中國文化概況(修訂版)Chapter12WorldHeritageSites第一頁，共43頁。Chapter12WorldHeritageSites第二頁，共43頁。學習目標了解世界遺產名錄中的中國遺產掌握中國自然文化遺產概況增強保護中國自然文化遺產的意識第三頁，共43頁。1Lead-inActivity2WorldHeritageinChina3

Discussion&PresentationOverview第四頁，共43頁。Lead-inActivityWatchthevideoanddiscuss：DoyouanyWorldHeritageSiteinChina?Doyoupreferanaturalheritageoraculturalheritage?Why?Watch&Think第五頁，共43頁。1Lead-inActivity2WorldHeritageinChina3

Discussion&PresentationOverview第六頁，共43頁。1Cultural&NaturalHeritage2NaturalHeritage4PreservationWorldHeritageinChina3CulturalHeritage第七頁，共43頁。WorldHeritageinChinaTheWorldHeritageListestablishedundertermsoftheConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage(《保

護世界文化和自然遺產公約》)adoptedin1972byUNESCO.ChinaaccededtotheConventionin1987.WorldHeritageSitesinChina45SitesinChinaareontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO(Dec.2013)31culturalheritages10naturalheritages4dualheritagesThesesitesarethemostessentialpartofChina’svaluableandrichtourismresources.Chinaalsohasrichnon-materialculturalheritage.第八頁，共43頁。inscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin1987.theleaderofthe“FiveSacredMountains”inChinasituatedinthecentreofShandongprovinceplaceforemperorstopraywhenascendingthethronesourceofinspirationformanypoetsandliteraryscholarsthesymbolofspiritualcultureofChinaaperfectcombinationofculturalrelicsandnaturalsceneryCulturalandNaturalHeritageMountTaishan第九頁，共43頁。MountTaishan’sfourspectacularviewsCulturalandNaturalHeritagetheSunsetintheWest

theSunsetglowthegolden-belt-likeYellowRivertheSeaofClouds第十頁，共43頁。liesinHuangshancity,Anhuiprovinceknownworldwideforitsfourwonders:thefantasticpines,thegrotesquerocks,theseaofclouds,thehotsprings.earnsitselfthename“EarthlyFairyland”.CulturalandNaturalHeritageMountHuangshan第十一頁，共43頁。oneofthefourBuddhistmountainsinChinaThemainscenicspotsonthemountainaretheBaoguoTemple,theFuhuTemple,theQingyinPavilion,theGoldenSummit,etcawell-knownnaturalmuseumwithsome5,000speciesofplantsand2,300typesofanimals.alsofamousforitsGiantBuddhastatue,whichissaidtobethelargestBuddhastatueintheworld.Thewayinwhichtheculturalfeatureshavebeenintegratedwiththenaturalsceneryisconsideredtobeapreciouslegacy.CulturalandNaturalHeritageMountEmei第十二頁，共43頁。CulturalandNaturalHeritage第十三頁，共43頁。LocatedsouthofWuyishancity,FujianprovincesubtropicalvirginforestsandmanyattractionsofexceptionalscenicqualityalsoknownforitsgreathistoricandculturalvalueCulturalandNaturalHeritageMountWuyi第十四頁，共43頁。1Cultural&NaturalHeritage2NaturalHeritage4PreservationWorldHeritageinChina3CulturalHeritage第十五頁，共43頁。locatedinthenorthwestofHunanprovincehasgeologicstructuresofoutstandingvalue,beautifulphysicalcontours,completeecosystem,rareculturalrelicsandvariousclimatesandscenesthreeparts:theZhangjiajieNationalForestPark,theSuoxiyuNaturalResourceReserve,theTianzishanNaturalResourceReserve.Themostdistinctivelandscapeofthisareaaretheover3,000bizarrepeaks.NaturalHeritageWulingyuan(武陵源)ScenicandHistoricInterestArea第十六頁，共43頁。Itishometoover3,000speciesofplants,morethan700typesoftrees,upto450kindsofornamentalflowers,andabout116speciesofvertebrates(脊椎動物)fallinginto50families.Moreover,hundredsofspeciesofanimalsarefoundhere.NaturalHeritageWulingyuan(武陵源)ScenicandHistoricInterestArea第十七頁，共43頁。liesinthesouthernpartoftheMinshanMountains(岷山)inNanpingcounty,Sichuanprovince.gotitsnamebecausetherearenineTibetanvillagesinthevalleyoftencalledasthe“FairylandonEarth”.isalsohometoover220birdspeciesaswellasanumberofendangeredplantandanimalspecies.NaturalHeritageJiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea第十八頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritage第十九頁，共43頁。LocatedinSongpancounty,northwestofSichuanprovinceItsmostimportantfeatureistheoutstandingkarstformation.tallarboursandshrubs,vines,herbsandmoss,aswellasrareandendangeredplantsthatonlyChinahas.enjoysthereputationof“KingdomofColdTemperatePlants”.boastsmorethan30speciesofnationalGrade-AandGrade-BprotectedanimalsNaturalHeritageHuanglongScenicandHistoricInterestArea第二十頁，共43頁。LocatedinthemountainousnorthwestofYunnanprovincerefertotheareaswheretheJinshaRiver,theLancangRiverandtheNujiangRiverflowroughlyparallelthroughsteepgorgesnumerousnaturalresourcesandtraditionalcustomsofmultipleethnicminoritiesharbourtherichestbiodiversityamongthetemperateareasoftheworldNaturalHeritageThreeParallelRiversofYunnanProtectedAreas第二十一頁，共43頁。locatedinthesouthwestofSichuanprovince,thelargestandmostintactwildpandahabitatintheworld(thirtypercentofthewildpandasintheworldarelivinghere)alsohometoothergloballyendangeredanimalsNaturalHeritageSichuanGiantPandaSantuaries—Wolong,Mt.SiguniangandJiajinMountains第二十二頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritageSouthChinaKarstauniquelandformthatevolvesinthecarbonaterocksdemonstratingtheforcesofnature.signifiesthefinestexamplesofkarsttopographyinChinaandtheworld.threetypicalareas:theShilinKarst(StoneForest)inYunnantheLiboKarstinGuizhoutheWulongKarstinChongqing第二十三頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritageMountSanqingshanNationalParkholdsanoutstandingsceneryofgranitepeaksandpillars.hasnumerouswaterfalls,valleys,lakesandsprings.threemainsummits:theYujingMountaintheYuxuMountaintheYuhuaMountain.Itsvisualimpactisenhancedbytheoccurrenceofmeteorologicaleffectslikebrighthalosoncloudsandwhiterainbows.第二十四頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritageChinaDanxiacomprisessixareasfoundinthesubtropicalzoneofsouthwestChina.featurespectacularredcliffsandarangeoferosionallandformsConservesubtropicalbroad-leavedevergreenforests,andhostmanyspeciesoffloraandfauna,about400ofwhichareconsideredrareorthreatened.第二十五頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritageChengjiangFossilSitelocatedinYunnanprovincepresentanoutstandingandextraordinarilypreservedrecordthattestifiestotherapiddiversificationoflifeonEarthmorethan500millionyearsago.presentsfossilremainsofthehighestqualityofpreservationconveysacompleterecordofanearlyCambrianmarinecommunityoneoftheearliestrecordsofacomplexmarineecosystemauniquewindowofunderstandingthestructureofearlyCambriancommunities第二十六頁，共43頁。NaturalHeritageXinjiangTianshanamountainrangethatpresentsglaciers,snowcappedpeaks,alpinemeadows,lakesandcanyons.instarkcontrastwiththevastadjacentdesertlandscapesThemountainareaundersnowlineisabundantinanimalsandplantresourcessaussureainvolucrate(天山雪蓮).HeavenlyLake第二十七頁，共43頁。1Cultural&NaturalHeritage2NaturalHeritage4PreservationWorldHeritageinChina3CulturalHeritage第二十八頁，共43頁。FamousGrottosWiththewidespreadofBuddhisminChinainthesecondcentury,grottoartswereintroducedtoChinafromIndia,anddevelopedrapidlybetweenthesecondandfourthcenturies.Grottoswerecarvedinclifffacesinvariousplaces,particularlyinnorthernChina.TheMogaoCavesinGansuprovince,theLongmenGrottosinHenanprovince,andtheYungangGrottosinShanxiprovincearecalledthethreemostimportantgrottosinChina.CulturalHeritage第二十九頁，共43頁。MogaoCavesthegreatestandmostconsummategalleryofBmonlycalledtheThousand-BuddhaCaves(Qianfodong)initiatedin366;formedalargescalebytheYuandynasty492caves,45,000squaremetresofmuralsandover2,400colouredsculptures(bynow)notonlyrevealtheexcellentmasteryofartandrichimagination,butprovideprecioushistoricalinformationforthestudyofancientChina.CulturalHeritage第三十頁，共43頁。LongmenGrottos

initiallysculpturedandchiseled(鑿)around493anoutdoorartmuseumofstonecarvingsandrepresentsthesculpturallevelofthattimemorethan2,300cavesandniches,over100,000statues(bynow)thebiggeststatue:17.14metreshighthesmalleststatue:centimetreshigh.TheGuyangCave(古陽洞)andtheBinyangCave(賓陽洞)containthemostrepresentativestatues.CulturalHeritage第三十一頁，共43頁。YungangGrottos

situatedatthefootoftheWuzhouMountainnearDatongcity,Shanxiprovincechiseledoutofcliff-sidesinahoneycombpattern,stretchingaslongasonekilometrefromeasttowest53extantcaves,110niches,morethan51,000statuesThesculpturalworksatYungangarenotedfortheirfleshy,vigorousfeaturesandrichvariety.Thestatuesofallkindsarevividandlifelike.CulturalHeritage第三十二頁，共43頁。

FamousAncientCitiesalargeNaxi(納西)settlementfirst

builtduringtheSouthernSongdynastyinYunnanprovincehasarichreserveofland,forest,mineralsandtouristresources.TheYulongSnowMountainnumerousstreamsandbrooksauniquecultureandalonghistoryAsafamoushistoricandculturalcity,Lijiangattractsnumeroustouristseveryyear.CulturalHeritageOldTownofLijiang第三十三頁，共43頁。

FamousAncientCitieslocatedincentralShanxiprovincefirstbuiltduringtheWestZhoudynastyandexpandedduringtheMingdynastyatypicalsampleofancientcitiesinthecentralpartofthecountryhasbeenwellpreservedandcanberegardedasthemirrorofthecitiesintheMingandQingdynastiesCulturalHeritageAncientCityofPingyao第三十四頁，共43頁。

FamousAncientCitiesLocatedinYixiancounty,Anhuiprovincereputedas“livingancientresidentialmuseums”XidiVillagebuiltduringtheNorthernSongdynastyoneofthemostrepresentativescenicspotsofancientHuiarchitectureoriginallyacompactcommunityofthefamilieswiththesurnameHunowhas124oldresidentialhousesandthreeancestraltemplesoftheMingandQingdynastiesCulturalHeritageXidiandHongcun(西遞與宏村)第三十五頁，共43頁。

FamousAncientCitiesHongcunVillageabout15kilometresawayfromXidibuiltintheSouthernSongdynastydistinguishesitselfbyitswatersystemandnarrowstreetswasarrangedintheshapeofabuffalowithanartificialwatersystemonthebasisofbionics(仿生學).XidiandHongcunaretypicalrepresentativesofthecultureoffeudalsocietyinthelaterstageofChina—thecarrierofHuizhouculture.CulturalHeritageXidiandHongcun(西遞與宏村)第三十六頁，共43頁。

FamousAncientCitieslocatedatAnyang,HenanprovincethesiteoftheancientcapitalcityofthelateSvidedrichandcrucialmaterialsforthestudyofhistory.Importantrelics:oracleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)SimuwuTripod(司母戊方鼎)thelargestpieceofbronzewarerelicofthattimeeverfoundintheworldshowsthehighlevelofcraftsmanshipandeconomicandculturaldevelopmentofthelateShangdynasty.CulturalHeritageYinXu第三十七頁，共43頁。1Cultural&NaturalHeritage2NaturalHeritage4PreservationWorldHeritageinChina3CulturalHeritage第三十八頁，共43頁。ThePreservationofWorldHeritageWorldHeritageSitesListbyUNESCOfinancialandtechnicalaidbetterknownandprotectedworldwidetwomajorcriteriafor:thesite’svalueandthestateofitspreservationacontinuousprocessofconservationTheChinesegovernmenthasalwaysattachedgreatimportancetoprotectingworldculturalandnatur