新人教英語(yǔ)必修三unit5導(dǎo)學(xué)案（四）課前鞏固課文縮寫(xiě)LiDaiyuandhercousinwereona1.________toCanada.Theydecidedtoflyandthentaketrain2.________thangobyairalltheway.Afterarrivingtheairport，theytookthecross-CanadatraintoVancouver，acity3.________bymountainsandthePacificOcean.Thatafternoon4.________thetrain，they5.________downintheirseats.Whentheycrossedthemountains，theymanagedtocatch6.________ofmountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.Theysawthetreestherewereverytall,7.________over90metres.TheirnextstopwasCalgary，whichis8.________fortheCalgaryStampede.Cowboysfromallovertheworldcometo9.________intheStampede.Manyofthemhavea10.________forridingwildhorsesandcanwinthousandsofdollarsinprizes.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空1．LiDaiyuandhercousinLiuQianwere________atriptoCanadatovisittheircousinsinMontreal________theAtlanticcoast.2．________thewaytothestation，hechatted________theirtrip.3．Thecoastnorth________Vancouverhassomeoftheoldestandmostbeautifulforests________theworld.4．Thatafternoonaboardthetrain，thecousinssettled________intheirseats.5．TheirnextstopwasCalgary，whichisfamous________theCalgaryStampede.6．Manyofthemhaveagift________ridingwildhorsesandcanwinthousandsofdollars________prizes.7．________twodays’travel，thegirlsbegantorealizethatCanadais________empty.8．________school，theyhadlearnedthatmostCanadianslive________afewhundredkilometresoftheUSAborder，andthatCanada’spopulationisonly________overthirtymillion.9．Thegirlsweresurprised________thefactthatoceanshipscansail________theGreatLakes.10．Thatnightastheyslept，thetrainrushed________thetopofLakeSuperior，________thegreatforestsandsouthward________Toronto.Keys：.1.trip2.rather3.surrounded4.aboard5.settled6．pete10．gift1.on；on2.On；about3.of；in4.down5.for6．for；in7.After；quite8.At；within；slightly9.at；up10.across；through；towards單元核心語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)——同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句具體定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句，常常跟在fact,idea,opinion,news,hope,belief等名詞后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容，可以由名詞、代詞、短語(yǔ)及句子來(lái)充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)從句。二、用法

1、從先行詞來(lái)看

同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞之間該名詞是需要做特殊說(shuō)明的名詞如idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞

Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

當(dāng)聽(tīng)到他們的球隊(duì)贏了的消息時(shí)，他們欣喜若狂。2、同位語(yǔ)從句的功能與性質(zhì)

同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋。

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。

(補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息?)3、從引導(dǎo)詞that來(lái)看

引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞,只起連接作用,無(wú)具體詞義,that不可省略

ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他將要去上海的消息是真的.

(that只起連接從句的作用,所以此句是同位語(yǔ)從句)4、引導(dǎo)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)成分時(shí)的省略

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略或被其他詞代替；介詞+which

同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不能省略,更不能被代替，試比較：

（1）Thenewsthatsheheardisfalse.她聽(tīng)到的消息是假的.

（2）Thenewsthatshewillgoabroadisfalse.她將出國(guó)這消息是假的.

例（1）是定語(yǔ)從句,that可省略；例（2）是同位語(yǔ)從句，that不能省略。同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別:1.從詞類(lèi)上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興。(定語(yǔ)從句)2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ))3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮。(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略，that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替，如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了。(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組。(定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略)Practice判斷同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句1.Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.()2.Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.()3.Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?()4.Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?()5.Theproblemthatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.()同位語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)（一）由that引導(dǎo)eg.Ihavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallthisdifficulties.

我毫不懷疑他能跨越所有的困難。

（二）由whether引導(dǎo)eg.Thequestionwhethertheywillhelpusisstillconfusedme.

我依然疑惑他們是否會(huì)幫我們。

（三）由其他詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句eg.IhavenotmadeupmymindwhatelectivesubjectsIamtotakenextterm.

我還沒(méi)有決定好下學(xué)期上哪些選修課。

Whenyouareabouthalfwaythroughthestory,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.

當(dāng)你把故事讀到一半時(shí)，猜測(cè)一下情節(jié)將如何發(fā)展。

（四）同位語(yǔ)從句與被修飾名詞的分割:有時(shí)，為了保持句式的平衡，將同謂語(yǔ)從句與被修飾的名詞分割，其間出現(xiàn)其他成分。eg.Concernswereraisedthatthelawmighthavenopowertopunishthesemudererswhohavemoneyorstatus.

人們?nèi)找鎿?dān)心法律或許無(wú)法制裁那些有錢(qián)有權(quán)的人。語(yǔ)法小練Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.2．—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah，butIhavenoideawhyhedidit；that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.3．Thenewsthatwewonthematchistrue.4．WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?5．LiPingrepeatedherrequestthatwe(should)share(share)thecost.6．Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkisnotclear.7．There'snodoubtthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.8．Weall