Unit12Factandfantasy(2009·北京)請根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文，詞數(shù)不少于50。________________________________________[參考答案]Whataninterestingpicture!AWesternyoungman,sittingatatable,isreadytoeatabowlofnoodles.HeisholdingtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks.Heistryingsohardtopickupthenoodlesthatheissweatingalot.Atfirstglance,Ithinkit’sabitfunny,forweChinesetakeforgrantedthatchopsticksarethetoolsforeatingnoodles.Themaninthepictureistryingtocopyus.Obviouslyheisdoingitthehardway.Maybeusingoneforkwilldoabetterjob.Inmyopinion,wedon’tneedtocopyothers’waysofthinking.Sometimesasimplerwayofdoingthingsmaybeabetterway.Ⅰ.重點單詞1．______(vi.) 躊躇；猶豫2．______(n.) 努力；(體力)勞動3．______(n.) 現(xiàn)象；奇跡4．______(adj.) 聰明的；杰出的；耀眼的5．______(adj.) 溫和的；溫柔的；文雅的6．______(adj.) 永久的；固定的[答案]1．hesitate2.labour3.phenomenon4.brilliant5．gentle6.permanentⅡ.詞匯拓展1．hesitate→______(n.)躊躇，猶豫2．brilliant→______(n.)光輝，顯赫3．prisoner→______(n.)監(jiān)獄→______(v.)監(jiān)禁4．collision→______(vi.)碰撞；抵觸5．a(chǎn)pply→______(n.)申請者→______(n.)應用；申請6．botany→______(adj.)植物學的7．belief→______(v.)相信，信任→______(adj.)可信的[答案]1．hesitation2.brilliance3.prison;imprison4．collide5.applicant;application6.botanical7．believe;believableⅢ.重點短語1．begin______從……開始，首先2．contrary______與……相反3．burn______燒盡，燒掉4．slow______減緩(速度等)5．dream______夢想……6．cut______切碎；剪碎7．defend...______...保衛(wèi)……免于……8．turn______結(jié)果(是)9．______out出發(fā)；上路10．______sb.ofsth.提醒某人某事11．______aliving謀生12．______true實現(xiàn)[答案]1．with2.to3.out4.down5.of6.up7．a(chǎn)gainst8.out9.set10.remind11.make12．comeⅣ.重點句型1．...itisbelievedtobecausedbyaseamonster.……人們相信這是由一只海怪引起的。2．Theyfindthemselvessurroundedbycolourfulrocks,fishes,seashellsandplants,allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被五彩斑斕的巖石、魚類、貝類和海洋植物所包圍著，他們都在藍色的海水中隨波起伏，慢慢地移動著。Ⅴ.重點語法WordFormation2(構(gòu)詞法2)Ⅰ.詞匯聚焦1．hesitatevi.→n.hesitation猶豫[思維拓展]

hesitateinspeaking說話吞吞吐吐withouthesitation毫不猶豫地feelsomehesitationinacceptinginvitation對接受邀請有點猶豫不決Withoutamoment’s______，shejumpedintotheriverafterthechild.A.waiting B.hesitateC.hesitation D.silence解析：without作為介詞，后面須跟n.,pron.或v.－ing。wait本身可作n.，故可排除A；B為動詞；D為“沉默”，與題意不符。答案：C2．commonadj.共同的，共用的，普通的，常見的[思維拓展]havesth.incommon和……有共同之處havenothingincommon和……沒有共同之處incommonwith和……一樣，與……有共同之處becommonto/forsb.對……共有的(常見的)[指點迷津]common,general,ordinary與usualcommon指符合全體事物共同特征的、普遍的，如：commonsense“常識”；用于物指“不稀奇，很平常”，用于人指“沒有職業(yè)，不高貴”。general指相對于個別而言，一般的。如：generalknowledge“普通知識”；用于物指“包括一切的，很少有例外的”，用于人指“絕大多數(shù)人都適用的”。ordinary用于物指平常的，平淡的，用于人指“無特殊地位的，沒有優(yōu)越感的”。如：ordinarydress“便服”。usual強調(diào)習慣性，一貫如此。如：asusual“照例”。______otheryoungmen,healsoenjoyspopmusic.A.Comparedwith B.IncommonwithC.Exceptfor D.Speakingof解析：由于受后面also的限制，A、C不合句意和結(jié)構(gòu)。D項與he的邏輯關系不對，不能選擇。句意是“與其他年輕人一樣，他也喜歡流行音樂”。故選B。答案：B3．dislikev.&n.不喜歡，厭惡[思維拓展]dislike＋n.不喜歡……dislikedoingsth.不喜歡干某事haveadislikeof/for不喜歡……likesanddislikes好惡takeadisliketo對……產(chǎn)生反感[指點迷津]dislike等由否定意義的詞綴構(gòu)成的詞，要按常規(guī)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。如：Shedislikesswimming,doesn’tshe?Thatisunusual,isn’tthat?比較：Sheseldomgoestoswim,doesshe?Hehardlywritestoyou,doeshe?______hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.A.Dislike B.UnlikeC.Alike D.Liking解析：A為v.“不喜歡，厭惡”；B為prep.“不像，和……不同”；C為adj.“相像的，相似的”；D為n.“愛好”。根據(jù)題干，此處應使用prep.。答案：B4．desirev.&n.渴望，希望；愿望，要求[思維拓展]desiresth.desiretodosth.desiresb.todosth.Themanagerdesiredthatallofus______assoonaspossible.A.takemeasures B.tookmeasuresC.totakemeasures D.takingmeasures解析：desire后跟從句須用虛擬語氣，且should可以省略，desire后不跟動名詞。答案：A5．doubtn.&v.懷疑[思維拓展]indoubt不能確定withoutdoubt毫無疑問地throwdoubtupon...對……表示懷疑Thereisnodoubtabout毫無疑問……。havenodoubtabout毫無疑問[指點迷津]①doubt用作動詞，后接從句，主句是肯定句，用if或whether引導，主句是疑問句或否定句則用that引導。Idoubtwhetherhe’llbesuccessful.Idon’tdoubtthathe’llbesuccessful.Doyoudoubtthathe’llbesuccessful?②名詞doubt后接同位語從句，否定句、疑問句用that引導，肯定句用whether引導。Thereisnodoubtthathe’llbesuccessful.Isthereanydoubtthathe’llbesuccessful?Ihavedoubtwhetherhe’llbesuccessful.Isthereanydoubt______itisgoingtorain?A.if B.whetherC.when D.that解析：在疑問句、否定句中，doubt后面的從句用that引導。在肯定句中，doubt后的從句用whether/if引導。答案：DⅡ.短語突破1．throw...upon/on把……投向……，把……引導到……[思維拓展]throwlightupon闡明，使明白throwshadowson把影子投射到throwdoubton對……產(chǎn)生懷疑throwaway扔掉throw...at...向著……扔……throwon/off匆匆穿上/脫下……oprison把某人關進監(jiān)獄Whatapity!He______theonlychanceofsuccess.A.threwaway B.putdownC.gavein D.brokeoff解析：throwaway“扔掉；坐失(良機等)”；putdown“寫下，記下；平息”；givein“屈服，投降”；breakoff“折斷”。根據(jù)句意“他失去了最后的成功機會，真遺憾！”，答案應為throwaway。答案：A2．dealwith對付，處理[思維拓展]①對付，應付，處理，安排Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.以其人之道還治其人之身。②論述，涉及abookdealingwithAsianproblems一本論述亞洲問題的書③做買賣dealwiththatstore和那家商店做買賣[指點迷津]dowith①與……相處②忍受③對付，處置④havedonewith做完，用畢，已和……無關，已和……斷絕關系⑤havetodowith和……有關，和……打交道⑥dowith與dealwith都可表示“處理”，其不同點在于dealwith常與連接副詞how連用，而dowith常與連接代詞what連用。3．makealiving[思維拓展]makealiving謀生earnaliving謀生plainliving簡樸的生活adeclineinlivingstandards生活水平的下降wayoflife生活方式thegreatestlivingEnglishwriter還活在世上的英國最偉大的作家①Sheearnsalivingasawriter.②Whatdoyoudoforaliving?③Shehasnolivingrelatives.4．cutup[思維拓展]cutup切碎，砍碎，使傷心cutoff切斷；砍斷cutout切掉；剪下；戒除，改掉cutdown砍；削減，減少cutin插嘴；超車搶道Withtheelectricity______，allthemachinesstopped.A.cutoff B.cutdownC.wascutoff D.wascutdown解析：此處with復合結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語electricity與cutoff存在被動關系，因此用過去分詞的形式表被動。cutdown“砍倒；削減”與句意不符。答案：A5．beginwith[思維拓展]beginwith＝startwith以……開始endwith＝endupwith以……結(jié)束

[指點迷津]endup“以……而告終”，含有“最終結(jié)局不好”之意。Manybattleswerebroughtaboutbutthesettlers______betterlandthantheNativeAmericans.A.endedwith B.endedupinC.finishedwith D.endedupas解析：end(up)with“以……而結(jié)束”；endupas“最終成為……”。答案：A6．onboard上船(或火車、公共汽車、飛機等)[思維拓展]goonboard上船/上火車/上飛機stayonboard在船上/火車上/飛機上①Theshiphad500passengersonboard.②Thereweretenmenonboardtheplane.③I’llmanagetogoonboardsomehow.Oneofthesailorswasnot______whentheshipsailedoff.A.ontheboard B.inboardC.onboard D.abovetheboard解析：onboard是一個固定詞組，board前不加冠詞。答案：C

Ⅲ.句型歸納Theyfindthemselvessurroundedbycolourfulrocks,fishes,seashellsandplants,allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被五彩的巖石、魚類、貝類及海中植物包圍著，它們都在藍色的海水中慢慢地游動著，移動著。(1)findthemselvessurroundedby...結(jié)構(gòu)是“find＋賓語＋賓補”的形式，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物怎么樣了”。“findoneself＋賓語”表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺處于某種狀態(tài)”。[思維拓展]

findsb./sth.tobe“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物是”Hehurriedtothestationonly______thetrain______.A.tofind;hadleftB.finding;leftC.found;leaveD.tohavefound;toleave解析：考查不定式作結(jié)果狀語和find的用法。現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式都可以表示結(jié)果，但現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示意料之中的事情，而不定式多表示出乎意料的事情，根據(jù)題意分析表示的是出乎意料的事情，因此用不定式作結(jié)果狀語。第二個空用過去完成時，表示過去的過去，表示到達車站時火車已經(jīng)離開。答案：A(2)．..allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters該結(jié)構(gòu)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語。[思維拓展]①Timepermitting,we’llgoo