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Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars[單詞拼寫應用]核心單詞1.atmospheren.大氣層;氛圍2.solaradj.太陽的;日光的3.thusadv.所以;于是4.gentleadj.平和的;高雅的5.climaten.天氣6.crashvi.&vt.碰撞;墜落7.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力8.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮動;(使)飄蕩n.飄蕩物9.systemn.系統;系統;制度10.theoryn.學說;理論[語境運用]用所給詞的適合形式填空。1.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.2.Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.3.However,hewasthegentlest(gentle)manIhaveeverknown.4.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulled(pull)upachair.5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Wearelookingatthebenefitsofsystems(system)whichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.拓展單詞1.globen.球體;地球儀;地球→globaladj.全世界性的;全世界的2.violentadj.劇烈的;強烈的;強暴的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地;劇烈地3.likevt.喜愛prep.像→dislikevt.不喜愛;厭煩→likelyadj.可能的→unlikeprep.與不一樣;不像4.harmn.&vt.損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的5.existvi.存在;生計→existencen.存在;生計6.puzzlevt.&vi.(使)誘惑;(使)犯難n.謎;難題→puzzledadj.感覺疑惑的puzzlingadj.令人疑惑的7.religionn.宗教;宗教崇奉→religiousadj.宗教上的;信仰宗教的;忠誠的8.biologyn.生物學→biologistn.生物學家9.reactv.反響→reactionn.反響;回應[語境運用]用所給詞的適合形式填空。1.Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2.Lastnightwehadadiscussionwereachedanagreementthatwewill
,whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent.Finallyneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)3.Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4.Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5.Unlikeme,myyoungerbrother,atallandstrongyoungman,likesplayingbasketballverymuch.ItislikelythathewillbecomeaYaoMinginthefuture.(like)閱讀詞匯1.fundamentaladj.基本的;基礎的2.chainn.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈3.acidn.酸4.multiplyv.乘;增添5.gravityn.萬有引力;重力6.exhaustvt.用盡;耗盡;使筋疲力盡7.satelliten.衛星;人造衛星8.spaceshipn.宇宙飛船9.astronomyn.天文學10.carbonn.碳拓展聯想un-前綴高頻形容詞集錦unlike不像的②unfair不公正的③unimportant不重要的④unusual不平常的⑤unhappy不幸福的⑥unfortunate不好運的unnecessary不需要的以-ful結尾的形容詞①harmful有害的②useful實用的③helpful有幫助的④powerful強盛的⑤careful當心的⑥forgetful健忘的sorrowful傷心的3.后綴-ist名詞薈萃①biologist生物學家②tourist旅行者;旅客③physicist物理學家④scientist科學家⑤psychologist心理學家⑥specialist
專家⑦artist
藝術家熟詞生義你知道下邊句子中黑體詞的漢語意思嗎?1.(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.He
pulled
infrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.
泊車2.Asweknow,Japan,madeupofachainofislandsthatlieoffthecoastofAsia,isacountrywherenaturaldisastersoccurfrequently.一系列;一連串3.Smallbusinessesarefindingithardtosurviveinthepresenteconomicclimate.環境[短語多維應用][語境運用]采用左側短語的適合形式填空。1.in_time實時;終于①Now_thatweallunderstandthatthe高2.prevent_...from阻擋;遏止hazeisharmfultoourhealth,weshould頻3.now_that既然takeeffectivemeasuresto②prevent短4.cheer_up感覺快樂;感覺振奮it③fromgettingfrombadtoworse.No語5.lay_eggs下蛋matterwhathappens,wemust④6.give_birth_to產生;臨盆cheer_upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon,we'llsucceed⑤in_time.[語境運用]采用左側短語的適合形式填7.in_one's_turn輪到某人空。8.watch_out_for親密注意;當心;Afire⑥broke_outinthebuilding高防備lastnight.Luckily,thefirefighters9.depend_on依賴;取決于arrivedintimeandputoutthefire.We頻10.break_outwerewarnedto⑦watch_out_for短突發;迸發11.block_out擋住(光芒)electricityandgaswhencookingour語12.get_the_hang_of熟習;掌握;meals.Thankstothefirefighters'理解help,wewerenotinjured.Theyarethe13.at_midnight在子夜menthatwecan⑧depend_onwhenweareintrouble.1.表達“當心;當心”的拓高頻短語薈萃④becareful當心②stop/preventsb.from2.“v....from”表“阻doingsth.展①watchout(for)止,嚴禁”短語③bansb.fromdoingsth.聯當心;當心①discouragesb.from④keepsb.fromdoing②lookout想當心③takecaredoingsth.sth.當心[句式構造仿寫]教材原句背誦1.whether...ornot能否。Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.makeit+adj.+todosth.。Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as。ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.形容詞作陪伴狀語。Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.
句式仿寫應用他們能否能夠經過溝通達成協議還不清楚。It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationor_not.我精曉英語,這使我更簡單找到一份好工作。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,whichmakes_it_easier_for_me_to_findagoodjob.我付出的時間和精力是從前的三倍多,所以我相信我此次能成功。Idevotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asIdidbefore,soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.他在風雪中待了七天,又冷又餓。Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow,cold_and_hungry.精講3個考綱單詞1.harmfuladj.有害的單句語法填空Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯盡人皆知,過度飲酒對你的健康有害。①Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful)②Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchdoes_harm_to_your_health.(harmn.)先理解再切記(1)beharmfultosb./sth.對某人/某物有害do/causeharmtosb.(2)對某人有害do/causesb.harmThereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒(3)有缺點Itdoesnoharmtodosth.[佳句背誦]Thesedayscausing/doingseriousharmto
,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommon,lifeandtheenvironment.2.existvi.存在;生計單句語法填空①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist).②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.③Thereexistsawiderangeofdifferentopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.(2)[鏈接寫作]——達成句子固然很多人有了汽車,可是泊車倒是個現存的問題。Manypeoplehavecarsoftheirown,butparkingis_an_existing_problem.先理解再切記(1)existin...存在于之中existon...靠為生Thereexists...某地有;存在(2)existencen.存在;生計comeintoexistence產生;建立;開始存在(3)existingadj.現存的;現行的[名師點津]exist是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,也不用于進行時態。existing是只作定語的形容詞。puzzlevt.(使)誘惑;(使)犯難;(使)窘困;感覺誘惑n.(游戲的)猜謎;難題;謎單句語法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion,shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartsinceshefailedintheexam,becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle).③Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.(2)[鏈接寫作]——達成句子事實上,困擾你的事情關于中國的很多父親母親來說也是一個難題。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_tomanyparentsinChina.先理解再切記(1)puzzleabout/over絞盡腦汁;苦苦考慮(2)apuzzletosb.一件讓某人感覺疑惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj.令人誘惑的(4)puzzledadj.疑惑不解的;疑惑的bepuzzledabout
對疑惑不解[名師點津
]
以-ed
結尾的形容詞,如
puzzled
,confused
,frightened
,excited
,surprised等,除了能夠用來描繪人的心理活動之外,還能夠用來修飾與人相關的一些名詞,如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。解說3個核心短語1.intime實時;終于;早晚單句語法填空①AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.③Luckily,Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.(2)[鏈接寫作]——達成句子我深信我們的努力早晚會有所回報。Iholdthefirmbeliefthatoureffortswill_pay_off_sooner_or_later/in_time.先理解再切記(1)innotime
馬上;馬上atnotime
決不(位于句首時,句子須用部分倒裝構造
)atatime
每次;一次attimes有時,有時atonetime以前;一度atthesametime
同時fromtimetotime
有時;有時(2)takeone'stime
別焦急;慢慢來killtime
消磨時間2.inone'sturn
輪到某人(1)單句語法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put(put)
forward
anumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯兩個女兒輪番照料患病的母親。①Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherby_turns.Thetwodaughterstook_turns_tolookaftertheirsickmother.先理解再切記inturn挨次;輪番;反之;反過來byturns
輪番;交替地taketurnstodosth.
輪番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.
輪到某人做某事[佳句背誦]
Peopletrytoavoidpublic
transportation
delaysbyusingtheir
owncars
,whichinturn
createsmoreproblems.3.cheerup
(使)快樂;(使)振奮;感覺快樂;感覺振奮(1)單句語法填空①CheerMaryup,andthingswillworkoutforthebest.②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstill
there
tocheeronherfriends
andpraisetheiraccomplishments.(2)[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級(一般表達)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.(高級表達)WhenI'mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up.先理解再切記(1)cheersb.up
使某人抖擻起來cheersb.on(
競賽中
)以喝采聲鼓舞;為某人加油cheerfor
為而喝彩(2)Cheers干杯![佳句背誦]Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!打破2個高考句型1.
(
教材
P26)This
produced
achain
reaction
,
which
made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.這就產生了一系列的反響,使生命的發展成為可能。[重點提煉]makeit+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.,此中it作形式賓語,而真實的賓語是動詞不定式。(1)單句語法填空①Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto_buy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯跟著一每日過去,我發現很難和他相處。①Withdaysgoingby,Ifound(that)_it_was_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(賓語從句)②Withdaysgoingby,Ifoundit_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(不定式作賓語)先理解再切記(1)make+it+形容詞/名詞+that從句make+it+形容詞/名詞+todo不定式make+it+nogood/nouse...+doingsth.(2)常用于這類句型的動詞還有:
think
,consider
,find
,feel
等。2.(
教材
P31)But
whenI
tried
to
step
forward
,I
found
I
wascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而當我試著向前邁步的時候,我覺察我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因此我跌倒了。[重點提煉]twiceasfaras...是倍數的一種表示方法,意為“是的兩倍遠”。(1)單句語法填空①Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavy(heavy)asthatone.Therearefourtimesmore(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯正在修筑的教課樓是那棟教課樓的三倍高。①Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_as_high_asthatone.(high)②Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_higher_thanthatone.(higher)③Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_the_height_ofthatone.(height)先理解再切記英語中常有的倍數表達法:A+be+倍數+as+原級+asBA+be+倍數+比較級+thanBA+be+倍數+the+名詞(size/weight/length...)+ofBA+倍數+what從句,表示“A是的多少倍”[名師點津
]
在表示“兩倍”時要用
double
或
twice
,三倍或三倍以上用“基數詞+times”。倍數有時也能夠用分數、百分數、
half
等來替代。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Thewomanphysicistgave(give)birthtoafinehealthygirllastyear.2.Noonecanaccountforthereasonwhythefirebroke(break)outsosuddenly.3.Thetwotheories(theory)heputforwardfinallyprovedscientific.4.Asisknowntous,thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.5.Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonEarth.6.Itdoesn'tmattermuchwhetherTomwillcometothepartyornottonight.7.Newtonwasoneofthegreatest
physicists(physics)
intheworld
andmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.8.Unlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycarcometoworkbybus.
,Iusually9.Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.10.Thenewteackingbuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbethreetimeshiggerthanthepresentone.Ⅱ.單句改錯1.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.makes后加
it2.Wanderinginthecountryside
,Icouldfeelthewindgentleblowingthroughmyhair.gentle
→gently3.There
issomuchrainontheisland
thatits
annualrainfall
reachesasmanyassixtyinches.
many→much4.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.
that
→where5.Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree
,puzzlingandsayingnothing.puzzling→puzzledⅠ.課文語法填空依據P25-26課文內容,在空白處填入1個適合的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Theearthwasjustacloudofdust1.whosefutureisuncertainafterthe“BigBang”.Thenthedustbegantosettleintoasolidballwhichwasso2.violent(violence)andexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime3.to_produce(produce)manythings,whichmadetheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearanditallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,smallplantsappeared.Theymultipliedand5.filled(fill)theoceansandseaswithoxygen.Land6.animals(animal)followedafterthefirstgreenplantsappeared.Thensmallcleveranimalsspreadall7.overtheearth.Humansdevelopednewmeansofgrowing,huntingandmovingaround.Astimewentbytheycoveredtheearth.Nowtoomuchcarbondioxidehasbeenputintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfrom8.escaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.As9.aresult,theproblemofglobalwarmingoccurs.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears10.to_come(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Ⅱ.寫作改錯雙練依據提示運用本單元所學知識達成下邊小作文,并更正學生習作。1.據報導今年我們這里發生火災的次數是昨年的
3倍。(three
times
asmanyfires
as)2.上個禮拜六,光明路上的一家百貨商場發生大火。
(breakout)3.路上有那么多車輛和人以致于消防人員不可以經過,消防車很難湊近現場。(getthrough;getcloseto)4.依賴他們豐富的經驗,消防人員最終阻擋了火災的蔓延。(dependon;prevent...from)5.不言而喻,我們能否能阻擋火災取決于我們能否有安全意識。(asenseofsafety)第一步:練寫作用適合的連結詞將上述句子連成一篇短文。_______________
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