Grammar動詞的-ing形式作狀語動詞的-ing形式作狀語，通常表示主語正在進行時的另一動作，用來對謂語動詞表示的動作加以修飾或作為陪襯。它可表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、結果、方式或伴隨動作，相當于相應的狀語從句。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(=Whentheyheardthenews…)作時間狀語作方式狀語Butlater,peopledevelopedawayofprinting,usingrocks.作結果狀語Ithoughthewasmakingfunofme,andranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.(=…sothatIreachedtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.)作伴隨狀語Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.作原因狀語Beingsick,Istayedathome.(=As/BecauseIwassick…)作條件狀語Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoadensewood.(Ifyoutake…)作補充說明Theplaneleavesatsix,arrivinginChicagoatten.現在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致，且為主動關系。1.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Thevisitorexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,addingthathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.3.Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.動詞的-ing形式的否定形式為“not+-ing形式”。現在分詞（-ing）做狀語的基本模式可以概括如下：Doingsth,主語+謂語+其他成分.主語+謂語+其他成分，doingsth.否定形式為：Notdoingsth,主語+謂語+其他成分.主語+謂語+其他成分，notdoingsth.Now,pleasefinishexercise3onP18.1.Leapingintotheair,thewitchvanished.2.Shoutingangrily,themanwavedhisswordatthestranger.3.Pickingupthecat,sherubbeditsheadaffectionately(親切的).4.Showingitsteethandmakingaloudnoise,thebearcameoutofthebushes.Answerstoexercise4:1.hoping/trying

2.had3.why4.so5.seeing/noticing6.as/for/because7.Sitting/Riding8.mine9.suddenly10.Jumping11.got12.realising13.shouted14.too15.taking.為強調-ing形式所表達的意義，在-ing形式短語前可用連詞、介詞或副詞。◆“when/while+-ing形式”強調-ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發生。While/Whenreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.◆“before+-ing形式”強調-ing形式在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發生。Makesuretoreadallchoicesbeforedecidingonthebestanswer.◆“after+動詞的-ing形式”強調-ing形式在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生。Afterfinishingreadingtheletter,hewentontowriteareply.◆“on/upon+-ing形式”表示“一（剛）……就……”。On/Uponhearingtheirteacher’svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.◆“thus+-ing形式”表示結果。Though/Althoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.◆“though/although+-ing形式”表示讓步。Thecarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.獨立成分作狀語。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般地說；strictlyspeaking嚴格地說；franklyspeaking坦率地說；exactlyspeaking確切地說；judgingfrom/by由……判斷出Generallyspeaking,peopleliketohearcomplimentsfromothers.Judging

from

his

accent,

he

must

be

from

Hunan.

Choosethebestanswerandthenrewritethesentences.

Findinghercarstolen,________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelpWhenshefoundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Exercises2._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedAfterithassufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.3.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedHehadn’treceivedareplysohedecidedtowriteagain.4.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid,_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid,whileshepointedtothenotice.5.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.MadeD.tomakeEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,andthismakesitthemostpopularsportintheworld.Rewritethesentencesusingthe–ingformoftheunderlinedverbs.Thewitchleaptintotheairandvanished.2.Themanshoutedangrilyandwavedhisswordatthestranger.3.Shepickedupthecatandrubbeditsheadaffectionately.4.Thebearcameoutofthebushes,

showeditsteethandmadealoudnoise.Leapingintotheair,thewitchvanished.Showingitsteethandmakingaloudnoise,thebearcameoutofthebushes.Pickingupthecat,sherubbeditsheadaffectionately.Shoutingangrily,themanwavedhisswordatthestranger.P183Rewritethesentencesusingthe–ingformoftheunderlinedverbs.1.Whenhesawthewitch,theboyranaway.On_____________,__________________.2.Beforehestartsthewar,thekingspeakstotheprince.Before_____________,________________________.seeingthewitchtheboyranawaystartingthewarthekingspeakstotheprinceP2133.Whilehewasfightinginthewar,theprincelearntmanythings.While_______________,_______________________________________.4.Afterhehadspokentohisson,thekingwenttowar.After________________,____________________________.5.Becausehedoesn’tknowwhattodo,Ferdinandfollowsthefrog’sadvice.Not_________________,_________________________.fightinginthewartheprincelearntmanythingsspeakingtohissonthekingwenttowarknowingwhattodoFerdinandfollowsthefrog’sadviceCompletethepassage._______enteringthepalace,thewitch_______immediatelygivenherownrooms,_______lookedoutontoabeautifulgarden.Thekingtookherinto_______garden,and_______walkingaroundit,hesaid,“Allthisisyoursnow.”On________thesewords,thewitchturnedaway________smiled,__________thatshehadwontheking’sheart.“_______youbemywife?”askedtheking,________intothe