No.NameClassicalChineseGardens

中國(guó)古典園林Contents1

the

History

ofClassicalChineseGardens2theClassificationofClassicalChineseGardens3ChineseGardenDesign1

the

History

ofClassicalChineseGardens

ShangandZhouDynasties.Name:"You"(囿)lit."huntingpark”--thehuntinggroundforemperorsandnobleswithoutanyartificialcultivation.--coarse,primitive,bigandnatural.Features:紂為鹿臺(tái)，七年而成，其大三里，高千尺臨望云雨

—《新序·刺奢》“王在靈囿，鹿鹿攸伏。鹿鹿濯濯，白鳥篙篙。王在靈沼，於軔魚躍。”—《詩(shī)經(jīng)·大雅》QinandHanDynastiesavillawheretheemperorscanhavearestanddealwiththeaffairsofthestate.

e.g."ShanglinGarden"(上林苑)"WeiyangPalace"(未央宮)"ChanglePalace"(長(zhǎng)樂宮)Name:"Yuan"(苑)lit."imperialpark”Feature:姑蘇臺(tái)FromtheperiodoftheWeiandJintotheperiodofSouthernandNorthernDynastiesBackground:Chinaexperiencedaperiodofcontinuouswarsandconflicts.Manyofthescholar-officials（士大夫）werebitterlydisappointedandtriedtoevadethesocietybyfindingaspiritualsustenanceinthenaturalworld.Feature:"thegardenwithnatural

mountainsandrivers".

流觴曲水SuiandTangDynastiesTheeconomywasflourishingandthecivilizationwasprosperous.Thearchitectsalwayshadtheinterestintheintegrationofthegardenintoliteratureandart.Feature:"thegardenwithimitating

mountainsandrivers"Background:自居易的履道里宅園TheSongandtheYuanDynastiesThestageofmaturity

皆臺(tái)榭亭閣，花木奇石，影映湖山周圍勝景，言之難盡。

－吳自牧《夢(mèng)梁錄》MingDynastyandQingDynastiesThepeaktimeofclassicalgardening--BuildingofImperialGardenswasactivated.E.g.theSummerPalacetheMountainResortinChengde--Thefunctionoflivingwasreinforced.--“gardenofgardens”“園中園”2theClassificationofClassicalChineseGardensPrivateGardens

(私家園林)

ImperialGardens(皇家園林）OwnedbyancientChineseemperors.Ownedmainlybythepainters,thepoets,andotherscholars.BeihaiPark;the

Summer

Palace;theMountainResortinChengdeLandscapeGarden(風(fēng)景名勝園林)

E.g.Placesforpublicrecreation.WestLake;DamingLakeE.g.TempleGarden(寺廟園林)ImperialGardensLandscapeGardensTempleGardens·HumbleAdministrator‘sGarden

(拙政園)·LingeringGarden(留園)

·MasteroftheNetsGarden

(網(wǎng)師園)·LionGroveGarden(獅子林)

PrivateGardens:FamousPrivateGardensinSuzhou:GeyuanGarden(個(gè)園)HeyuanGarden(何園)FamousPrivateGardensinYangzhou:—obstructivescenery;blockingview(抑景或障景)Thegardenbuildersnevershowthebestpartofthegardenattheverybeginning,buttrytousesomeartisticmethodstoblockthesceneattheentranceofagarden,suchasascreen,arockery,etc.—

addingtheview（添景）Whenascenicspotisalittlebitfarfromtheviewer,suchasapagoda,orthenaturalhills,kindsofflowers,trees,orotherplantswillbeplantedinthemiddleorneartotheobserversasakindoftransition.—

enframedscenery（框景）Itreferstomainlythedoors,thewindows,theholes,ortheframeformedbytheplantsnaturallywilloftenenframetheviewsafarintoaverybeautifulpicture.—

leakingthroughscenery(漏景)Inwallsofthegardenoronesideofthecorridors,thereareoftensomehollowsorwindows,whichareengravedthroughbytraditionalChinesepicturessuchancientfigures,plants,birdsandanimals.Sopeoplewillhaveaviewfromthehollowpartaboutthegarden.latticewindow—

borrowedscenery;viewborrowing(借景)Borrowedsceneryistheprincipleof"incorporatingbackgroundlandscapeintothecompositionofagarden"foundintraditionalChinesegardendesign.①“distantborrowing”(遠(yuǎn)借)e.g.mountains,forests,rivers,fields&lakes②“adjacentborrowing”(鄰借)e.g.neighboringtrees

③“upwardborrowing”(仰借)