Unit1Culturalrelics詞匯句式rare稀少的，罕見的；珍貴的；三分熟辨析：易混詞辨析例句rare通常指罕見而有價值的事物。Hereplacedtherarevasewith/byafalseone.scare主要指有用的一般事物，但目前數量不夠。Waterisscareinthedesert.uncommon/unusual指因不經常發生而值得注意的事物。It’snolongeruncommon/unusualforagirltotakepartinthegamesnow.valuableadj.1)很有用的，寶貴的veryusefulorimportantvaluableexperience寶貴的經驗2)很值錢的，貴重的Valuablejewellery3)valueless無價值的，不值錢的withoutvalueorworthworthless沒有用的，無價值的;Criticssayhispaintingsareworthless.人品質壞的，不中用的Constantrejectionsmadehimfellveryworthless.Asenseofworthlessness無能為力的感覺priceless無價的，極重要的，珍貴的veryvaluableorimportantsurvivevi繼續生存,存在，存活survive(from/on/assth)Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertime.很多奇怪的風俗從早年就留存下來了。Ican’tsurviveon40dollarsinaweek.一星期，40美元我無法維生活。Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecrash,onlytwosurvived.2)vt經歷某遭遇后幸存,艱難度過survivesth.Fewpeoplesurvivedtheearthquake.Thecompanymanagedtosurvivethecrisis.3)vt比…活/存在得時間長survivesb/sth.Themansurvivedhissisterbythreeyears.4)survivorn.幸存者Therewasonlyonesurvivorfrom/oftheplanecrash.這次空難只有一名幸存者。survivaln.幸存Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.唯有心臟移植手術才能使他活下來。survivev.繼續生存或存在survivaln.幸存，存活survivorn.幸存者valuen.價值valuableadj.貴重的，有價值的Valuelessadj.無價值的，沒有用的decoratev.裝飾decorationn.裝飾，裝潢decorativeadj.裝飾的，裝飾作用的Thejawbonewasourmostvaluablediscovery.Theyhaveorderedsoftwaretothevalueof700.Hethinksouradviceisvalueless,sohewon’ttakeit.Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.Thisceremonyisasurvivalfrompre-Christiantimes.Sheistheonlysurvivorintheaccident.Whenwilltheyfinishthedecorationoftheroom?Thebuildingwasdecoratedwithflags.Thecoloredlightsareverydecorative.Reading一、長難句分析1.FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。1)couldnot/neverhavedone是對過去所發生事情的否定推測Shecouldn’thavewalkedthere.歸納：情態動詞+havedone表示對過去所發生的事情的推測，現歸納如下：must+havedone只用于肯定句，“肯定已做過”（表推測）couldhavedone本來可以做（卻未做）；可能做過can’t/couldn’t+havedone“過去不可能做過，肯定沒做過”，或“本來有能力做而實際上沒有做”。should(oughtto)+havedone表示“本來應該做而實際上沒做”,含有責備的語氣。shouldnot(oughtnotto)+havedone則表示“本來不該做而實際上做了”，含有責備的語氣。needn’t+havedone表示“本來不必做的事，實際上做過了。”may(might)+havedone表示對過去的推測，多用于陳述句，might比may語氣更加委婉。意思是“可能或許做過；本來或許會做（卻未做）”wouldliketohavedone表示“本來希望做而卻未做的事”。hadbetterhavedone例1.(2007福建)---Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.---You______itinthewrongplace.A.mustput B.shouldhaveput C.mightput D.mighthaveput解析：答案是D。mighthavedone表示過去可能做過的事。例2.(2007上海)---Guesswhat!IhavegotanAformytermpaper.---Great!You_____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave解析：答案是C。此句意為“你肯定讀了很多書”，對過去發生的事情進行推測用musthavedone。例3.(2008重慶)---Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.---Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would解析：答案是A。此句意為“你可能購物時丟了它了”，過去可能發生的事情用mayhavedone。例4.(上海

2000)My

sister

met

him

at

the

Grand

Theater

yesterday

afternoon,

so

he______

your

lecture．

A．

couldn’t

have

attended

B．

needn’t

have

attended

C．

mustn’t

have

attended

D．

shouldn’t

have

attended解析：答案是A。此句意為“我妹妹昨天下午在大劇院碰見他了，所以他不可能聽了你的講座。”表示過去不可能做了用“can’t/couldn’thavedone”。2)such為形容詞修飾名詞，so為副詞修飾形容詞或副詞。sucha/an(+形容詞)+單數名詞such(+形容詞)+復數名詞so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞so+形容詞/副詞somany/few+復數名詞(如此多/少的…)somuch/little+不可數名詞(如此多/少的…)記憶口訣：名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so，little屬特殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。suchlittlechildren如此小的孩子們solittlewater如此少的水注意：與表示量的形容詞或不定代詞連用時，應放于此類詞之后，如：nosuchman,manysuchbooks,fewsuchfilms,twosuchboxes.2．…whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.它花了這個國家最好的藝術家十年的時間建造的。take表示“需要，花費”，常用句型為“Ittakessbsometimetodosth.”例如：Ittookhimallafternoontofinishthetask.他用了整個下午才完成這件工作。Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇氣。3.Aboutfourmeterslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.琥珀屋長約四米，被當作了接待廳接見重要客人。表示某物的長，寬，高的結構為：數詞+量詞+long/wide/high或：數詞+量詞+inlength/width/height例：---______istheheightofthemountain?---It’s8848meters______.A.Howtall;high B.What;tall C.What;inheight D.Whathigh;high;解析：答案是C。高度是多少用what提問，第二空可填high或inheight。3.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalace…….Have,get后可加不定式，現在分詞，過去分詞，三種形式做賓補。“使，讓，叫”1）have/getsth.Done使/讓某事由別人做You’dbetterhave/getyourbicyclerepaired.Nowmanypeoplemoveintocitiesinordertohavetheirchildrenbettereducated.Havesthdone還有使…遭遇，經歷（不好的事或意外）Hehad/gothismoneystolen.2）havesb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事Havesbdoing用語否定句，有容忍的意思。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.Don’thavethewaterrunning.3)havesth.todo有事要做（主語自己做）Ihaveameetingtoattend.4)havesth.tobedone有事要做（讓別人做）Ihaveatelegramtobesentout.5)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事make/letsb.dosthgetsb.todosthI’llhaveMaryfinishit.4.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.thewayshewanted前的介詞in被省略了，同時定語從句shewanted的引導詞that也被省略了。又如：InEnglish,wordsarenotalwaysspelledthewaytheysound.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishthewayIdo.IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwanted.hewaslookingatherinawaythatsurprisedher.wehavetomakeitworkinthewaythattheywantitto另外，1)當way前面有形容詞作定語時，其前不省略in。2)way后可接ofdoing或todo作定語，表示做某事的方式或手段。Healwayswritesinacarelessway.Hefoundthebestwaytosolve/ofsolvingtheproblem.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,and…….light的過去式和過去分詞有兩種:lit和lighted。作謂語時，二者可通用，但作定語時，只能用lighted。Helighted/litacandleandhandedthelightedcandletome.5.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.這是兩國交戰的時期。①atime表示一段時間，為先行詞，when引導定語從句，when在定語從句中作時間狀語。考題：Therewas______time______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,that B.a,when C.the,that D.the,when解析：答案是B。此題結構和所分析的句子完全相同。②atwar(with)(和…)處于交戰狀態，war前不要冠詞。其他“介詞+冠詞”表狀態的短語有：at:atwork在工作/attable在吃飯/atplay在玩耍on:onshow在展出/onduty值班/onsale出售；賤賣/onholiday在度假/onfire在燃燒/onwatch值班，放哨/ontrial受審/onbusiness因公，因事/onguard警惕，防范in:introuble在麻煩中/indanger處于危險中/inbattle在交戰/indoubt懷疑，不確定/inorder秩序井然，整齊/insecret秘密地，私下地/indebt欠債/inshape處于良好狀態/inanger憤怒地/inpoverty在貧困中under:underrepair在修理中/underdiscussion正被討論/underconstruction正在建造中/undertreatment正被治療under二、詞語辨析：1.worth,worthy,worthwhile(1)worth:(haveaworthinmoney,ect.)①只作表語，有某種價值,值…錢；Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Howmuchisthispaintingworth?Thepictureisworth$500.這幅畫值500美元。②值得（費周折）的(important,goodorenjoyableenoughtomakesbfeelsatisfied,whendifficultyoreffortisinvolved.);指（行動）有價值的（usedtorecommendtheactionmentionedbecauseyouthinkitmaybeuseful.）worth+sth/doingsth值得做某事，接動名詞時用主動形式表被動意義。Thejobinvolvesalotofhardwork,butit’sworthit.Themuseumisworthvisiting.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得干的事就得干好。Nothinghesaidwasworthlisteningto.他說的話沒有一句值得聽。③worth習慣上不用very修飾，要表示類似意思可用well。如：Theworkiswellworthdoing.(2)worthy可用作表語和定語①worthyofsth值得…Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.他們的努力應得到你的支持。Herbehaviorisworthyofpraise.她的行為是值得贊揚的。②beworthytodo值得（表主動）Heisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.他應該得到這種榮譽。③beworthyofbeingdone/beworthytobedone值得被（表被動）Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.這個建議值得考慮。Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.這個建議值得考慮。④作定語，值得尊重和考慮的，(havingqualitiesthatdeserveyourrespectorattention,admiration.)如：aworthycourse崇高的事業，(3)worthwhile:adj值得的，值得花時間、錢或精力的，①作表語,后接動名詞或不定式均可。如：Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythedictionary.這本詞典值得買。②作定語，如：Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.護理工作是很值得干的職業。補充說明：在很多情況下，同一個意思可用幾種不同的形式表達。那個地方值得一去。正：Theplaceisworthavisit.Theplaceisworthyofavisit.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.Theplaceisworthvisiting.Itisworthvisitingtheplace.Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace.Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.2.spend,cost,take,pay(1)spend的主語必須是人，常用于以下結構：①spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花費時間（金錢）。例：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.②spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花費時間（金錢）做某事。例：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。(2)cost的主語是物或某種活動，還可以表示“值”，常見用法如下：①sth.costs+(sb.)＋金錢.某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。②sth.costs+(sb.)＋代價.做某事使某人付出了什么代價。例：Drunkdrivingcosthimhislife.酒后開車使他付出了生命的代價。(3)take后面常跟雙賓語，常見用法有以下幾種：①Ittakessb.＋時間＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少時間。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。②Ittakes(sb)＋sth+todosth.做某事需要(某人)某物。例：Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇氣。Asmileissometimeswhatittakestocheerafriendup.有時候一個微笑就會使朋友高興起來。(4)pay的基本用法是：①(Sb)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢（給某人）買……。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每個月要付20英磅的房租。②payforsth.付……的錢。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。③paysb(+todo)付錢給某人(去做某事)。例:Wepaythebaby-sitterbythehour.我們按小時給保姆錢。Iwillpayyou$3tocleanmycar.我給你3美元你替我洗車。search1)n.搜尋，搜索，查找anattempttofindsb/sth,especiallybylookingcarefullyforthem/it.insearchofsb/sth(=lookingfor)尋找…在句中作目的狀語或表語Hewasinsearchofanoldfriend.The/one’ssearchforsb/sth尋找…Manypeoplejoinedtheminthesearchforgold.v.searchforsth尋找某物或某人Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她尋找護照，但是沒找到。I’vesearchedhighandlowformylostpen.我到處尋找丟失的鋼筆。searchsthforsth/sb搜查某物以尋找某人或某物Policearestillsearchingthewoodsforthemissinggirl.警察在搜索森林尋找失蹤女孩。Firefighterssearchedthebuildingforsurvivors.消防戰士搜查大樓尋找幸存者。searchsbforsth搜查某人以尋找某物Thepolicesearchedherfordrugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。beusedtodo,beusedtodoing與usedtodoThewoodherewillbeusedtomaketablesandchairs.Heisusedtolivinginthecountrysidenow.Sheusedtocomealot,butnowweseldomseeher.amazevt:verysurprise辨析：易混詞辨析例句amaze“驚愕”；含有驚嘆；佩服之意。Fare’sperfectvoiceamazedme.surprise“驚訝”“出乎意料”；是“吃驚”的普通用詞。語氣較弱。Itsurprisedmethatyousangthissongsowell.astonish“使十分驚訝”“試大吃一驚”(=surprisesb.verymuch)，語氣較強，含難以置信之意。Sheastonishedusbysayingshewasleaving.shock使“震驚”；多用來指重大的事情使人為之一震，有大為驚訝之意（=surprisesb.greatly），語氣最強。Iwasshockedbywhathadhappened.amazed感到吃驚的,大為驚奇的beamazedby/atShewasamazedathowcalmshefeltaftertheaccident.beamazedthat/wh-Itamazedherthathecouldbesocalmatsuchatime.在這個時候他還能冷靜，真令我驚訝。beamazedtofind/see…Shewasamazedtofindnoonewashurt.amazing令人吃驚的Theamazingthingisthatitwaskeptsecretforsolong.amazementn.Shelookathiminamazement.她驚愕的看著他。bemadeinto被制成…bemadeof用…制成(看得見原材料)bemadefrom用…制成(看不見原材料)bemadefor為…制作bemadeupof由…組成Ex.用以上短語完成句子。1).Acar________________manydifferentparts.2).Thechair______________wood.3).Thewine________________grapes.4).Thesalad_________lettuce,tomatoesandcucumbers.5).Woodcan____________paper.selectselect/choose/elect/pickselect強調在廣泛的范圍內進行“精選或淘汰”，側重以客觀為標準進行選擇。choose普通用詞，側重根據個人意愿和判斷從眾多的對象中進行選擇，著重被選者的優點。elect指按照一定的規章或法律，用投票等方式進行的認真慎重的選擇。pick口語用詞，強調“從個人角度在眾多之中進行挑選”，有時含有“任意選擇”的意思。1）vt.選擇，挑選selectsth/sb(as/forsth),Hehasn’tbeenselectedasthemonitor.Tomfailedtobeselectedforthefootballteam.selectsb/sth(fromsth)Heselectedseveralgoodstudentsfromtheclasstocompetefortherace.adjn.精選的，優等的aselectclub名流俱樂部Theylivedinaselectarea.他們住在高級住宅區。selectiveadj.常作定語有選擇的，選擇性的theselectivebreedingofcattle牛的選擇性培育beselective(aboutsth)嚴格篩選的youmustbeselectiveboutwhocouldbepromoted.honeyedadj.言辭甜言蜜語的，柔順討好的Hespokeinhoneyedtones.他說話像抹了蜜似的。design.1)v.計劃，籌劃(tothinkofandplanasystem,awayofdoingsth,ect.)designdoing/todo…打算做……Wehavedesignedbuilding/tobuildaparkhere.設計,構思~sth(todecisehowsthwilllook,work,etc.especiallybydrawingplansormakingmodels)todesignacar/adress/anoffice設計汽車，連衣裙，辦公室abadlydesignedkitchen一間設計很差的廚房Hedesignedandbuilthisownhouse.他設計建造了自己的家。bedesignedforsth/bedesignedassth/bedesignedtodo為某目的或用途而設計制造(tomake,plan,orintendsthforaparticularpurposeorues.)Thisroomisdesignedforthechildren.Thisisdesignedasapresentformydaughter.這是作為禮物給我女兒的。Thiscourseisdesignedasanintroductiontothesubject.這門課程是作為該科目的入門課而開設的。Theprogrammeisdesignedtohelppeoplewhohavebeenoutofwork.這個項目是為幫助失業的人而開設的。2）n.設計，布局，安排Themachine’suniquedesignpreventsfromoverheating.這機器獨特的設計可以防止溫度過高。構思，藝術設計ShecametoLondonin1960tostudyfashiondesign.打算，意圖Shehaddesignsonhismoney.她覬覦他的錢財。Wedon’tknowifitwasdonebyaccidentorbydesign.我們不知道那件事是偶然的還是故意的。bydesignonpurposebyintention故意地byaccidentbychance意外地decoratev.1）裝飾，裝潢；點綴，裝點；decoratesth(withsth)Photosofactorsdecoratedthewalloftherestaurant.演員的照片點綴了這面墻壁。Wedecoratedthehousewithsomepictures.譯：墻上裝飾有幾幅畫。誤：Somepicturesweredecoratedonthewall.正：Thewallwasdecoratedwithsomepictures.2)授給（某人）勛章或獎章decoratesb.forsthdecorationn.c.pl.裝飾品Christmasdecorationsu.裝飾，裝潢jewelc.寶石apreciousstoneajewelbox首飾盒pl.寶石飾物，珠寶首飾jewelleryn.u.珠寶，首飾（總稱）silver/goldjewellery銀飾，金飾style方式，作風theparticularwayinwhichsthisdone.astyleoflearships/management領導作風，管理方法（書，畫，建筑等）風格，體(features)astyleofarchitecture建筑風格in…style/inthestyleof…“以…的風格”SheboughtapaintinginthestyleofPicasso.Doyouhaveachairinthisstyle?時髦，流行(thequalityofbeingfashionableinclothesthatyouwear.)in/outofstyle時髦的/過時的（衣服，頭發等）款式(aparticulardesignofsth,especiallyclothes.)fancy1）adj.fancier,fanciest異常過分復雜的(usuallycomplicated,ofteninaunnecessaryway.)Theyaddedalotoffancyfootstepstothedance.他們給這個舞蹈增加了很多復雜的舞步。（常貶義）昂貴的，奢華的(expensiveorconnectedwithanexpensivewayoflife.)Fancyrestaurantwithfancyprice價格昂貴的奢華餐廳（小物件）精致的，花哨的(withalotofdecorationsorbrightcolors.)fancygoods奇特的，異樣的2）v.想要，想做wantsthorwanttodosthDoyoufancyadrink?想要喝一杯嗎？Doyoufancygongingoutthisevening?今晚想出去嗎？Hedidn’tfancytheideaofgonginghomeinthedark.他不喜歡夜晚回家自負，自命不凡(tothinkyourselfisverypopular,attractive,intelligent.)fancyoneselfIcouldtellhereallyfancieshimself.看得出他確實自以為了不起自以為是，自命為(toliketheideaofbeingsthortobelieve,oftenwrongly,thatyouaresth.)fancyoneself/(as/tobesth)fancy+thatclauseHefancieshimselfaserious.他自以為是嚴肅的演員認為，想象tobelieveorimaginesthfancy(one’s)doingsth.想象（某人）做某事fancysbtobe/as..想象，認為某人為成為…fancythat…Don’tfancythatyoucansucceedwithouthardwork..Shefanciedsheheardfootstepsbehindher.她覺得好像聽到有腳步聲Hefanciesshelikeshim.他以為他喜歡她。fancy常用于表驚嘆的句子，意為“沒想到，竟然”Fancymeetingyouhere.竟然在這遇見了你“sherememberedmynameafteralltheseyears”,‘fancythat”.真想不到3）n.愛好，喜愛，迷戀,想要(afeelingthatyou’dliketohavesthortodosth.)haveafancythat…感到，揣測……haveafancyfor…喜歡……takeafancyto…變得喜歡take/catchone’sfancy引起某人的喜歡，中某人的意，吸引某人Shelookedthroughthesebooksuntiloneofthemtookherfancy.她仔細查看這些書，終于有一本中了她的意。Hesaidhewantedadog,butitwasonlyapassingfancy.他說他想要一條狗，但那只是他一時心血來潮。想象（力），想象的事物（sththatyouimagine;yourimagination.）belongtosb屬于某人(ownedbysb)Thecasedoesn’tbelongtome.（事件，比賽等某人）獲勝，最受歡迎(mostsuccessfulorpopular.)Tomdidwellattheparty,buttheeveningbelongedtoLucy.湯姆表現的很好，但路西整晚都大出風頭belongtosth是…的成員(tobeamemberofaclub,team,organization,)Idon’tknowtowhichteamhebelongs.是（某族類或綱目的）一部分，屬于(tobepartofaparticulargroup,type,system.)Lionsbelongtothecatfamily.注意：belongto既無被動形式，也不能用于進行時。to為介詞，可跟名詞或代詞作賓語。可用于V-ing形式作后置定語Eg:Idon’tknowanymembersbelongingtothatclub.DiaoYuIsland,belongingtoChina,isoffthenorthcoastofTaiwan.inreturn作為對…的報答，以答謝(asawayofthankingsb,orpayingthemforsththey’vedone.)YougavemeyourwatchandinreturnIgaveyoumybook.Heboughtheragoldwatchinreturnforherhelp.作為回應(asaresponseofreaction)Iaskedhisopinion,buthejustaskmeaquestioningreturn.我征求他的意見，他卻只是反問了我一句。serveas當，擔任，充當Heservedasawaiterthere.歸納：actas充當;擔任...角色workas擔當，充當Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson.HeworkedinChinaasadoctor.receptionn.c.接待處招待會，接待儀式,歡迎會(aformalsocialoccasiontowelcomesborcelebratesth.)aweddingreception結婚喜宴u.接納，迎接(theactofreceivingorwelcomingsb.)areceptioncentre接待站sing.歡迎，接受(thetypeofwelcomethatisgiventosb/sth.)Ireceivedawarmreceptionintheschool.我在學校受到了熱烈的歡迎consider1)（尤指為做出決定）仔細考慮，細想(tothinkaboutsthcarefullyinordertomakeadecision.)consider+n./doing/wh-+todo/that-clauseSheconsideredheroptions.她考慮了自己的各種選擇We’reconsideringbuyingacar.Weneedtoconsiderhowthelawmightbereformed.我們正在想怎樣修訂這項法律。I’dlikesometimetoconsider.我需要時間考慮Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.2)認為；以為；覺得(tothinkofethinaparticular.)consider+n/that-clause/+(tobe/as)+n./adj./todoconsider+賓語+賓補Heconsidersitagreathonortogiveaspeechduringthemeeting.Whodoyouconsider(tobe)responsiblefortheaccident?Heisgenerallyconsideredtohavedonetherightthing.普遍認為她做的是對的Consideryourselfluckyyouweren’tfired.真是萬幸，你沒被開除。WeconsiderBeijing(tobe/as)theheartofourcountry.Heisconsideredtohavestolenthepicture.歸納：consider/regard/treat/thinkof/lookon…as…認為……，把…看作…3)vt.體諒，考慮到，顧及(tothinkaboutsth,especiallythefeelingsofotherpeople,andinfluencedbyitwhenmakingadecision,ect.)Youshouldconsiderotherpeoplebeforeyouact.應當考慮到別人（consider）(4)vt端詳,注視(tolookcarefullyatsth/sb.)Hestoodthere,consideringthegirl.considerationn.consideringprep.conj.考慮到，就…而言，鑒于Consideringhisage,heisactive.就他的年齡而言，他很活躍。was/

were

able

to

表示過去經過努力，成功地做了某事，表達一種結果。類似于succeededindoing或managedtodo的含義。如：He

worked

very

hard,

and

was

able

to

pass

the

examination.他學習很努力，因而通過了考試。考題:The

fire

spread

through

the

hotel

very

quickly

but

everyone

______get

out.

A.

had

to

B.

would

C.

could

D.

was

able

to解析：答案是D。此題意為“大火迅速在賓館蔓延開，但人們都成功地逃出去了”，表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用was

／

were

able

to

do，故本題選D。addv.1）~sth(tosth)添加，增加(toputsthtogetherwithethelsesoastoincreasethesize,number,amount,ect.)ShallIaddyournametothelist?我把你的名字加到名單上，好嗎？Nextaddtheflour.~AtoB/~AandBtogether加(toputnumbersoramountstogetatotal.)Add9tothetotal.在總數上加9。Ifyouadd5and5together,youget10.5加5得10。~sth(tosth)補充說，又說(tosaysthmore;tomakeafurtherremark;)Ihavenothingtoaddtomyearlierstatement.我對先前說的話沒什么要補充的。“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.她補充說，“別遲到了！”Headdedthathewouldreturnaweeklater.他補充說他過一周就回來了。2）addtosth使(數量)增多，使（規模）擴大(increasesthinsize,amount,ect.)Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.壞天氣增加了我們的困難。3）addsthup加起來AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.把我欠你的錢加起來。4）adduptosth加起來等于，等于說Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.這些數加起來正好是100。Hislonganswerjustaddsuptoarefusal.他說那么多實際等于是拒絕。5）addsthin包括，把…加進去Remembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.記住把飲料的錢加進去removev.1）~sth/sb（fromsth）將某物或某人從某處移開，搬開，拿開，移動（totakesth/sbawayfromaplace.）Heremovedthemudfromhisshoes.Removethevasefromthetable.Heremovedhishandfromhershoulder.他把放在她肩上的手移開了。2）脫掉脫去（衣服等），摘下；=(takeoffclothing,ect.Frombody.)Herefusedtoremovehisshoes.Youshouldremoveyourhatinthechurch.在教堂里你應該脫帽。Heremovedhisglassesandrubbedhiseyes.他摘下眼鏡，揉了揉眼睛。3)搬家，遷移=moveTheyremoved/movedintothenewhouse.4）免職，解除（職位等）(dismisssbfromthepositionorjob.)Thiselectionremovedthegovernmentfrompower.這次選舉使政府倒臺了Thatofficerwasremovedfromhisposition.那位軍官被免職了。5）~sth消除（不愉快，污漬等），使消失去掉，（togetridofsthunpleasant,dirty,ect.Tomakesthdisappear.）Hisnamewasremovedfromthelist.toremoveproblems/difficulties/objections解決問題，克服困難，消除反對意見異議Thenewsremovedanydoubtsaboutthecompany’sfuture.這個消息消除了人們對公司的未來的疑慮。Itwasimpossibletoremovethestainsfromthetablecloth.這些污漬不可能從桌布上除掉。removaln.移動,調動,遷移,排除;免職removalofanofficial一位官員的免職Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.這家工廠宣布遷往另一座城市。lessthan少于IusedtoearnlessthanapoundaweekwhenIfirststartedwork.Thewholehousewentupinsmokeinlessthananhour.less...than較小的/地,較少的/地;不如MyhusbandworriesaboutthingslessthanIdo.Gettingoutofbedinsummerislessdifficultthaninwinter.nolessthan不少于；多達Thehamburgersshouldcontainnolessthan50%meat.Hedranknolessthantenbottlesofbeer.短語符號意義lessthan＜少于notlessthan=at(the)least≥不少于，至少nolessthan＝和……一樣，不少于（強調多）morethan＞多于；不僅僅notmorethan=at(the)most≤不多于，不超過，至多不比…更nomorethan＝僅僅（強調少）1）otherthanexceptfor除了……Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.不not；不同，不同于differentordifferentlyfrom；Ineversawhimtobehaveotherthanselfish.我從沒見過他不自私2）noneotherthan正是，不是別的，竟然（強調出人意料的事或人）HisfirstcustomerisnoneotherthanTom.他的第一位客人竟然是Tom3）nootherthana.只有b.正是，就是(=thesameaswoodenadj.(1)木制的，木頭的(madeofwood.)awoodenbox(2)木頭似的；死板的；呆板的；木納的（notshowingenoughnaturalexpression,emotion,movement.）.Theactplayingthefatherwastoowooden.Woodn.c.u.木，木頭，木材wood=woods林地，樹林(anareaoftrees,smallerthanaforest.)alargewood一大片林地awalkinthewoods在林地里散步-en后綴(1)由……制成（構成的）；像……一樣的（用在名詞后構成形容詞）golden,woolen,earthen(2)使；使成為；變得（用于形容詞之后構成動詞）blacken,sadden,broaden,widendoubt1)v不能肯定，無把握，認為…未必可能tofeeluncertainaboutsth;tofeelsthisnottrue,willhappen,etc.懷疑，不信任tonottrustsb/sth,tonotbelievesb;[v+sth]Thereseemsnoreasontodoubtherwords.好象沒有理由懷疑她的話。[v+(that)]Ineverdoubted(that)hewouldcome.我確信他會來。[v+wh-]Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我不敢肯定他來不來。[v+sb]Ihadnoreasontodoubthim.我沒有理由懷疑他。Idoubtwhether/if…懷疑,不敢肯定Idoubtwhether/ifit’strue.Idoubtwhetherthenewonewillbebetter.我不敢肯定這個新的是否會更好。Idon’tdoubtthat…確信，肯定…Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.Thereseemsnoreasontodoubthiswords.似乎沒理由懷疑他的話。Ihavenoreasontodoubther.我沒有理由不相信他。2）n.doubt+(aboutsth)/(that…)/(astosth)/(wh-)Thereissomedoubtaboutherhonesty.人們對她的誠實有些懷疑。havesomedoubtastohisintention.我有些懷疑他的意圖。Thereisnodoubtthatheisakindperson.毫無疑問，他是個善良的人。Shehadherdoubtswhetherhewastellingthetruth.她懷疑他沒說真話。Thereisnodoubtthat…/Thereisnodoubtaboutsth.毫無疑問…,確實Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomeback.Yourlifeisindanger.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Thereissomedoubtaboutthebestwaytodoit.這件事怎么做才是最佳辦法還有點認不準。havenodoubtthat…/havenodoubtaboutsth.毫無疑問，確實Ihavenodoubtthatyoudeserveit.havedoubtwhether（不可用if）…懷疑是否…shehadsomedoubtswhetherhewouldcome.詞組：1）without/beyonddoubt毫無疑問地,確實（usedwhengiveyouropinionsandemphasizingthepointthatyouaremaking）2）nodoubt無疑，很可能，確實（usedwhenyousaysthisprobableoristrue）Nodoubtshe’llcalluswhenshegetsthere.她到那必定會給我們打電話。He’smadesomegreatmovies.There’snodoubtaboutit.Nodoubthemeanstohelp,butinfacthejustgetsintheway.無疑他想幫忙，而實際上他是3）Beyond(any)doubt無疑，確實（inawaytoshowthatsthiscompletelycertain）Theresearchshowsbeyonddoubtthatwomensurvivemen.這項調查確實表明女性的壽命比男性長。Itisbeyonddoubtthatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth.毫無疑問，吸煙有害健康。4）beindoubt(tobeuncertain)拿不準，不肯定Hissuccessisnotindoubt.他的成功是確定無疑的5）if(youareany)indoubt如果沒把握，拿不準Ifindoubt,wearblack.如果你拿不準，就穿黑色的吧。6）Haveone’sdoubts(aboutsth)（有理由）不信，對…持懷疑態度It’smayberight.Personally,Ihavemydoubts.這也許行，但我個人持懷疑態度。(1).Doyoudoubt________shewillsucceed?(2).Idoubt______________hewillkeephisword.(3).Ihavenodoubt_______hewillwinthegame.Keys:(1).that(2).whether/if(3).thatwonder1)想知道，琢磨,想弄明白(tothinkaboutsthandtrytodecidewhatistrue,whatwillhappen,whatyoushoulddo,ect.)Wonder+wh-/aboutsthIwonderwhosheis.我不知道她是誰。WearewonderingaboutnextAprilforourwedding.我們正打算下個四月結婚。2）（禮貌時體溫或請別人做事時說）不知您能否…（usedasapolitewayofaskingaquestionoraskingsbtodosth.）Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.不知你能幫我一下嗎？3）非常驚訝，感到詫異(tobesurprisedbysth.)wonder（at/that…）Shewonderatherownstupidity.她沒想到她竟會這么蠢。Ishouldn’twonderyou’retired.You’vehadabusyday.你累了，我一點都不奇怪。你已經忙了一天了。Wondern.nowonder(that)…難怪…It’sawonderthatheseemstoknownothingaboutit.Nowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.1）c.奇跡，奇觀，奇妙之處，奇事；能人，奇才；（sthoraqualityinsththatfillsyouwithsurpriseandadmiration.）TajMahalisoneoftheeightwondersoftheworld.u.驚異，驚嘆(afeelingofsurpriseandadmirationthatyouhavewhenyouseeorexperiencesthbeautiful,unusual,ofexpected.)Hegazeddowninwonderatthecityspreadbelowher.她服飾現在在她眼前的城市，驚嘆不已。2）(it’s)no/little/smallwonder(that)并不奇怪，不足為奇，難怪(it’snotsurprising.)it’sawonder(that)…奇怪的是…(it’ssurprisingorstrange.)inwonder驚奇地Helookedatherinwonder.Nowonderyou’vetired,you’rehadabusyday.難怪你這么累，你已經忙了一天了。It’slittlewonderthatshewassoupset.她心煩意亂，這不足為奇。3）wonderswillnevercease.(spoken)真是無奇不有，怪事何其多，太陽從西邊從來了。Wonderful令人驚奇的，驚嘆的；It’swonderfulthathecoulddoitsowell.精彩的，令人高興的；awonderfulview/opportunity美好的精色，絕佳的機會remain保持；停留；剩下(1)依然,保持：[v+adj/n/v-ed/v-ing/that]toremainsilent/standing/seated/motionless保持沉默/站著/坐著/不動Trainfaresarelikelytoremainunchanged.火車費可能保持不變。Inspiteoftheirquarrel,theyremainthebestoffriends.盡管吵架了，但他們依然是最好的朋友。I’msorryyou’retired,butthefactremainsthatthejobhastobedone.很遺憾你累了，不過事還得做。(2)剩下：[vi+(todo)]Verylittleofthehouseremainedafterthefire.大火之后房子所剩無幾。Therewereonlytenminutesremaining.只剩下10分鐘。Muchremainstobedone.很多事有待于做。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否對以后才能知曉。(3)停留：[vi+adv./prep]TheyremainedinMexicountilJune.他們在墨西哥呆到了六月。Sheleft,butIremainedbehind.她離開了，但我留了下來。考例1.(2009四川)Pleaseremain______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.toseat B.tobeseated C.seating D.seated解析：答案是D。seatsb意為“讓某人坐下”，所以某人坐著即為“(Sb)beseated”。而remain同be一樣也是系動詞，所以后面也接seated。也可以把seated看作一個表狀態的形容詞“坐著的”。remain表示“依然，繼續”，為系動詞，后加名詞，形容詞或分詞做表語。考例2.Withthe______fivedollars,sheboughtapairofshoesforherdaughter.A.more B.remaining C.left D.rest解析：答案是B。remain表“剩下”為不及物動詞，表主動不用被動，所以它的形容詞形式為-ing.C選項的left做后置定語。D項的rest為名詞，可帶of短語，不修飾名詞。morethan的用法①“morethan＋名詞”表示“多于……”、“不僅僅是”如：Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.現代科學不僅僅是大量的信息。Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.他不僅僅是講師，他還是個作家。②“morethan＋數詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：IhaveknownDavidformorethan20years.③“Morethan＋形容詞”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：Indoingscientificexperiments,o