化學實驗室常用物品英文名稱1、常用儀器試管testtube試管架testrack試管夾testtubeholder玻璃棒glassrod滴管medicinedropper小滴管dropper燒杯beaker不銹車網杯stainless-steelbeaker酒精燈alcoholburner酒精噴燈blastalcoholburner本生燈Bunsenburner量杯measuringcup量筒measuringcylindermeasuring/graduatedflask漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatoryfunnel布氏漏斗Busherfunnel赫氏漏斗Hirschfunnel長頸漏斗long-stemfunnel無頸漏斗stemlessfunnel濾紙ifilterpaper華特門濾紙Whatman(filter)paper廣口瓶wide-mouthbottle燒瓶flask平底燒瓶florenceflask碘量瓶iodineflask錐形瓶Erlenmeyerflaskconicalflask容量瓶volumetricflaskmeasuringflask移液管(one-mark)pipette移液管架pipetterack洗耳球rubbersuctionbulb亥1］度移液管graduatedpipettes吸液管pipette滴定管burette滴定管夾buretteclamp滴定架buretteholder滴定臺supportholder酸氏滴定管Geiserburette(stopcock)堿氏滴定管Mohrburetteforusewithpinchcock石蕊試紙ilitmuspaper石蕊litmuspH值指示劑PHindicatorpH計pHmeter廣?乏ph試紙universalphindicatorpaper三口燒瓶3-neckroundbottomflask蒸儲裝置distillingapparatus蒸儲燒瓶distillingflask滴液漏斗droppingadapter力口裝溫度計的瓶塞reducingadapter減壓蒸儲頭vacuum-distillingadapter克氏蒸儲頭Claisendistillingadapter球型冷凝管Allihncondenser直型冷凝管Westcondenser空氣冷凝管aircondenserLiebigcondenser立它型冷凝管Grahamscondenser蒸儲頭three-wayadapter分儲柱fractionatingcolumn接液管105degreebentadapteradapter曲頸甑retort土甘竭crucible(pot)meltingpot培竭鉗crucibleclampcrucibletong天平balance,scale分析天平analyticalbalance電子天平electronicbalance臺秤platformbalance游碼crossbeamsandslidingweights稱量瓶weighingbottle稱量名氏weighingpaper研缽mortar研杵pestle瑪瑙研缽agatemortar2、其他常用器皿及儀器洗瓶plasticwashbottle試齊ij瓶reagentbottles塞子stopper橡膠塞rubberstopper玻璃塞Pennyheadstopper玻璃活塞stopcpck藥匙labspoon銀子forceps升降臺labjack鐵架臺ironsupport圓形漏斗架cast-ironring萬能夾extensionclamp蝴蝶夾double-buretclamp螺旋夾screwclamp石棉網asbestos-freewiregauze三角架tripod攪拌裝置stirringdevice攪拌棒stirringrod表面皿watchglass蒸發皿evaporatingdish瓷蒸發皿porcelain旋轉蒸發器rotaryevaporatortrap冷凝器condenser玻璃活塞stopcock止水夾flatjawpinchcock彈簧節流夾pinchclamp橡膠管rubbertubing恒溫循環儀Thermostaticcirculator真空泵vacuumpump真空閥vacuumtraps多頭抽真空裝置vacuummanifold抽濾瓶filterflasksuctionflask離心機centrifuge離心管centrifugetube電爐heater馬弗爐furnace烘箱oven微波爐電熱套heatingmantle電動攪拌器powerbasicstirrer磁力攪拌器magneticstirrer轉子rotor水浴bath沸石boilingstone剪刀scissor烤缽cupel石蠟封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specificgravitybottle提勒熔點管Thielemeltingpointtube水銀溫度計(mercury-filled)thermometer溫度計thermometer倒置顯微鏡Invertedmicroscope擦鏡名氏wiperforlens玻璃片glassplate蓋玻片coverglass載玻片slide閃點儀flashpointtester折光儀refractometer紫外燈ultraviolet川umination狹才ftslot秒表stopwatch空氣過濾器airfilter(laminarflowcabinet)藥柜cupboard衣?掛鉤coathanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消直劑disinfector空調機airconditioner搖床shaker螺絲釘screw螺絲刀screwdriver螺栓，插銷bolt鎖緊螺母nut,capnut齒槽，插口socket扳手shiftingspanner錘子hammer車丁子nail插頭plug電極electrode

電泳槽geltank微細胞；小電泳槽minicell復印機duplicatorcopyingmachine復印名氏copypaper復寫名氏carbonpaper3、有關化學反應的詞匯關節joint計時器timer鬧鐘alarmclock訂書機staplerU形釘staple可逆的reversible不可逆的可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible分儲fractionation吸熱反應endothermicreaction放熱反應exothermicreaction熱力學thermodynamics動力學kinetics沉淀precipitate,precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment,sedimentation蒸儲distill,distillation煨燒calcine氧化oxidize,oxygenate堿化alkalinization中和neutralize,neutralization滴定titration氫化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脫水dehydrate發酵fermentation溶解solution燃燒combustion熔解fusion,melting堿性alkalinity同分異物現象isomerism水解hydrolysis電解electrolysis電解質溶液electrolyte電極electrode陽極,正極anode陰極，負極cathode催化catalyse,catalyze催化劑catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization,oxidation還原齊ijreducer分解dissolution,decomposition合成synthesis儀器設備apparatus產物product.有機化合物的官能團和重要的基團官能團functionalgroup雙鍵doublebond三鍵triplebond煌基hydroxygroup琉基mercapto硫輕基sulfhydrylgroup談基carbonylgroup氨基aminogroup亞氨基iminogroup不肖基nitrogroup亞不肖基nitrosogroup鼠基cyanogroup竣基carboxylgroup磺基sulphogroup烷基alkylgroup苯基phenylgroup卡基benzylgroup芳基arylgroup烯基allylgroup烷氧基alkoxylgroup酰基acylgroup活性亞甲基activemethylenegroup.有機化合物的類型hydrocarbon石蠟paraffin月旨肪aliphatichydrocarbon燒烽alkane烯爛alkene烘燒alkyne共扼二烯燒conjugateddiene月旨環alicyclichydrocarbon螺環化合物spirocompound橋環化合物bridgedringcompound芳煌aromatichydrocarbon非苯芳nonbenzenoidaromatichydrocarbon稠環芳condensedaromatics鹵代燒halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol84ether環氧化合物epoxide冠84crownether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫84sulfide二硫化物disulfide亞磺酸sulfinicacid磺酸sulfonicacid亞碉sulfoxide碉sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半縮醛hemiacetal半縮酮hemiketal縮醛acetal縮酮ketal西佛堿shift'sbase歷oxime除hydrozone縮氨月尿semicarbazonea,--不飽和酮a,B--unsaturatedketone釀quinone竣酸carboxylicacid酰鹵acidhalide酸酊acidanhydride酯ester酰胺amide內酯lactone內酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substitutedacid羥基酸hydroxyacid醇酸alcoholicacid酚酸phenolicacid酮酸ketoacidB-酮酸酯B-ketoneester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethylacetoacetate亞不肖基化合物nitrosocompound硝基化合物njtrocompound亞胺imine胺amine伯胺primaryamine仲胺secondaryamine叔胺tertiaryamine季錢鹽quaternaryammoniumsalt季錢堿quaternaryammoniumhydroxide重氮鹽diazoniumsalt偶氮化合物azocompound月瓜guanidine氨基酸aminoacid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亞磷酸酯phosphite瞬酸酯phosphonate瞬酸phosphonicacid.雜環化合物口比咯pyrrol味喃furane嚷吩thiophone叫I咪indole口卜吩porphine咪唾imidazole嚷唾thioazole口比噬pyridine唾咻quinoline異唾咻isoquinoline口比喃金翁鹽pyryliumsalts黃酮flavone喀呢pirimidine喋吟purine.有機天然產物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleicacid核昔nucleoside核甘酸nucleotide生物堿alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate單糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖riboseD-2-脫氧核糖deoxyribose葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose糖月殺osazone糖昔glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide麥芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纖維二糖cellobiose環糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纖維素cellulose類脂lipid菇類化合物terpenoid留族化合物steroid脂肪fat油oil脂肪酸fattyacid甘油三竣酸酯triglyceride磷月旨phospholipid磷月旨酸phosphalidicacid蠟wax.有機化合物的結構理論價鍵理論valence-bondtheory分子軌道理論molecularorbitaltheory共振論resonancetheory凱庫勒式Kekuleformula路易斯式Lewisformulao?鍵o-bond冗鍵冗bond

鍵能bondenergy鍵角bondangle鍵長bondlength成鍵軌道bondingorbital反鍵軌道antibondingorbital最高已占軌道HOMOhighestoccupiedmolecularorbital最低末占軌道LUMOlowestunoccupiedmolecularorbital誘導效應inductiveeffect共腕效應conjugatedeffect冗,冗-共腕冗,冗-conjugationp,冗-共腕p,九-conjugation超共腕作用hyperconjugation離域能delocalizationenergy共振能resonanceenergy給電子基團electrondonatinggroup吸電子基團electronwithdrawinggroup芳性aromaticity休克爾規律Huckel'srule兩性離子Zwitterion.有機化學中的同分異構異構體isomer構造constitution構型configuration構象conformation構造異構constitutionalisomerism立體異構stereoisomerism構型異構configurationalisomerism順反異構cis-transisomerism次序規sequencerule同側ZugammenZ異側EntgegenE順式cis反式trans對映異構enantiomerism=光學異構旋光異構opticalisomerism旋光性opticalactivity旋光度opticalrotation比旋光度specificrotation對稱面planeofsymmetry對稱中心centerofsymmetry對稱軸axisofsymmetry手性chirality手性分子chiralmolecules對映異構體，對映體enantiomer非對映體diastereomer外消旋體raceme左旋體leveisomer右旋體dextroisomer內消旋體mesomer費歇爾投影式Fischerprojection相對構型relativeconfiguration絕對構型absoluteconfigurationR-構型R-configurationS-構型S-configuration赤式erythro蘇式threo外消旋化racemization拆分resolution光學純度OpticalPurity對映體過量百分數enantiomericexcess立體專一性反應stereospecificreaction立體選擇性反應stereoselectivereaction不對稱合成asymmetricsynthesis構象異構conformationalisomerism構象分析conformationalanalysis

鋸架式紐曼投影式鋸架式紐曼投影式椅式船式直立鍵椅式船式直立鍵a平伏鍵e互變異構酮式烯醇式差向異構化變旋現象哈武斯式boatform鍵axialbond鍵equatorialbondtautomerismketo-formenol-formepimerization

mutamerismHaworthform.有機反應的名稱取代反應substitutionreaction力口成反應additionreaction馬爾科夫尼可夫規律Markovnikovrule共腕力口成conjugateaddition消去反應eleminationreaction查依采夫規律Saytzeffrule霍夫曼規律Hofmannrule硼氫化反應hydroboration催化力口氫catalytichydrogenation聚合反應polymerization單體monomer聚合物polymer硝化反應nitration鹵化反應halogenation磺化反應sulfonation烷基化反應alkylation酰基化反應acylation酯化反應esterification酯交換反應transesterification脫竣反應decarboxylation氯甲基化反應chloromethylation傅列德爾-克拉夫茨反應Friedel-Craftsreaction格利J雅反應Grignardreaction格利雅試劑（格氏試劑）Grignardreagent賴默-梯曼反應Reimer-Tiemannreaction鹵仿反應haloformreaction水解反應hydrolysisreaction醇解反應alcoholysisreaction氨解反應ammonolysisireaction皂化saponification插烯作用vinylogy縮合condensation克萊森縮合Claisencondensation安息香縮合benzoincondensation羥醛縮合aldolcondensation列弗爾馬茨基反應Reformatskyreaction邁克爾反應Michaelreaction諾文格爾反應Knoevenagelreaction加布里反應Gabrielreaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法acetoaceticestersynthesis丙二酸酯合成法malonicestersynthesis威廉遜合成法W川iamSonsynthesis海森堡試驗Hinsbergtest重氮化反應diazotizationreaction偶聯反應couplingreaction脫氨基反應deaminationreaction維悌希反應Wittigreaction氧化反應oxidationreaction還原反應reductionreaction

周環反應pericyclicreaction環力口成反應cycloadditionreaction電環化反應electrocyclicreaction坎尼扎羅反應Cannizzaroreaction齊齊巴賓反應Chichibabinreaction狄爾斯-阿彳惠爾反應Diels-alderreaction斐林試齊【JFehlingreagent沃克還原羅森蒙德還原克萊門森還原托倫試齊ijTollensreagent沃克還原羅森蒙德還原克萊門森還原Wolff-KishnerreductionRosenmundreductionClemmensonreduction考普重排Coperearrangement霍夫曼重排Hofmannrearrangement醺哪醇重排pinacolrearrangement弗里茨重排Friesrearrangement克萊森重刑FClaisenrearrangementdiene親二烯體dienophile分子軌道對稱守恒原理conversationoforbitalsymmetry.有機反應機理均裂homolytic異裂heterolytic活性中間體activeintermediate碳正離子carbocation碳負離子carbanion烯醇負離子enolateanion自由基，游離基freeradical卡賓，碳烯carbene氮烯nitrene速度決定步驟rate-determiningstep哈蒙特假定Hammondpostulate能線圖energyprofile過渡狀態transitionstate令口基參與neighboringgroupparticipation

動力學控制kineticcontrol熱力學控制thermodynamiccontrol離去基團leavinggroup底物substrate親電試劑electrofphile親核試齊【Jnucleophile親電力口成反應electrophilicaddition親電取代反應electrophilicsubstitution定位規律orientationrule親核取代反應nucleophilicsubstitutionSN2反應機理SN2reactionmechanismSN1反應機理SN1reactionmechanism親核加成反應親核加成-消去反應消去反應機理E1反應機理E2親核加成反應親核加成-消去反應消去反應機理E1反應機理E2反應機理nucleophilicadditionnucleophilicaddition-eliminationreactioneliminationreactionmechanismE1reactionmechanismE2reactionmechanism反式消去antielimination重排反應機理rearrangementreactionmechanism自由基反應freeradicalreaction鏈弓I發chaininitation鏈增長chainpropagation鏈終止chaintermination.有機化合物的光譜紅外光譜IRInfraredspectra傅立葉變換FourierTransform指紋區fingerprintregion吸收頻率absorptionfrequency紫外光譜UVUltravioletspectra電子躍遷elctronictransition吸光度absorbance

摩爾消光系數molarextinctioncoefficient發色團chromophore助色團auxochrome核磁共振NMRNuclearMagneticResonance1HNMR譜1HNMRspectra13CNMRI13CNMRspectra屏蔽效應shieldingeffect化學位移chemicalshift自旋偶合spin-spincoupling自旋裂分spin-spinsplitting偶合常數couplingconstant質子去偶protonspindecoupling質子偏共振去偶protonoff-resonancedecoupling質譜MassSpectra(MS)電子流轟擊electionimpact(EI)快原子轟擊fastatombombarment(FAB)分子離子峰molecularionpeak同位素峰isotopicpeak基峰basepeak質荷比(m/z)mass-to-chargeratio.分子間作用力色散力范德華力氫鍵hydrogenbond色散力范德華力dispersionforceVanDerWaalsforce偶極-偶極作用力dipole-dipoleinterractionforce.物理性質熔點meltingpoint沸點boilingpoint密度溶解度偶極矩density

solubilitydipolemoment.有機化合物的酸堿性酸性acidity堿性basicity<HTML>本站材料僅為本院教師與學生教學所用，請勿它用!</HTML>化學用語中英文對照organicchemistry有機化學inorganicchemistry無機化學derivative衍生物series系歹Uacid酸hydrochloricacid鹽酸sulphuricacid硫酸nitricacid不肖酸aquafortis王水fattyacid脂肪酸organicacid有機酸hydrosulphuricacid氫硫酸hydrogensulfide氫化硫alkali堿，強堿ammonia氨base堿hydrate水合物hydroxide氫氧化物，羥化物hydracid氫酸hydrocarbon碳氫化合物，羥anhydride酊alkaloid生物堿aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸鹽acetate醋酸鹽methane甲烷，沼氣butane丁烷salt鹽potassiumcarbonate碳酸車甲soda蘇打sodiumcarbonate碳酸鈉causticpotash苛，性車甲causticsoda苛性鈉ester酯gel凝膠體analysis分解fractionation分儲endothermicreaction吸熱反應exothermicreaction放熱反應precipitation沉淀toprecipitate沉淀todistil,todistill蒸儲distillation蒸儲tocalcine燃燒tooxidize氧化alkalinization堿化tooxygenate,tooxidize脫氧,氧化toneutralize中和tohydrogenate氫化tohydrate水合,水化todehydrate脫水fermentation發酵solution溶解combustion燃燒fusion,melting熔解alkalinity堿性isomerism,isomery同分異物現象hydrolysis水解electrolysis電解electrode電極anode陽極,正極cathode陰極,負極catalyst催化劑catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer還原齊Udissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的refining煉油refinery煉油廠cracking裂化separation分離fractionatingtower分儲塔fractionaldistillation分儲distillationcolumn分裂蒸儲塔polymerizing,polymerization聚合reforming重整purification凈化hydrocarbon燒，碳氫化合物crudeoil,crude原油petrol汽油（美作:gasoline）LPG,liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油氣LNG,liquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣octanenumber辛烷數，辛烷值vaseline凡士林paraffin石蠟kerosene,karaffinoil煤油gasoil柴油lubricatingoil潤滑油asphalt瀝青benzene苯fuel燃料naturalgas天然olefin烯燒high-gradepetrol,high-octanepetrol高級汽油，高辛烷值汽油plastic塑料chemicalfiber化學纖維syntheticrubber合成橡膠solvent溶劑product化學反應產物flask燒瓶apparatus設備PHindicatorPH值指示劑，氫離子（濃度的）負指數指示劑matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmuspaper石蕊試紙graduate,graduatedflask量筒，量杯reagent試齊Utesttube試管burette滴定管retort曲頸甑still蒸儲釜cupel烤缽cruciblepot,meltingpot地喝pipette吸液管filter濾管stirringrod攪拌棒element元素body物體compound化合物atom原子gramatom克原子atomicweight原子量atomicnumber原子數atomicmass原子質量molecule分子electrolyte電用星質ion離子anion陰離子cation陽離子electron電子isotope同位素isomer同分異物現象polymer聚合物symbol復合radical基structuralformula分子式valence,valency價monovalent單價bivalent二價halogen成鹽元素bond原子的聚合mixture混；合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金metal金屬metalloid非金屬有機化學常用基團中英文對照CommoncontrolgroupofOrganicChemistryinChineseandEnglish甲基（縮寫Me）methyl乙基（縮寫Et）ethyl丙基（縮寫Pr）propyl丁基（縮寫Bu）butyl戊基amyl,pentyl己基hexyl庚基heptyl戊基一一octyl壬基nonyl癸基decyl十一烷基一-hendecyl十二烷基一-dodecyl十六（烷）基/鯨蠟基cetyl十七（烷）基heptadecyl十八（烷）基octodecyl苯基（縮寫Ph）phenyl苯甲基/葦基phenmethyl苯乙基phenylethyl十價苯基phenenyl乙氧苯基phenelyl,ethoxyphenyl鯨基naphthyl菲咤基phenanthridinyl乙烯基（縮寫Vi）vinyl,ethenyl乙快基ethinyl己烯基hexenyl乙烯基一-heptenyl菲咻基quinolyl吩曝嗪基phenothiazinyl菲基quinonyl,benzoquinonyl甲酸基formyl乙酰基、醋酸基acetyl丙烯酰acryloyl,acrylyl氨基/胺基一-amidocyanogen，菲基carbonyl丙基carboxyl羥基/氫氧基hydroxyl甲烷基一--esteralkyl烷基alkyl環己基cyclohexyl-I基nitroBunsenburner本生燈product化學反應產物flask燒瓶apparatus設備PHindicatorPH值指示劑，氫離子（濃度的）負指數指示劑matrass卵形瓶litmus石litmuspaper石蕊試紙igraduate,graduatedflask量筒，量杯reagent試齊1Jtesttube試管burette滴定管retort曲頸甑still蒸儲釜cupel烤缽cruciblepot,meltingpot卅竭pipette吸液管filter濾管stirringrod攪拌棒element元素body物體compound化合物atom原子gramatom克原子atomicweight原子量atomicnumber原子數atomicmass原子質量molecule分子electrolyte電解質ion離子anion陰離子cation陽離子electron電子isotope同位素isomer同分異物現象polymer聚合物symbol復合radical基structuralformula分子式valence,valency價monovalent單價bivalent二價halogen成鹽元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金metal金屬metalloid非金屬Actinium(Ac)專阿Aluminium(Al)鋁Americium(Am)HAntimony(Sb)睇Argon(Ar)氮Arsenic(As)神Astatine(At)破Barium(Ba)鋼Berkelium(Bk)銘Beryllium(Be)鉞Bismuth(Bi)鈿Boron(B)硼Bromine(Br)澳Cadmium(Cd)鎘Caesium(Cs)鈉Calcium(Ca)鈣Californium(Cf)專網Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)鈾Chlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)銘Cobalt(Co)鉆Copper(Cu)銅Curium(Cm)銅Dysprosium(Dy)鋪Einsteinium(Es)銀Erbium(Er)餌Europium(Eu)鋪Fermium(Fm)鑲Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)鉆Gadolinium(Gd)包Gallium(Ga)錢Germanium(Ge)錯Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)飴Helium(He)氨Holmium(Ho)欽Hydrogen(H)氫Indium(In)錮Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)鉞Iron(Fe)鐵Krypton(Kr)氟Lanthanum(La)中第Lawrencium(Lr)鎊Lead(Pb)鉛Lithium(Li)鋰Lutetium(Lu)幅Magnesium(Mg)鎂Manganese(Mn)鎰Mendelevium(Md)制］Mercury(Hg)汞Molybdenum(Mo)電目Neodymium(Nd)鉉Neon(Ne)MNeptunium(Np)鍵Nickel(Ni)饃Niobium(Nb)鋁Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)偌Osmium(Os)鉞Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)車巴Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)鉗Plutonium(Pu)缽Polonium(Po)針Potassium(K)鉀Praseodymium(Pr)錯Promethium(Pm)銀Protactinium(Pa)鎂Radium(Ra)鐳Radon(Rn)氫Rhenium(Re)銖Rhodium(Rh)銬Rubidium(Rb)鋤Ruthenium(Ru)釘Samarium(Sm)杉Scandium(Sc)銃Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)銀Sodium(Na)鈉Strontium(Sr)鋸Sulphur(S)銃Tantalum(Ta)鋁Technetium(Tc)得Tellurium(Te)確Terbium(Tb)鉞Thallium(Tl)鴕Thorium(Th)itTin(Sn)錫Thul