v1.0可編寫可改正I．Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement1.Morphologyisthebranchofgrammarwhichstudiesthestructureorformsofwords,primarilythroughtheuseof_________construct.A.soundB.formC.morphemeD.root2.Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownas_________words.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal3.Theprefixesinthewordsofirresistible,nonaclassicalandpoliticalarecalled_______.A.reversativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes4.Utopia,odysseyandBabbitarewordsfrom________.ofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames5.Theprefixesinwordsnew-Nazi,autobiographyandpan-Europeanare________.prefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixes6.Thesuffixesinwordsclockwise,homewardsare______.A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes7.Thesuffixesinwordsheightenizeare________.,symbolA.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes8.Awordisthecombinationofformand________.A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.denoting9.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiarto______.A.EnglishonlyB.ChineseonlyC.allnaturallanguagesD.somenaturallanguages10.Fromthe______pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthand11v1.0可編寫可改正developmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditional11._______isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerayes.ARadiationB.ConcatenationC.DerivationD.InflectionOneimportantcriteriontodifferentiatehomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.etymologyD.usage13.Thesenserelationbetweenthetwowordstulipandfloweris_______.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemyD.antonymy14.Compositionandcompoundinginlexicologyarewordsof_______.A.absolutesynonymsB.relativesynonymsC.relativeantonymsD.contraryantonyms15.Ashomonymsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,particularly______,theyareoftenemployedinaconversationtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectofhumor,sarcasmorridicule.A.homographsB.homophonesC.absolutehomonymsD.antonyms16Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownas_________words.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal17.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalled_______words.Prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliariesandarticlesbelongtothiscategory.A.contentB.notionalC.emptyD.new18.ThefiveRoamancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled_______.A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon22v1.0可編寫可改正19.Theprefixedcontainedinundedisalloware_________.wrap,-composeandA.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes20.________arecontainedinwordstrans-world,intra-partyandforehead.PrefixesoforientationandattitudeB.PrefixesoftimeandorderC.LocativeprefixesD.Prefixesofdegreeorsize21．Thesuffixesinwordsheightenizeare________.,symbolA.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes22.Awordisthecombinationofformand________.A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.denoting23.Functionalwordspossessstrong_____whereascontentwordshavebothmeanings,andlexicalmeaninginparticular.A.arbitrarymeaningB.conceptualmeaningC.associativemeaningD.grammaticalmeaning24.Fromthe______pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditional25._______isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerayes.ARadiationB.ConcatenationC.DerivationD.Inflection26._________isthesemanticprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsfirstsensebysuccessiveshiftsuntil,inmanycases,thereisnotasignofconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandthatwhichthetermhadatthebeginning.A.DerivationB.RadiationC.InflectionD.Concatenationimportantcriteriontodifferentiatehomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.etymologyD.usage33v1.0可編寫可改正28.Theantonyms:maleandfemaleare______.A.contradictorytermsB.contrarytermsC.relativetermsD.connectedterms29.InShakespeareanline‘ratsandmiceandsuchsmalldee’,deerobviouslydesignatesr‘_____’ingeneral.A.adoeB..animalC.adeerlikeanimalD.buck30Byhookandbycrookisanexampleof________.31.Awordis______ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.A.asmallestformB.aminimalfreeformC.aconstituentformD.apart32.“Nature”intheword“denaturalization”isnot_______________.A.freerootB.freemorphemesC.wordD.boundroot33.Wordformationexcludes________________.A.affixationandcompoundingB.conversionandshorteningC.chipping,acronymyandblendingD.repetitionandalliteration34.Fortheword“political”,itsnegativeformis“_____________”.A.apoliticalB.ilpoliticalC.inpoliticalD.impolitical35.Radiationandconcatenationaredifferentstagesofthedevelopmentleadingtopolysemy.Generally,radiation__________________concatenation.A.isbehindB.precedesC.iswithD.makesupfor36.Therelationshipbetweenthesoundandmeaningofawordis_____________.A.logicalB.arbitrary,conventionalC.certainD.objective37.Thechieffunctionofprefixationisto______________.A.changemeaningsofthestemsB.changetheword-classofthestemC.changegrammaticalfunctionD.alltheabove38.Thegrammaticalmeaningsofawordrefertothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipsuchas____________.A.partofspeechofwordsB.singularandpluralmeaningofnouns44v1.0可編寫可改正C.tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalformsD.alltheabove39.Intheidiom“earnone’sbread”,___________isused.A.synecdocheB.personificationC.metonymyD.simile40.Homographsarewordsidenticalonlyin_____________butdifferentintwootheraspects.A.soundB.meaningC.spellingD.senseII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressions1..Englishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthe______structuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemantics,relations,_____development,formationand______.Languagestudyinvolvesthestudyofspeechsounds,grammarand_______.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertothelanguagespokenbyAnglo-Saxonsas_______.Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheir______.Inotherwordsthehistoryofthewordexplainsthemeaningoftheword.__________istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.6.Accordingtosuffixationtheory,“villager”iscalleddenominalnounand“employer”iscalled__________noun.Lexicalmeaningand___________meaningmakeupthewordmeaning.Absolutesynonymsarerestrictedtohighly___________.Narrowingofmeaningistheoppositeof___________meaning.Linguisticcontextincludeslexicalcontextand__________.Asfarassentencetypesareconcerned,theyembracedeclarative,interrogative,________andexclamativesentences.Oneimportantcriterionfordifferentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir____,thesecondprincipalconsiderationissemanticrelatedness.Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Thatis,themeaningofamorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.Thegeneralwords55v1.0可編寫可改正arecalledthe_____termsandthemorespecificwordsarecalled_____.14.InmodernEnglishonemayfindsomewordswhosesoundssuggesttheir______15._________istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalledblendsor_____words.StatewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTRUEorFALSE.1.Functionalwordsincludeadverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andpronouns.2.“Nature”intheword“denaturalization”isafreeroot.3.Radiationandconcatenationaredifferentstagesofthedevelopmentleadingtopolysemy.Generally,radiationmakesupforconcatenation.Back-formationisoneofthethreemajorprocessesofwordformationinEnglishThetotalnumberoffunctionalwordsisverylimitedinEnglish.Themeaningofaword,especiallythatofapolysemousword,isoftendeterminedbythecontextinwhichitappears.Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.Alltransitiveverbscanbeusedinpassivesentences.Descriptivewordscanbeusedforevaluationinsomecontexts.Wordsfromdifferentclassescanformasemanticfield.11.Thebasicwordstockofalanguageischangingrapidlyallthetime.12.Awordisthesmallestmeaningfulunitofalanguage.13.Inflectionalaffixeshaveonlygrammaticalmeanings.14.ThereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweensoundsymbolsandthesenseofallEnglishwords.15.Homophonesarewordsidenticalinspellingbutdifferentinmeaning.16.Root,stemandbaserefertothesamething.17.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginareloanwords.18.“Impossible”expressesastrongernegationthan“notpossible”.Acronymyandderivationareallprocessesofshorteningwordsorwordgroups.Thethreemajorprocessesofword-formationarecompounding,blendingandconversion.66v1.0可編寫可改正Awordisthesmallestmeaningfulunitofalanguage.Indifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedbydifferentsounds.Undernocircumstancescansoundandmeaningbelogicallyrelated.Prepositions,conjunctions,numeralsandarticlesallbelongtofunctionalwords.Lexicographyshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,originsandusagesofwords.Contentwordsarenumerousandmorefrequentlyusedthanfunctionalwordsonaverage.Thebasicwordstockenjoysthesamefeaturesasnativewords.ItisestimatedthatEnglishborrowingsconstitute80percentofthemodernEnglishvocabulary.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginaresmallinnumber,amountingtoroughly50,000to60,000.Awordcanbedefinedindifferentwaysfromdifferentpointsofview.theword“persuader”means“dagger”(匕首）,itisregardedasanargotword.ofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.Theword“prisoners”hastwomorphemes.Awordistheminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguage.Themorphemeswhicharerealizedbyonlyonemorpharecalledallomorphs.IV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofsynonyms(completeorpartialsynonyms);2)originsofhomonyms(acronymy,borrowing,homograph,homophoneorchangeinsoundandspelling);3)proces