Lesson8

A

famous

monastery

著名的修道院

Smile

Newwordsandexpression生詞和短語monasteryn.寺院，修道院St.

Bernard圣伯納德passn.關隘watchdogn.看門狗rashlyadv.莽撞地，冒失地enclosuren.圍場，圈地monkn.和尚privacyn.清靜，隱居skiern.滑雪者skin.滑雪橇vi.滑雪（--go

skiing）Eastern.復活節1.monasteryn.寺院，修道院abbotn.男修道院院長conventn.女修道會,女修道院nunn.修女abbessn.女修道院院長2.rashlyadv.莽撞地，冒失地

boldlyadv.大膽地,顯眼地.3.Eastern.復活節at

Easter在復活節at

Christmas在圣誕節at

Thanksgiving在感恩節Switzerland（n.瑞士,歐洲中部國家）metre=meter（n.米,公尺）attempt（vt.嘗試,企圖）freedom（n.自由,自主）regular（adj.規則的,有秩序的,經常的）minusadj.負的,減的prep.減去n.負數aminusvalue一個負值minusfivedegrees零下五度degreen.度數,度,程度 Questions1.WhataretehSt.Bernarddogsusedfor?2.HowdothesepeoplecrossthePass?3.Whyarethedogskeptinaspecialenclosure?4.Dothemonkspreferthewinterseason?5.Whatarethedogsfreetodoinwinter?6.Dotheystaytherethewholewinterordotheystayonlyatacertaintimes?1.The

Great

St.

Bernard

Pass

connects

Switzerland

to

Italy.St.=saint（n.圣人,圣徒adj.神圣）把...與…連接在一起

connect…to…/join….to…

/link…with…connect...with把...與某事聯系在一起--I

can't

connect

the

picture

with

my

friend,Mary.be

connected

with與...有聯系--Are

you

connected

with

the

government?2.At

2,473

metres,

it

is

the

highest

mountain

pass

in

Europe.At

2,473

metres（介詞短語修飾全句用于句首表示原因、條件或狀態）--In

red,she

looks

much

more

beautiful.-At

the

age

of

25,he

is

able.在十五歲的時候,他很能干。-At

one

point

65

metres,he

is

a

little

short.3.The

famous

monastery

of

St.

Bernard,

which

was

founded

in

the

eleventh

century,

lies

abouta

mile

away.found（v.建立,創立）=setup（設立,豎立）=establish（vt.成立，建立）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句最大的區別：1>非限制性定語從句只是對主句或主句中所出現的某個名詞的補充、說明和解釋,去掉對主句影響不大。2>限制性定語從句是主句當中不可缺少的一部分。1>who引導的非限制性定語從句主要指人做主語Mr.

Smith

was

a

famous

person

in

American

history.--Mr.

Smith,whodiedonJuly

17that84,was

a

famous

person

in

American

history.--There

were

very

few

passengers,who

escaped

without

serious

injury.（n.傷害）旅客很少,他們都逃出來了,沒有受到重傷。There

were

very

few

passengers

who

escaped

without

serious

injury.沒有受重傷而逃出來的旅客很少。--The

taxi

drivers,who

knew

about

the

traffic

jam,took

another

road.所有司機都知道堵車的事,都走了別的路。-The

taxi

drivers

who

knew

about

the

traffic

jam

took

another

road,and

others

who

didn't

know

about

the

traffic

jam

still

took

this

heavy

road.得知堵車的司機走了別的路,不知道堵車事件的司機仍然走這條路。2>指代事物在非限制性定語從句當中只能使用which,不用that。--He

lent

me

a

thousand

dollars,which

was

exactly

the

sum

I

needed.3>指代時間when、地點where--He

was

left

on

the

desert

island,where

he

stayed

for

as

long

as

three

weeks.他被留在了荒島上,在那里他呆了長達三周之久。3.For

hundreds

of

years,

St.

Bernard

dogs

have

saved

the

lives

of

travellers

crossing

the

dangerous

Pass.life（n.生命,生活）lives（life的復數）4.These

friendly

dogs,

which

were

first

brought

from

Asia,

were

used

as

watchdogs

even

inRoman

times.which指代friendly

dogs--The

panda,which

was

brought

from

China,was

used

as

a

symbol

of

friendship.

5.Now

that

a

tunnel

ahs

been

built

through

the

mountains,

the

Pass

is

less

dangerous,

but

each

year,

the

dogs

are

still

sent

out

into

the

snow

whenever

a

traveller

is

in

difficulty.now

that既然1>用做時間連接詞,后面通常跟完成式--Now

that

you

have

left

university,you

have

to

find

a

job.2>用做原因連接詞時,后面時態不限

--Now

that

you

won't

help

me,I

must

do

the

job

myself.whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however

=no

matter

who/what/when/where/which/how

--You

can

telephone

me

whenever

you

like.無論什么時候你想打電話給我都行。--Whichever

day

you

come,we'll

be

pleased

to

see

you.--Wherever

you

go,I'll

follow

you.--However

busy

you

are,you

must

spare

some

time

to

study

English.6.Despite

the

new

tunnel,

there

are

still

a

few

people

who

rashly

attempt

to

cross

the

Pass

on

foot.despite(介詞)=in

spite

of(of是介詞)attempt

to

do

something

=try

to

do

something企圖做某事There

be結構：There

are

still

a

few

students

studying

English

in

the

classroom.=TherearestillafewstudentswhoarestudyingEnglishintheclassroom.依舊有些學生在教室學習英語。7.During

the

summer

months,

the

monastery

is

very

busy,

for

it

is

visited

by

thousands

of

people

who

cross

the

Pass

in

cars.in

cars=by

car

8.As

there

are

so

many

people

about,

the

dogs

have

to

be

kept

in

a

special

enclosure.about（adv.到處,周圍）--Don't

litter

waste

paper

about.不要到處扔廢紙。Litter（vt.亂丟,鋪草,弄亂）--look

about

到處看/

go

about到處走/run

about到處跑/wander

about到處閑逛keep經常和介詞短語、形容詞、分詞搭配使用,表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態。--Keep

him

out./Keep

him

in.（介詞）--Do

keep

the

cat

in

the

room.（介詞）--I'm

sorry

to

keep

you

waiting.（現在分詞）--The

lamb

was

kept

tight

to

a

tree.=Ikeptthelambtighttoatree.lamb（n.小羊,羔羊）/tight（adj.緊的,繃緊的）9.In

winter,

however,

life

at

the

monastery

is

quite

different.quite

the

opposite恰恰相反The

temperature

drops

to

-30°and

very

few

people

attempt

to

cross

the

Pass.The

monks

prefer

winter

to

summer

of

they

have

more

privacy.prefer

A

toB寧愿A也不愿B--I

prefer

reading

to

doing

nothing.我寧愿看書,也不愿什么都不做。--The

boy

prefers

apples

to

bananas.prefer

to

do

sththan

do

sth--He

prefers

to

read

than

do

nothing.我寧愿看書,也不愿什么都不做。10.The

dogs

have

greater

freedom,

too,

for

they

are

allowed

to

wander

outside

their

enclosure.11.The

only

regular

visitors

to

the

monastery

in

winter

are