耳部解剖和生理

EaranatomyandphysiologyGNResoundAsiaTradepromotion&TrainingDept.

EarfunctionA-聽覺功能B-平衡功能HearingfunctionBalancefunctionHearingfunctionTheorganofhearing(Zemlin,1988pp.460)PeripheralandCentral

Peripheralear(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)Theexternalear外耳TheAuricle耳廓

功能：收集聲音Concha耳甲腔Helix耳輪Anti-helix對(duì)耳輪Anti-tragus對(duì)耳屏Tragus耳屏TheEarcanal耳道

功能：耳道共振

S型，長2.5~3.5cm，直徑0.7cm，鉛筆粗細(xì)Themiddleear中耳

功能：換能器、放大器（27dB）、保護(hù)耳蝸(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)TheEardrum鼓膜

功能：傳音、放大(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1987)TheEardrum鼓膜

寬8mm高9mm厚0.1mmTheossicles聽小骨、聽骨鏈

功能：利用杠桿原理將聲能轉(zhuǎn)成機(jī)械能(Zemlin,1988pp.445)錘骨Malleus砧骨Incus鐙骨Stapes人體中最小的骨頭Themiddleearmuscles中耳肌

功能：減少大聲對(duì)內(nèi)耳的傷害

鼓膜張肌和鐙骨肌是人體最小的肌肉(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)TheEustachiantube咽鼓管

功能：維持鼓室內(nèi)外氣壓平衡、防止感染(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)

Eustachiantube耳咽管長35~39mm，小兒減半，鼓室口高于咽口20~25mm，小兒較短、管腔較大、近水平The“stiletto”principle(Zemlin,1988pp.457)LeveractionprincipleHearingprocess

Airconduction氣導(dǎo)

OutearMiddleear

InnerearNerve

CentrumSound

Skull

Boneconduction骨導(dǎo)Theinnerear內(nèi)耳Theinnerear內(nèi)耳

包括：半規(guī)管、前庭、耳蝸HistologyclassificationCruscommuneAmpullamembranaceasuperiorUtriculusDucusendolymphaticusSacculusScalatympaniDucuscochlearisScalavestibuliDucuscochlearisHelicotremaFenestracochleaeRoundwindowDucusreuniensFenestravestibuliOvalwindowAmpullamembranaceaposteriorCristaampullaposteriorAmpullamembranacealateralisAmpullamembranaceasuperriorAmpullamembranacealateralisTheinnerear內(nèi)耳(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1976)(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)Thecochlea耳蝸Theuncoiledcochlea(Zemlin,1988pp.465)TheuncoiledcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofthechanneCrosssectionoftheorganofCortiInneruandouterhaircellsInnerHairCellStereocilia

3500個(gè)內(nèi)毛細(xì)胞OuterHairCellStereocilia

12000個(gè)外毛細(xì)胞FunctionofCochlea耳蝸的功能

將機(jī)械性聲音信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成生物電信號(hào)FunctionofCochlea耳蝸的功能CrosssectionoftheorganofCortiOutHairCellOutHairCellOutHairCellElectricityIoniccurrentflowsInnerHairCellCochléaDynamicsetanatomie3000HzToneApexBase

ApexBase300HzToneAuditorycentralnervoussystemHearingprocess大腦顳葉大腦顳葉外側(cè)丘系外側(cè)丘系上橄欖體上橄欖體耳蝸核耳蝸核耳蝸毛細(xì)胞耳蝸毛細(xì)胞左右內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體BraincortexCochlearHaircell1、聽覺功能2、平衡功能

由前庭系和人的視覺及本體感覺系統(tǒng)共同完成的。

例如：前庭功能稍弱時(shí)，就將導(dǎo)致暈車！聲波1.聲波震動(dòng)鼓膜