四級聽力

上海新東方蘆倩倩新浪微博：@蘆倩倩

Passages

選項特征1）選項簡潔概括、不完整句子居多，最多有一至二題細節體。2）選項往往比較抽象，一般以it/they等抽象名詞做主語。3）選項往往表達因果、目的、手段的小詞如：because/by/to。4）選項具備科學性、客觀性的特點，但選項之間缺乏邏輯關系。

文章特點1）文章緊緊圍繞一個事物或事件進行描述，深入淺出，要求知其所以然2）文章緊扣一個中心事物，著重描寫一個熟悉事物的與眾不同處3）語言平實、簡潔、明白，有時會用以下修辭方法：分類法、舉例子、做比較、列數字4）層次結構清楚，多為總分結構5）開篇引題，重點不分明。但以設問開頭的說明文除外。二、說明文解題方法1）聽即原則、主題原則、層次原則、原因原則、轉折原則、求異原則：注意事物的與眾不同處、替換原則：數字，年代等一般需要重新定位2）正確答案出現在：a.每個層次的啟承處判斷個層次的啟承主要有兩種方法一種是聽序數項標志詞如：ontheotherhand/another/second等等;第二種是聽“氣”即語速，語音，語調有所變化的地方。b.段落開頭、結尾處，前三后二教育類說明文重點注意教育(學校)的基本特點及開辦原因，管理方法及資金來源，生源、師資、課程設置、校舍、圖書館或課外活動介紹，經常提到數字統計，學校最獨特的一兩個方面及相關原因科技科普類說明文重點注意三個“age”即advantage優勢、disadvantage劣勢、usage用途實驗類說明文重點在于實驗目的、實驗手段、實驗結果演講類說明文重點在于演講主題、說話人的觀點、文章走向2013.12第二套23.[A]Sheisbothapopularandhighlyrespectedauthor.[B]SheisthemostloveAfricannovelistofalltimes.[C]Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe1930's.[D]Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves.24.[A]TheBookCriticsCircleAward.[B]TheNobelPrizeforliterature.[C]ThePulitzerPrizeforfiction.[D]TheNationalBookAward.25.[A]SheisarelativeofMorrison's.[B]SheisaslavefromAfrica.[C]Sheisaskilledstoryteller.[D]Sheisablackwoman.Intoday’sclass,we'lldiscussToniMorrison'snovelBeloved.AsI’msureyouallknow,[23]Morrisonisbothapopularandhighlyrespectedauthorandit’snoteasytobeboth.Bornin1931,MorrisonhaswrittensomeofthemosttouchingandintelligentworksontheAfrican-Americanexperienceeverwrittenbyanyone.AndyettocallheranAfrican-Americanwriterdoesn’tseemtodoherjustice.Inmanyways,she’ssimplyanAmericanwriterandcertainlyoneofthebest.Belovedisatrulyremarkablework.Itwasmendedfornearlyeverynatureliteraryclass,includingtheNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAward,anditinfactwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1988.[24]MorrisonherselfisdistinguishedforhavingwontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1993.WhatmakesBeloveduniqueistheskillfulsurewayinwhichMorrisonblendsintenselypersonalstorytellingandAmericanhistory,racialthemesandgenderthemes,theexperienceofblackswiththeexperienceofallpeopleeverywhere,thedown-to-earthrealityofslaverywiththesenseofmysteriousspirituality.WewillbepayingspecialattentiontothesethemesaswediscussthisworkandI’mparticularlyinterestedinyourviewsontherelativeimportanceofgraceandgenderinthisbook.[25]IsitmoreimportantthatSethe,themaincharacterisblack,orthatsheisawoman?Whichcontributesmoretoherbeing?WhatdoesMorrisontellusaboutboth?Q23.WhatdowelearnaboutToniMorrison?Q24.WhathonordidToniMorrisonreceivein1993?Q25.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutSethe,themaincharacter,inMorrison'snovelBeloved?2014.12第一套19.[A]Itisespeciallyattractivetochildrenandtheyoung.[B]ItisthefirstchoiceofvacationersontheContinent.[C]Itisascomfortableaslivinginapermanenthouse.[D]Itisaninexpensiveway.ofspendingaholiday.20.[A]Ithasasolidplasticframe.[B]Itconsistsofaninnerandanoutertent.[C]Itisveryconvenienttosetup.[D]ItissoldtomanyContinentalcountries.21.[A]Agroundsheet.[B]Agasstove.[C]Akitchenextension.[D]Asparetent.TodayI'mgoingtotalkabouttents.[19]Campingisstilloneofthecheapestwaysofhavingaholiday.Andeachyear,overthreemillionpeopletakecampingvacations,eitherhereinBritainorabroad,mostlyontheContinent.Obviously,campingcan'tbeascomfortableaslivinginapermanenthouse,butmoderntentscanbeverycomfortableindeed,withwindows,bedrooms,kitchensandsitting-rooms.[20]ThemostpopulartentsoldinBritainistheframetentwithtwobedroomsandsleepingmodationforfourpeople.Thereisusuallyanoutertentofwater-prooffabricandalighterinnertentortentswithabuilt-ingroundsheet.TheoutertentfitsovertheframeworkThisismadeofmetalpoleswhicharefittedtogether.Theinnertentisattachedtothisframe.Generally,theinnertentisabouthalftheareaoftheoutertent.Theotherhalfoftheoutertentisthelivingarea.Thisdoesn'tusuallyhaveagroundsheet,butyoucanbuyonetofit,thoughitcostsextra.Theordinaryfour-bedframetentdoesn'tusuallyhaveaseparatekitchenarea,butthelargeronesoftendo.[21]Youcanbuyakitchenextensionformanytents,andit'sworthbuyingoneifyouplantostaycampinginoneplaceformorethanafewdays.Q19．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcamping?Q20．WhatdoesthepassagetellUSaboutthemostpopulartentsoldinBritain?Q21．Whatdoesthespeakersuggestbuyingifyouplantostaycampinginoneplaceformorethanafewdays?選項特征1）選項多位概括性的句子2）選項有表明觀點的作用3）選項有內在邏輯關系

文章特點1）在三大要素中（論點、論證、論據）論點和論據是文章的重點。論點一般在文章開頭，篇尾也會點題2）文章通俗易懂，道理淺顯，說理的過程敘事化3）主題明確，圍繞一個論點展開4）層次結構清楚，一般為總分總結構。小論點明顯，態度鮮明三、議論文解題方法1）考論點，中心論點和分論點都是必考的2）考問答，文章中出現設問及其回答都是很重要的3）考觀點：如think……，suppose……4）標志詞（最高級標志詞，唯一級標志詞，原因項標志詞，轉折項標志詞）2015.6第二套22．[A]Dependingheavilyonloans.[B]Havingnobudgetplansatall.[C]Spendingbeyondone'smeans.[D]Leavingnoroomforlargebills.23．[A]Manyofthemcanbecut.[B]Allofthemhavetobecovered.[C]Theirpaymentcannotbedelayed.[D]Theyeatupmostofthefamilye.24．[A]Rentahouseinsteadofbuyingone.[B]Discusstheprobleminthefamily.[C]Makeaconservationplan.[D]Movetoacheaperplace.25．[A]Financialissuesplaguingafamily．[B]Difficultyinmakingbothendsmeet．[C]Familybudgetproblemsandsolutions.[D]Newwaystoboostfamilye.[25]Ifyourpaycheckseemstobedisappearingintothinair,youmaybestuckinmoneytraps．Butdon'tdespair．Mostpeoplecangetunstuckwithoutgoingbankrupt.[22]Thebiggestbudgetmistakeisnobudgetatall．Asonereaderputit．wejustputallthebillsinapile，andtrytodecidewhichtoPay．Assheandothershavelearned，however，themoneyusuallyrunsoutbeforethebillsdo．Thesameproblemplaguesmanywhodohavebudget．Inletterafterletterweread,“Itlooksgoodonpaper,butitneverseemstowork.”Whynot?Oftenbecausethebudgetsareunrealistic．Thesolution：Makeadetailedrecordofwhereallyourmoneygoesnow：thenstudyitcarefully．Lookforexpensesthatcanbecutback．[23]Anddon'tgiveupinthefaceofhighfixedexpenses．Manyofthesecanbereducedtoo．Infact，it’softeneasiertosaveonessentialsthanonenjoyableextras．[24]Ifhousingtakesmorethan25percentofyoure,forexample,considermovingtoacheaperplaceorrentingoutanextraroom．Ifutilitybillsarehigh，getthewholefamilyinvolvedinaconservationplan．Somebillscanbeeliminatedaltogether．WhenonemotherrealizedthatcableTVwascostingher$500ayear,shedecidedthatnetworkTVwasn’tsobad．Ifyouquestioneveryexpense，youcanfindafewthatcanbereduced．Q22.Whatdoesthespeakersayisthebiggestbudgetmistake?Q23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheSO-calledfixedexpenses?Q24.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledotosavehousingexpenses?Q25.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetalk?2015.12第二套23.[A]Itispracticedinmostofthestates.[B]Itwillbeabolishedsoonerorlater.[C]Ithasdrawnalotofcriticismfromoverseas.[D]IthastobeapprovedbytheSupremeCourt.24.[A]Whetherthepracticeshouldbeallowedtocontinueinfuture.[B]Whetherthereshouldbeaminimumagelimitforexecution.[C]Whattypeofcriminalsshouldreceiveit.[D]Whateffectitmighthaveonyoungsters.25.[A]Thecourtsentencedhimtolifeinprisonforkillingtwofriends.[B]Thegovernorchangedhisdeathsentencetolifeinprison.[C]HewasthefirstminortobeexecutedinSouthCarolina.[D]Hewassentencedtodeathforacrimehecommittedasaminor.[23]IntheUnited—States,36statescurrentlyallowcapitalpunishmentforseriouscrimessuchasmurderAmericanshavealwaysarguedaboutthedeathpenalty．[24]Today,thereisaseriousquestionaboutthisissue：Shouldtherebeamagelimitforexecutingcriminals?Inotherwords,isitrightforconvictedmurdererswhokillwhentheyareminorsthatI,undertheageof18toreceivethedeathpenalty?Inmostothercountriesoftheworld，thereisnocapitalpunishmentforminors．IntheUnitedStatesthough，eachstatemakesitsowndecision．Ofthe36statesthatallowthedeathpenalty，30permittheexecutionofminors．InthestateofSouthCarolina，aconvictedmurdererwasgiventhedeathpenaltyforaCyllnehecommittedwhilehewasaminor.[25]Inl977,whenhewas17yearsold,JamesTerryRoachandtwofriendscruellymurderedthreepeople．Roach’slawyerfoughtmedecisiontoexecutehim．TheyoungmurdererremainedonDeathRowfortenyearswhilehislawyerappealedtothegovernor．Thelawyerarguedthatitiswrongtoexecuteapersonforacrimehecommittedwhilehewasaminor．IntheUnitedStates，thegovernorofastatehasthepowertochangeasentencefromthedeathpenaltytolifeinprison．[25]Nonetheless,thegovernorofSouthCarolinarefusedtostoptheexecution．Roachwasfinallyexecutedin1986．Q23．WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedeathpenaltyintheUnitedStates?Q24．Whatisthefocusofthedebatearoundthedeathpenalty?Q25．WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesTerryRoach?2015.12第三套23.[A]Itisoftencausedbyachangeofcircumstances.[B]Itactuallydoesn'trequireanyspecialtreatment.[C]Itusuallyappearsallofasudden.[D]Itgenerallylastsforseveralyears.24.[A]Theycannotmixwellwithothers.[B]Theyirrationallyannoytheirfriends.[C]Theydependheavilyonfamilymembers.[D]Theyblameothersforignoringtheirneeds.25.[A]Theylackconsistentsupportfrompeers.[B]Theydoubttheirownpopularity.[C]Theywerebornpsychologicallyweak.[D]Theyfocustoomuchonthemselves.Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Psychologistsarestudyingthiscomplexphenomenonandhaveidentifiedthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.[23]Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation,forexample,adivorceormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Unlikethesecondtype,thethirdkindoflonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.[24]Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemsocializingandingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manyofthemthinkthereislittleornothingtheycandoaboutit.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson'ssocialcontacts,forexample,friends,familymembers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupportandourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthatthenumberofsocialcontactswehaveisnottheonlyreasonforloneliness.Itismoreimportanthowmanysocialcontactswethinkorexpectweshouldhave.[25]Inotherwords,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.Q23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutsituationalloneliness?Q24.Whatproblemwillpeoplehaveiftheyexperiencehabitualloneliness?Q25.Whydosomepeoplesufferlonelinessaccordingtopsychologists?2015.12第三套23.[A]Itisoftencausedbyachangeofcircumstances.[B]Itactuallydoesn'trequireanyspecialtreatment.[C]Itusuallyappearsallofasudden.[D]Itgenerallylastsforseveralyears.24.[A]Theycannotmixwellwithothers.[B]Theyirrationallyannoytheirfriends.[C]Theydependheavilyonfamilymembers.[D]Theyblameothersforignoringtheirneeds.25.[A]Theylackconsistentsupportfrompeers.[B]Theydoubttheirownpopularity.[C]Theywerebornpsychologicallyweak.[D]Theyfocustoomuchonthemselves.Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Psychologistsarestudyingthiscomplexphenomenonandhaveidentifiedthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.[23]Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation,forexample,adivorceormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Unlikethesecondtype,thethirdkindoflonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.[24]Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemsocializingandingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manyofthemthinkthereislittleornothingtheycandoaboutit.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson'ssocialcontacts,forexample,friends,familymembers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupportandourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthatthenumberofsocialcontactswehaveisnottheonlyreasonforloneliness.Itismoreimportanthowmanysocialcontactswethinkorexpectweshouldhave.[25]Inotherwords,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.Q23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutsituationalloneliness?Q24.Whatproblemwillpeoplehaveiftheyexperiencehabitualloneliness?Q25.Whydosomepeoplesufferlonelinessaccordingtopsychologists?2016.12第一套16.[A]Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.[B]Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.[C]Theydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.[D]Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17.[A]Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.[B]Lookatschoolbulletinboards.[C]Visittheschoolcareersservice.[D]Gothroughcampusnewspapers.18.[A]Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.[B]Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.[C]Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.[D]Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Incollege,timeisscarce,andconsequently,veryprecious.Atthesametime,expensesincollegepileupsurprisinglyquickly.Aparttimejobisagoodwaytobalancecostswhileensuringthereisenoughtimeleftoverforbothacademicsubjectsandafter-classactivities.Ifyouareacollegestudentlookingforaparttimejob,thebestplacetostartyourjobsearchisrightoncampus.[16]Therearetonsofon-campusjobopportunities,andasastudent,you’llautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.Plus,on-campusjobseliminatecommutingtime,andcouldbeagreatwaytoconnectwithacademicandprofessionalresourcesatyouruniversity.[17]Checkwithyourschool’scareerserviceoremploymentofficeforhelptofindacampusjob.Ofcourse,thereareopportunitiesforpart-timeworkoff-campus,too.Ifyouspendalittletimediggingfortherightparttimejobs,you’llsaveyourselftimewhenyoufindajobthatleavesyouwithenoughtimetogetyourschoolworkdone,too.Ifyouareacollegestudentlookingforworkbutworryyouwon’thaveenoughtimetodevotetoacademicsubjects,considerworkingasastudyhalloralibrarymonitor.[18]Responsibilitiesgenerallyincludesupervisingstudyspacestoensurethataquietatmosphereismaintained.It’saprettyeasyjob,butonewithlotsofdowntime-whichmeansyouwillhaveplentyoftimetocatchuponreading,dohomeworkorstudyforanexam.Q16:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcollegestudentsapplyingforon-campusjobs?Q17:Whatcanstudentsdotofindacampusjobaccordingtothespeaker?Q18:Whatdoesthespeakersayisalibrarymonitor’sresponsibility?19.[A]Ittastesbetter.[B]Itiseasiertogrow.[C]Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.[D]Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.20.[A]Itishealthierthangreentea.[B]Itcangrowindriersoil.[C]Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.[D]Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.21.[A]Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.[B]Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.[C]Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.[D]Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.AgriculturalworkersingreenteafieldsnearMt.Kenyaaregatheringthetealeaves.Itisbeautifultosee.Therowsofteabushesarestraight.Allappearstobewell.Butthefarmerswhoplantedthebushesareworried.NelsonKibaraisoneofthem.HehasbeengrowingteaintheKerugoyaareafor40years.[19]Hesaysthepricesthisyearhavebeensolowthathehasmadealmostnoprofit.Hesayshemustgrowdifferentkindsofteaifheistosurvive.Mr.KibaraandhundredsofotherfarmershavebeenremovingsomeoftheirteabushesandplantinganewkindofteadevelopedbytheTeaResearchFoundationofKenya.Itsleavesarepurpleandbrown.Whentheteaisboiled,thedrinkhasapurplecolor.[19][20]Medicalresearchershavestudiedthehealthbenefitsofthenewtea.Theysayitishealthierthangreenteaandcouldbesoldforapricethatisthreetofourtimeshigherthanthepriceofgreentea.ButMr.Kibarasayshehasnotreceivedahigherpriceforhispurpleteacrop.[21]Hesaysthemarketfortheteaisunstableandheisoftenforcedtosellhispurpleteaforthesamepriceasgreentealeaves.Hesaystherearenotenoughbuyerswillingtopaymoreforthepurpletea.Q19.WhyhaveteafarmersinKenyadecidedtogrowpurpletea?Q20.Whatdoresearcherssayaboutpurpletea?Q21.WhatdoesMr.Kibarafindaboutpurpletea?22.[A]Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.[B]Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.[C]Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.[D]Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.23.[A]Theywereproudoftheircreations.[B]Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.[C]Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.[D]Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24.[A]Makewisechoices.[B]Identifyfakecrafts.[C]Designhandicraftsthemselves.[D]Learntheimportanceofcreation.25.[A]Toboostthelocaleconomy.[B]Toattractforeigninvestments.[C]Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.[D]Topreservethetraditionalculture.Today'sconsumerswantbeautifulhandcraftedobjectstowearandtohavefortheirhomeenvironment.[22]Theyprefersomethinguniqueandtheydemandquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasmoreandmoreuniquehandcrafteditemseavailable.Handcraftsarebigbusiness.[23]Nolongdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnight.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespectedmemberofsociety.Partsofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandhelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.[24]Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthemeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolveconsumersintryingthecraftthemselves.Whenagroupofcraftsmenexpendstoincludemoremembers,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Suchanorganizationdoesalotintrainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsales,festivals,TVappearancesanddemonstrations.Stateartcouncilshelpsponsorlocalartsandcraftsfestivalswhichdrawcrowdsoftouristconsumers.[25]Thisbooststhelocaleconomyconsiderablybecausetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandhotelsandotherservicesofthearea.Q22.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttoday'sconsumers?Q23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutagoodcraftsmaninthepast?Q24.Whatdocraftsmenhelpconsumersdo?Q25.Whydostateartcouncilshelpsponsorlocalartsandcraftsfestivals?2016.12第二套16.[A]Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.[B]Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.[C]Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter'seducation.[D]Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17.[A]Topreserveatradition.[B]Toamuseherdaughter.[C]Tohelplocaleducation.[D]Tomakesomeextramoney.18.[A]Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.[B]Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.[C]Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.[D]Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.There‘sonesoundthatgetsabigreactionfromkidsonahotday,thesoundofanice-creamtruck.MariaMcCartneyhasbeeninthemobileice-creambusinesssince2005.[16]“WhenIwasalittlegirl,Isawanice-creamtruckandknewIwantedtohaveonesomeday,“McCartneysaid.

Duringthehotdaysofsummer,Mariaandherdaughterdriveanice-creamtruckthroughneighborhoodsandparksinBillings.It'snotaboutmakingmoneyforthisformerelementaryschoolteacher.[17]Rather,shewantstopreservethetraditionoftheneighborhoodice-creamtruck.“Trulymyfavoritepartistoseethekidsjumpingupanddownandtheyjustgetsoexcited.It'sgreattobuildamemoryforthemtoo.Therearenotalotoftheseice-creamtrucks.Theparentscomeoutbarefootandscreaming,readytobuyice-cream;theyrememberwhentheywerekidsandtheysawatruck,“shesaid.Whilethetreatsmaybeicecold,Mariahasawarmheartforlittlefaces.[18]Hertruckfeaturesadonationbucketforkidswhodon'thavemoneyforice-cream.“Whentherearethreekidsandonlytwoofthemhavemoney,IalwaysmakesurethethirdonegetssomethingbecauseIcan'tdriveawayandhavethatthirdonenothavesomething,“shesaid.Q16.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMariaMcCartney?Q17.WhydoesMariagointothemobileice-creambusiness?Q18.WhydoesMariaputadonationbucketinhertruck?19.[A]Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.[B]Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.[C]Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.[D]Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.20.[A]Educatingandtrainingcitizens.[B]Improvingpublictransportation.[C]Protectingpeople'slifeandproperty.[D]Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.21.[A]Byaskingfordonations.[B]Bysellingpubliclands.[C]Bysellinggovernmentbonds.[D]Byexploitingnaturalresources.Weknowwehavetopayforwhatweget.Ifwebuyfood,wehavetopayforit.Ifadoctortreatsus,weknowtherewillbeabilltopay.Theseareprivatebills.Buttherearealsopublicbillstobepaid.Theyarepaidbythegovernment.Inturnwegettheneededservices.Wepayfortheseservicesthroughtaxes.Whatwouldhappenifeveryonestoppedpayingtaxes?Thewatersupplywouldstop;thestreetsmightnotbecleaned;schoolswouldbeclosed.Wewouldnotwanttoliveinsuchacity.[20]Thechiefdutyofeverygovernmentistoprotectpersonsandproperty.Morethanthree-fourthsofgovernmentexpensesareusedforthispurpose.Thenextlargestamountofpublicmoneygoestoteachandtrainourcitizens.Billionsofdollarseachyeararespentonschoolsandlibraries.Also,alargeamountofpublicfundsisspentonroads.Mostoftheneededfundsisraisedbytaxes.Thelawordersustopaytaxes.Wehavenochoiceinthematter.[21]Yearsagothegovernmentmademoneybysellingpubliclands.Butmostofthebestpubliclandshavenowbeensold.Thereare