動(dòng)詞不定式不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))1.作主語(yǔ)2.作賓語(yǔ)3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.作定語(yǔ)5.作狀語(yǔ)6.作表語(yǔ)7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問(wèn)詞等連用動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主語(yǔ)單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)若不定式太長(zhǎng),往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.(2).表語(yǔ)Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)賓語(yǔ)think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).賓補(bǔ)五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽(tīng)

listento

hear一感覺(jué):

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感覺(jué)和let,make,have等表示使役的動(dòng)詞后面，不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要省“to”（注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不省to）3>不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定語(yǔ)(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請(qǐng)給我一支寫字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。1.不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主謂關(guān)系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。(3)同位關(guān)系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。2.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。3.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一個(gè)房間住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他沒(méi)錢沒(méi)地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語(yǔ)（表示目的或結(jié)果）inorderto,

soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短語(yǔ)中也有體現(xiàn)(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)(8)不定式與疑問(wèn)詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道說(shuō)什么。(賓語(yǔ))Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。(主語(yǔ))Myquestioniswhentostart.我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。(表語(yǔ))注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?關(guān)于不定式中的小品詞to(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò),下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.

一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）與句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。㈡.進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).注意

A.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否定副詞not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.注意B.動(dòng)詞不定式之后可加疑問(wèn)詞，通常做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意C.作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned練習(xí)3.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokindas

usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp7Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking

11.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying高考鏈接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyin

summer.Themorningairisso

good______.(2008全國(guó)I卷)A.tobebreathed

B.tobreathe

C.breathing

D.beingbreathedB

2.–

Didthebookgivetheinformationyou

needed?

–

Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadthe

entirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofind

B.find

C.tofinding

D.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.

(2008北京卷)A.towelcome

B.welcoming

C.tobewelcomed

D.welcomedA

C

4._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhave

toworktwomorehoursaday.

(2008湖南卷)A.Completing

B.Complete

C.Completed

D.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I'mhappyto

justkeeponuntilitisfinished.

(2008上海卷)

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.done

D.doingDA

6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.(07江西卷)A.training

B.beingtrained

C.tohavetrained

D.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_______.(07浙江卷)A.tobeheard

B.tohaveheard

C.hearing

D.beingheardD

A

exerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘記去做．．．

doingsth.忘記已做了．．．remembertodosth.記得去做．．．

doingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做．．．9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After__________(think)everything