GrammarMembersoftheSentence主語：Subject謂語：Predicate表語：Predicative賓語：Object賓補：ObjectComplement定語：Attributive同位語：Appositive狀語：Adverbial簡單回顧：復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句為句子的主體，從句只用作句子的一個成分，不能單獨成句。但它也有主語和謂語，一般由連接詞引導。復合句：EnglishComplexSentencesAdverbialClauses(狀語從句）AttributiveClauses（形容詞性/定語從句）NounClauses（名詞性從句）復合句分類：NounClausesSubject（主語）Object（賓語）Predicative（表語）Appositive（同位語）Clause（從句）名詞性從句分類：定義:在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句。作用:在復合句中作主語、表語、賓語和同位語。所以，名詞性從句又可分為賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句SubjectClauses

主語從句主語從句就是句子的主語是由句子來充當?shù)摹?.主語從句：從句在句中充當主語成分Examples:1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.（是否）

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbe

discussedatthemeeting.

重難考點連接詞“三姐妹”語序問題很注意thatwhat要分清如何后置it幫忙ConjunctionsofSubjectClauses:連詞連接代詞連接副詞what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)that,whetherwhen,where,how,why,because（狀語）連接詞“三姐妹”1．

引導主語從句的連接詞有三類：

(1)

連詞that、whether

：Whether

he’ll

come

here

isn’t

clear.

Thathewillsucceediscertain.WhetherIcanpassthedrivingtestremainsunknown.連詞that和whether在主語從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，that無詞意，而whether意為“是否”。What

she

did

is

not

yet

known.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.注：連接代詞和連接副詞

在主語從句中作成分，有詞義，起連接作用。(2)

連接代詞who(誰，主格),

whom(誰，賓格),

whose(誰的，定語),

what(什么，主賓語),

which(哪個),

whoever,

whatever,

whichever等

3)

連接副詞

where(在哪里),

when(什么時候),

how(怎樣，怎么，多么),

why(為什么)等。

How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.2.主語從句后置!

為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.

例:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.

It+be+形容詞(obvious,

true,

natural,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)+that從句。如：It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

ItisnecessarythatallofusshouldstudyEnglishwell.

B.

It+be+名詞詞組(no

wonder,

an

honour,

a

good

thing,

a

pity,

no

surprise,

etc.)+that從句。如：

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

用it作形式主語的結構C.

It+be+過去分詞+that從句(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

arranged,

etc.)+that從句。如：

It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

Itisorderedthatthepatientshouldbeoperatedonimmediately.D.

It+seem,

appear,happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句:顯然；明顯；碰巧…。如：

It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

E.

It+doesn’t

matter

(makes

no

difference,

etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.

C.

It+be+過去分詞+that從句D.It+seem,

happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句:似乎…,碰巧…。E.

It+doesn’t

matter

(makes

no

difference,

etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句此三類結構中主語從句不可提前：用主語從句完成句子1._____________________(她贏了這場比賽)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否來)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改寫)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改寫)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornot

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.

Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.

PredicativeClauses

表語從句特別注明如何判斷表語：表語表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)和身份，直接跟在be動詞或是連系動詞（如seem,look等）之后的成分就是表語。2.

表語從句的結構表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句。放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1.be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2.feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3.stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4.become,get,grow,turn,go,come,ve,turnout

連接詞：that/whether/as/asif/

as

though(if不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which

/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/

because注：主語從句的連接詞都可用于表語從句

3.連接詞ExamplesThequestionis

whetherwecanrelyon

him.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyat

thattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic

閣樓.4.表語從句的特殊句型That‘sbecause…和That’swhy…

均是表語從句，區(qū)別在于“That‘sbecause…”指原因或理由，“That’swhy”則指由于各種原因所造成的結果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.That’sbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.That’swhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.

填空:Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．reason做主語時，表語從句只能用that引導,不能用why或者because引導。意思為“原因是…”。句型結構為：

Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

Thereasonisthat……Eg.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.that5.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令、請求、要求含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，request,plan，idea等。如：

Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.Theirproposalisthattheyshouldbuildanewfactoryintheirhometown.Thedemandisthatthecomposition(should)bewrittenononesideonly.Myadviceisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改錯練習名詞性從句改錯1.Ifheisfitforthejobisunknowntoall.2.Thisisclearthatitismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.3.Thathetoldusatthegatewasqu