcates..Thenumbeerofwaterr-saviingdeeviceshoulldbecounttedacccordiingtoothestruccturalldrawwingooftheebuillding..OnlyythesixddeviceesmenntioneedaboovewhhichhhavebbeenaannounncedbbytheeMOEAA,cannbeccounteed.3.3.ThhepriincipllesofftheaccepptedsstandaardWater-cconsummptionndesiignfoorabbuildiingmuustfoollowthepprinciiplesbelowwtorreachthesstandaardoffthewaterr-resoourceindexx.(1)Useeofwwater--savinngequuipmenntismosteffecctive..Partticulaarlyeeffecttivewwaysaarethhetwoo-secttioneddwateer-savvingttoilettsanddthewaterr-saviingshhoweriingdeevicesswithhoutaabathhtub.(2)Theeinceentiveepaymmentsforrreachiingthhestaandarddcanbeeaasilygaineedbyusinggwateer-savvingttoiletts,waater-ttapsaandshhoweriingdeevicessthrooughouuttheeconsstructtionddeveloopmentt.(3)Desspiteitsggreatwaterr-saviingeffficieency,thessystemmforrecycclingrainandiintermmediattewatterissnotyeteeconommicalllybenneficiial,dduetoothelowwwaterfeeaandthheexppenseofwaater-ddispossaleqquipmeent.HHoweveer,syystemssforrecycclingtherrainaarecoonsideeredmmoreeeasilyyadopptableethannsysttemsfforreecycliinginntermeediateewateer,anndtheemethhodfoorasssessinngtheerecyyclinggOfrainnisppropossedinnthenextchaptter.3.4.CaasesttudyeexamplleReferenncesttoallltheassocciatedddeviices,incluudingshotdrawiings,instrructioonalcchartss,cerrtificcatesofwaater-ssavinggquanntity,,andcalcuulatioonsofftheindexxwereeallsubmiittedforccasestobeeconssidereedherre.Iffsysttemsfforreecycliingraainorrinteermediiatewwaterareaadopteed,thhendeetaileeddraawingssandwaterr-saviingraatereeportssshouuldbeesubmmittedd.Succhrefferenccesarreomiittedinthhiscaasesttudy.Case1::Brieefexpplanattionooftheewateer-savvingeequipmment.(1)ConnstrucctionbaseisloocateddinTTaipeiicityy,anddinclludesatottalofffiveeaparrtmenttbloccks,eeachooffivvestoories;;eachhstorryhasstworesiddentiaaluniitsfoorattotalof500unitts.Eaachunnithaastwootoillets.(2)Hallfofthecconstrructioonproojectuseswaterr-saviingeqquipmeent,iincluddingttwo-seectionnedwaater-ssavinggtoillets((waterrconssumptiionwhhenfllushinngfeccesiss9L;;urinne,4..5L)andwwatersavinngtapps(1..2Lpperusse).EEachbbathrooomissequiippedwithashoowerinngnozzzle((nobaathtubb),wiithatimerrdeviice(220Loofwatterisssaveedforrtheshoweeringdeviccewitthoutthebbathtuub,anndanextraa10LLofwwaterissaaveduusingthettimerdevicce.)Thewatter-reesourcceinddexisscalcculateedasfolloows:(1)Esttimateedgenneraldailyywateer-connsumpttioniis2500lpeerperrson.(2)WR=((250-(((13-99)×0.55+3.577×(13--4.5)××0.5+44.86×((3-1.22)×0.55+(10++20)×00.5))÷÷250=00.857WR>0.8;;therreforee,Casse1ddoesnnotacchieveethewaterr-resoourceindexx,anddcannnotreeceiveethe“GreennBuillding”inceentiveepaymment.Case2::Brieefexpplanattionooftheewateer-savvingeequipmment.(1)Intheaabovecase,,wateer-savvingeequipmmentwwasussedonnlyinnhalffoftthecoonstruuctionnprojject.Calcuulatioondattaisasfoollowss,ifthewwholeprojeectussedsuuchwaater-ssavinggequiipmentt,theen,WRR=(2250-((13-9)×11.0+3..57×(113-4.55)×1.00+4.866×(3-11.2)×11.0+(110+20))*1.0)))/2500=0.7114(2)WRR<0.8;;therreforee,Casse2aachievvesthhewatter-reesourcceinddex,aandcaanrecceivethe“GreennBuillding”inceentiveepaymment.Case3::IfttheprrojecttdesccribeddinCCase22,couuldinncludeeasyystemtoreecycleetherain,,thennthesituaationisassfolllows:(1)Thherooofoftheaapartmmentccangaather625mmofrrain,andtthecaapacittyofthewwatertrougghforrsaviingthhereccycleddrainnis335m.Thereefore,,usinngtheerecyycledwaterrforflushhingttoiletts,clleaninnganddotheerusees(foorexaample;;wateeringplanttsanddwashhingccars),,cansave30Lofwaaterpperpeersonperdday.(2)Theeratiioofthewwater--consuumptioonquaantityyoftthereecycleedraiinwateertothettotalwaterr-conssumptiioniss0.122(C==30÷2550=0.112).(3)Theen,thhewatter-reesourcceinddexiss0.5994(WRR=0.7114-0.112=0.5594).Asaresullt,Caase3notoonlyaachievvesthheinccentivvestaandardd,buttisaalsoaanexeemplarryofgreennbuilldingdesiggn.4.MethhodfoorasssessinngtheerecyyclinggofrrainSystemssforrecycclingrainandiintermmediattewatterarrenottyeteconoomicbbenefiicial,,becaauseooftheelowwaterrfeeandtthehiighcoostoffwateer-dissposallequiipmentt.Howwever,,systtemsfforreecycliingraainarreconnsiderredmooreeaasilyadopttablethanthoseeforrecycclinginterrmediaatewaater.Hereiin,amethoodforrasseessinggtherecycclingofraainissintrroduceedtocalcuulatetherratio(C)ooftheewateer-connsumpttionqquantiityofftherecyccledrrainwaaterttotheetotaalwatter-coonsumpption..4.1.CaalculaationbasissofrrecycllingrrainwaaterThedessignerrofaasysttemfoorreccyclinngraiinwateermusstfirrstdeetermiinethhequaantityyofrrainwaateraandthhedemmand,whichhwillldeteermineetherainwwatercolleectionndeviicearreaanndtheestorragettankvvolumee.Raiinwateerquaantityycanactuaallybbedetterminnedbyyasiimpleequattioniinvolvvingpprecippitatiionanndcolllectiiondeevicearea..Howeever,preciipitattionddoesnnotfaallevvenlyspreaadoveerallldayssandlocattions..Inpparticcular,,rainnisuusualllyconncentrratedinceertainnseassonsaandloocatioons.CConseqquentlly,thhecriiticallpoinntoftheeevaluaationistooestiimateandaassesssmeteeoroloogicallpreccipitaation..Meteeoroloogicallrecoordsnnormalllyinncludeeyearrly,mmonthlly,daailyaandhoourlypreciipitattion.Yearllyanddmontthlypprecippitatiionisssuittableforrroughestimmatesandiinitiaalasssessmeent.HHoweveer,suuchappproxiimatiooncreeatesprobllemsiindetterminningtthearreaofftherainwwatercolleectionndeviiceanndtheevoluumeoffthestoraagetaank.TThus,dailyypreccipitaationhasbbeenmmostccommonnlycoonsideered.Hourllypreecipittationncoulldtheeoretiicallyysuppportaamoreeaccuurateassesssmentt.Howwever,,owinngtotheiincreaasingnumbeerofparammeterssandcalcuulatioondattainccreasees,thhecommplexiityofftheproceessanndtheecalcculatiiontiime,rresulttiniineffiicienccies.Hereiin,daailypprecippitatiionissadopptedinasseessinggrainnwaterrsysttemsuusediinbuiildinggs[4,,7].4.2.EvvaluattionoofsysstemfforreecycliingraainwatterInitiallly,tthequuantittyofrainwwatercolleectionnandusageemusttbekknown..Abaasiccconcepptofinputtandoutpuutballanceenabllesfoourpaaramettersttobeusedtocaalculaatethheraiinwateeruseesysttem.TThetwwoinpputsaareraainwatterfrromcoollecttionddevicees,anndsuppplemeentaryytapwaterrsysttems,whileetheoutpuutsarreconnsumpttionqquantiityfoortheeuserrandoverfflowffromsstoraggedevvices..Fig..3prresenttsthiisconncept..Thelocattionooftheedesiignobbject,,forexamppleinnTaippei,mmustbbeconnfirmeedbassedonnthedailyypreccipitaationdatabbase,andtthemeeteoroologiccalprrecipiitatioondattaforrthesimullationnoraassesssmentaretthenuusediincallculattingttheuttilizaationofthheraiinwateer.Thheareeaoftheccollecctiondeviccemusstnexxtbedecidded,wwhiletheoobjecttcharracterrofwwaterutiliizatioonisusedasthheconnditioonforrsimuulatioonanddasseessmennt.Taable33pressentstheddailypreciipitattionfformattofTTaipeiicityy,asanexxamplee.Theecalcculatiion[55]isasfoollowss:(1)Theequanntitycolleected(CRW))isddetermminedfromdailyypreccipitaation(Rd)anddcolllectioonareea(CAA).CRWW(m3)=CA((m2)×Rd(mm/dday)*ξ*10-3(ξdenootestthefllowouutcoeefficiient,goverrnedbbytheecharracterrofccollecctionlocattion,andtthispparameeteriisusuuallybetweeen0..85annd0.995forratyypical