2016年初中英語被動語態深度講解、練習及答案2016年初中英語被動語態深度講解、練習及答案2016年初中英語被動語態深度講解、練習及答案xxx公司2016年初中英語被動語態深度講解、練習及答案文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度初中英語被動語態深度講解語態的基本概念和種類

語態是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。所以英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主語是動作的發出者為主動語態；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。如：Theybuiltthebridge.

Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.被動語態的構成

被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。1一般現在時：am／is／are＋taughtSheoftenwaterstheflowers.Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher’Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld

2一般過去時：was／were＋taughtWas/weredoneWevisitedaformyesterday.Aformwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.Hewassavedatlast.Mybikewasstolen,Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

這本書出版于1981年3一般將來時：will／shallbe＋taughtAm/is/aregoingtobedoneShewillplantsometreesthisweek.sometreeswillbeplantedthisweek.

ourclassisgoingtoholdapartythismorning.ApartyisgoingtobeheldthiseveningbyourclassAnewroadwillbebuiltnextyear4現在進行時：am／is／arebeing＋taught

過去進行時：was/werebeingdoneHeisreadinganovel.AnovelisbeingreadTheproblemwasbeingdiscussednowThemachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.5現在完成時：have／hasbeen＋taught

歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面Wehavefinishedthework.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinishedbyus.6情態動詞的被動語態是常考的一個知識點：情態動詞+be+過去分詞HecanspeakEnglishEnglishcanbespokenbyhimWeshouldplantmoretreesonthemountainMoretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountainYoumustfinishedyourhomeworkintime

yourhomeworkmustbefinishedfinishedintime（三）主動語態變被動語態的方法與注意事項

歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。

(1)通常的辦法是：將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，將主動結構中的謂語動詞變為“be/get+過去分詞”形式，將主動結構中的主語變為介詞by的賓語(若動作的執行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。如：

LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。

WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.\→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.這些機器是長沙造的。

(2)將含有復合賓語的句子變為被動語態時，應將賓語變為被動結構的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：

Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天門被漆成綠色了。

注意：表示“使、讓”的動詞make,have等，以及感官動詞see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，感官動詞或使役動詞的主動語態后跟不帶to不定式作賓語補足語，但變為被動語態時，須轉為帶to不定式。如：Isawabagdropfromthebus.→Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.→Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother’sarms.Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.

看見他進入了教師辦公室。Weoftenhearhersinginthenextroom.Sheisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursadayTheyweremsdetoworkfor16hoursadaysbytheboss

(3)帶雙賓語的句子變為被動語態時，既可將直接賓語變為被動語態的主語，而在間接賓語前加to或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓語變為被動結構的主語，而直接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如：

Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear.Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.這支筆是去年給我的。Heboughtmeabook=abookwasboughtformebyhim

直接賓語和間接賓語都可作被動語態的主語。如： Mr.Smithgaveusalecture. →WeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith. 或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith. 當句中含有return,write,find,buy等動詞時，常把直接賓語轉為被動語態的主語，同時要注意介詞的搭配。如： Ireturnedhimthebook. →Thebookwasreturnedtohim.（注意用to） Hewrotemeashortnote. →Ashortnotewaswrittentome.(注意用to) Hefoundmeanumbrella. →Anumbrellawasfoundforme.(注意用for) Iboughthersomeflowers. →Someflowerswereboughtforher.（注意用for）【說明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等；間接賓語前帶for的動詞有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)動詞believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被動語態，常有兩種結構形式。如：

Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。

Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。

(5)短語動詞變被動語態時，短語動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略，短語動詞應當看作一個整體。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她從未動過手術。

Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。

Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的計劃大家都嘲笑。Wecan’tlookdownuponanybody.→Anybodycan’tbelookeddownupon.Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.→Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman. →Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

（6）動詞不定式的被動語態：即把todo變成tobedone（五）不用被動語態的情況

1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態：

appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

如，Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.

比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。

(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen.

(對)Thepricehasrisen.

(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

(錯)Thepricehasraised.

(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.

(錯)Pleaseseat.

(對)Pleasebeseated.

要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2）動詞形式上是被動的，但實際上是“系動詞+表語”結構，一般學習方法是靠平時積累。如：Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。 Theboywaslostinthestreet. 男孩在街上迷路了。 Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt. 這個女孩穿著紅裙子。 Hewasdrunkinthebar.他在酒吧喝醉了。 Mydreamisgonewiththewind. 我的夢隨風而去了。3）當break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,close等動詞有狀語修飾時，用主動形式表示被動意義。Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。 Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thisnewbooksellswell.新書很暢銷。 Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。 Theletterreadsasfollows.信的內容如下。 Theglasscleanseasily.這些杯子易洗。 Thenewcarrunswell.這輛新車跑得很正常。 Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行車很好騎。 Theshoeswearlong.這種鞋子很耐穿。 Thepenwritessmoothly.這筆寫起來很流暢。Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm

4)不能用于被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto

如，Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.

Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.

5)系動詞無被動語態：

appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn

Itsoundsgood.Thefoodlooksnicebuttastesbad.Yourpikansoundsgood.

6)帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態：die,death,dream,live,life

Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.

7)當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態。

(對)Shelikestoswim.

(錯)Toswimislikedbyher.

二、復習時需要注意的要點（1）由主動語態改為被動語態的步驟：①主動語態中的賓語變為被動語態句中的主語；②主動語態句中的動詞改為相應的被動語態；③主動語態句中的主語變為被動語態句中by的賓語。（2）主動語態句中的謂語動詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時，轉換方法有兩種：①把間接賓語轉化為主語，保留直接賓語②把直接賓語轉化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時，一般需在間接賓語前加適當的介詞。（3）在短語seesb.dosth.中，動詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補。改為被動語態時要加上to。用于這一結構的謂語動詞一般是表示知覺的動詞如see,hear等，以及使役動詞make,let等。[小試]用括號中動詞的適當形式填空。1.TheMid-AutumnFestival_______(celebrate)inChina.2.I_______(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.3.Booksofthiskind_______(sell)verywell.4.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,theroom_______(paint).5.Theboy_______(bringup)inthecountryside.6.Agoodjob_______melastyear.(offer)初中英語被動語態專項練習()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftBillbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.HowmuchdotheycostD.Can'ttheymended()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitD.isfitted()49Thebike___500yuan.A