“高考英語經典課程”專題二:名詞及主謂一致一、興趣導入joke-tellingTeacher:“Whyareyouoftenlateforschool?”Student:“Becausethesignsaid:SchoolZone,GoSlow!”知識點回顧(句子成分及句子結構）【單句改錯】1..Thereisnodoubtthatdoexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.2..Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardtodoit;suddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askingmetolethercopymyanswers.3.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully;theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.4.Thankyousomuchfornotonlygivingmelife,butalsoteachmehowtobeagoodperson.5.Hopeyougoodhealthandmuchhappinesseveryday!6.Wetookoursfishingpolesandheadedforthelake.7.Idon'tbelievewhatyousaid,butbecauseyoucanproveit,youmaybeabletoconvinceme.8.Wefourweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman'sstory.9.TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaveryfamouswriter.10.Goodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.11.TherewillhaveafootballmatchinourschoolnextFriday.三．知識點講解1、【謹記規則】可數名詞有單復數形式，而不可數名詞通常沒有復數形式。表示一個人或事物用單數，表示一個以上的人或事物用復數。可數名詞復數變化規則1）規則變化1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：bookbagcatbed

2．以s.x.sh.ch結尾，加-es，如：bus,box---,brush,watch

3．以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：familystrawberrystory補充：daytoyboy

4．以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：記憶口訣：妻子()拿到去砍狼()，小偷()見了直發慌，躲在架()后保己()命()，半()片樹葉()遮目光5.以“o”結尾的，加s或es,如：加es:黑人()英雄()喜歡吃西紅柿()，土豆()

加s:動物園（）照片（）中的袋鼠（）可以用竹子（）聽收音機（）和彈鋼琴（）總結：2）不規則變化變元音：

manwomanpolicemanpolicewomanfoot--toothgoose--childphenomenonmediumbacterium datum 單復同形：

記憶口訣：農場里養的鹿（）和綿羊（），水里還有游的魚（）；中（ ）日（ ）兩國人來耍，回去告訴了瑞士人（ ）；形單實復：people policestaff cattle不可數名詞不可數名詞一般沒有復數形式，不能與a/an或表示具體數量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some(一些)，any(任何，一些),

no(沒有),

a

little(少許)等詞。1）常考的不可數名詞advice建議equipment裝備experience經驗(注：作“經歷”講時可數)exercise鍛煉(注：作“練習；體操”講時可數)fun開心、快樂的事furniture家具news/information/word消息，新聞baggage/luggage行李progress進步practice練習wealth財富，富裕knowledge知識jewelry珠寶change零錢(注：作“變化”講時可數)不可數名詞量的表達：“數詞+名詞+

of

+不可數名詞”。需要注意的是，如果數詞大于1時，量詞要變為復數形式，不可數名詞不能加s.

如：可數名詞與不可數名詞用法對比可數名詞不可數名詞1.

有單數和復數形式。1.

只有單數形式。2.

可以直接用

a/an或數詞來修飾。2.

不能用a/an或數詞修飾。3.可以用some,

any,

few,

a

few,

many,

a

lot

of來修飾可數名詞復數。3.

可以用some,

any,

little,

a

little,much,alotof來修飾不可數名詞。4.

提問數量用how

many.

4.

提問數量用how

much.

5.

單個可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數；多個單數名詞或復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數。5.

不可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數；但不可數名詞前有復數名詞短語修飾時，謂語動詞用復數。小試牛刀：

寫出下列各詞的復數

dish_________thief_________baby___________mango_______watch_______child_______photo________diary_______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_______thief_______peach______sandwich_______man______woman_______paper_______juice________water________milk________rice__________tea_______child_______boy_______story________

2）抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞是表示狀態、品質、情感等而沒有實物的名詞。抽象名詞具體化后變成可數名詞，前面可加不定冠詞，用來強調其具體表現形式或表示某一次短暫的動作，常意為“一次……的事情；一個……的人；一種……的東西”。如：單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險危險的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的貢獻一定會使這個事件很成功。小試牛刀：（2016.全國卷）Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop____(attract)．3）物質名詞的復數現象paper(紙)—papers(證件，論文) custom(風俗習慣)—customs(海關)sand(沙子)—sands(沙灘，沙漠) water(水)—waters(水域，水體)time(時間)—times(時代) wood(木頭，木材)—woods(樹林)名詞的所有格1）有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板2）無生命的名詞，借用of表示所屬關系。thewindowoftheroom這個房間的窗戶3）雙重所有格：of+名詞“‘s”結構afriendofhermother's她媽媽的一個朋友 twophotosofhers她的兩張照片例：(2019·鄭州質量預測)NowI'mfeelingregretfulanddisturbed.I'mnotsurewhetheracomputer'srepairshopcangetthedocumentsback.三．考點精講：考點1：語法填空解題“三定向”

一.根據修飾詞確定名詞的單復數形式（1）不定冠詞a,an后用名詞單數形式;

(2)有these,those,several,all,many,both,apairof,avarietyof,different,afew等修飾可數名詞時名詞用復數形；（3）名詞前有oneof，among時用名詞復數形式。

【思路點撥】1.

The

team

who

won

the

three

world(championship)wouldalwaysgetthiscup.2.

Interested

in

their

work,

she

pickedup

a

pair

of(scissor).3.Duringthefestival,whichlaststhreesorfourdays,peoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipatedavarietyofrichandcolorful(activity).4.Althoughtheyareseenascompanionsandpartofthefamilytoday,ChinaandWesterncountrieshavedifferentcultural(belief)aboutdogs.5.Aboveall,commercialinterestsoftenoutweigheducational(complaint)abouttheunbearableadvertisements.二.根據謂語動詞確定名詞的單復數形式

名詞作主語時，如果一般現在時的謂語動詞是動詞原形或are，要慮用名詞的復數形式。

【思路點撥】1.Whilehereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofus,the(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.2.Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.三.根據常識和句意確定名詞的單復數形式

表示兩個（或兩個以上）的可數名詞及并列名詞時，名詞需復數形式【思路點撥】1.Timandhisteamsetouttoseektheeffectsofphoneuseon(passer-by).2.ItthinksthatChinglishmayhurtpeople'sabilitytospeakstandardEnglishandmakeithardforthemtocommunicatewith(foreigner).3.Unabletoexpresshimselfeasilyinconversation,heusesaspecialtypewritertowriteletterstohisfriends,andbeautiful(poem).考點2：三招巧解短文改錯解題一.分清名詞單復數看到several，afew，many，oneof,anumberof，largenumberof，agreatmany等和具體數字（two，three）等時，要想到其后的名詞應用復數形式。【思路點撥】l.Thetwothingthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.Itisnoteasyforourparenttobringusup.Ifailedtorespondtotheirquestion.Theteachersoftenencourageustomakemorefriendintheschool.Duetosomerichtouristattraction,everyyearmanyvisitorscometomyhometown,wheretheycannotonlyappreciatethebeautifulscenery,butalsoenjoythedeliciousfood.二．明了不可數名詞看到information，evidence，advice，baggage，news，homework，work，fun，progress，knowledge,furniture,luggage,strength等，要想到它們是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式【思路點撥】1.Hehasmuchknowledgesandhisteachingmethodisscientific.2.Lookingatthespotwherehethoughtthe"fly"wasagain,hewassoangrythatheslappeditwithallhisstrengths.3.Alotofinformationscanbestoredinit.4.She'sgettingmarriednextmonthanddecidestobuysomedecorationsandfurnitures.三．注意詞性錯誤看到冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、介詞或及物動詞（短語），要想到后跟名詞形式。【思路點撥】1.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeareplyatyourearliestconvenient.2.Firstly,itisofvitalimportanttohaveapositiveattitude.3.Irestartedtopickupmyconfidentagain. 當堂過手訓練一、用所給名詞的適當形式填空：1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?

2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.

3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.

4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.

5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.

6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?

7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.

8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.

9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.

11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).

12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.

13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?

14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.

15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.二、語法填空（1）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew________(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed...（2）Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof________(achieve)．（3）Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly．（4）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C．，influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.（5）Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.（6）Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime，aslate________(pay)mayaffectyourcredit.（7）Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletour_______(different)unite，ratherthandivideus.（8）The12thChinaArtsFestivalwillbringaseriesofart(activity)totheChineseeconomicandartcenter,Shanghai.（9）GroletwontheWorld'sBestPastryChefbothin2017and2018，andhasover1million(follower)onInstagram（10）Aboutanhourlater,thefoodwasready,andwesatatthetableenjoyingthedeliciousfoodincludingfishand(vegetable). 反思總結： 拓展練習閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。SeeingtheGreatWallTheGreatWall1．(snake)morethan6,000kilometers.Firstbuilttokeepoutinvaders,itisnowapopulartourist2．(attract)．Badalingisthemostfamousofthefivesections3．lienearBeijingandcanbeaccessed4．(easy).AbouttwohoursawaybybusliesJinshanling.Thiswell-preservedsectionofthewallhasnotbeenrepairedsince1570!Ifyou’relookingfora5．(peace)walkandamazingviews，thisisthespot6．(visit).AboutsixkilometersfromJiayuguancityinGansuprovince,youcanvisitJiayuguan.ItwasthestartingplaceforthesectionoftheGreatWall7．(build)duringtheMingDynasty.Thispassisthebestpreserved8．theGreatWallmilitaryforts(軍事要塞).TheeasternendoftheGreatWallisShanhaiguaninHebeiprovince.TheeasttoweroftheShanhaiPassiscalledtheFirstPassUnderHeaven.StandnearthetowertoseetheroaringseaononesideandtheGreatWallonthe9．.WhereveryouchoosetovisittheGreatWall,youwillbe10．(amaze).ItislikenootherstructureonEarth.短文改錯Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorningandwasalwayslatewithwork..Hisbosswantedtofirehimifhedidn’tstartcomingontime,buthewenttothedoctorforahelp.Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.Themandidastoldandsleepreallywell,wakeupbeforethealarmhadevengoneoff.Hehadtimeforaproperlybreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.”Boss,”hesaid,”thatmedicinereallyworks!”I’mpleasingtohearit,”saidhisboss,”butwherewereyouyesterday?”專題二:數詞[思維導圖]一、數詞的分類1.基數詞：表示數目多少的數詞100以內單詞的拼寫：1）1至12各不相同：2）13至19加-teen3)整十位數加-ty4)hundred是“百”，thousand是“千”，million是“百萬”，billion是“十億”。5）三位數的基數詞（101999），要在百位數和十位數之間加and.。117：2.序數詞：表示先后順序的詞。口訣：一、二、三特殊記，八去t,九去e，ve要用f替。整十變y為ie，若要變成“第幾十幾”，只需各位變序就可以。第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上序數詞前一般要加theMikewon(the)firstprizeinthespeechcontest.序數詞前一般要加theMikewon(the)firstprizeinthespeechcontest.Hefaredbetterinthesecondtest.比較：Therichmanhasboughttwocars.Buthewantstobuyathirdonethisweek.Hefaredbetterinthesecondtest.比較：Therichmanhasboughttwocars.Buthewantstobuyathirdonethisweek.表示編號表示編號theTwelfthLesson=LessonTwelve第12課表達表達“一兩天/周/月/年”aweekortwo=oneortwoweeks一兩周表達表達“一個半”one/anhourandahalf=oneandahalfhours一個半小時分數表達法分數表達法1/5讀作onefifth；3/5讀作threefifths;1/4可讀作aquarter“數詞+-+名詞”作定語“數詞+-+名詞”作定語aneight-yearboy一個八歲的男孩；afive-minutewalk步行5分鐘的路程比較：afiveminutes’walk步行5分鐘的路程與最高級連用表示“第幾長/寬/高/……”GuangzhouisthethirdlargestcityinChina.廣州是中國的第三大城市。thelast表示“最不可能的”Heisthelastpersontotellalie.他是最不可能撒謊的人。表達“某人第幾次做某事”與最高級連用表示“第幾長/寬/高/……”GuangzhouisthethirdlargestcityinChina.廣州是中國的第三大城市。thelast表示“最不可能的”Heisthelastpersontotellalie.他是最不可能撒謊的人。表達“某人第幾次做某事”Itwasthefirsttimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.這是他第一次單獨和她出去。表達“幾十多歲”inherthirties在她三十多歲時年代表示法inthe1990’s或inthe1990s在20世紀90年代數詞的用法三、幾個特殊的結構1、Firstly,shedidnotintendtomarryatall;secondly,shemeanttogoonwithherstudies.首先，她根本不打算結婚；其次，她打算繼續學習。2、Acomputerconsistsofthousandsofcomponents.電腦由成千上萬個部件組成。3、Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredwhenthetrainwentofftherails.火車出軌時，數百人受傷。4、Thelibrarysubscribestoscoresofperiodicals.圖書館訂購了幾十種期刊。5、Heplannedtobuydozensofreferencebooks.他計劃買幾十本參考書。當堂過手訓練單句填空1.(2018福建福州)However,intheurbandistrictofBeijinghousesalonghutongsstilloccupyone_______(three)ofthetotalarea,providinghousingforhalfofthepopulation.2.(2018山西孝義)Whattheylearnthelpedthemmake_____firstairplaneflightin1903.3.Heisthe_______(five)persontoaskmethesamequestion.4.Ihavereadthetenthchapterbutnotthe_________(twelve).5.Itwasthe________(three)timeoneofhiscarshadgoneupinflames.6.Osakaisthe________(two)largestcityinJapan.7.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstman______(fly)inspace.單句改錯1.Hediedwithinafewdaysofhisninetybirthday.2.Thestationisaten-minuteswalkfrommyhouse.3.Threefifthofthestudentsarewomen.4.Atthefirst,heseemedsurprisedbymyquestions.5.Ijustwanttogivethesekidsthesecondchance.6.Billyisfourteenyearsoldandinninthgrade.四、鞏固練習（家庭作業）短文改錯Ofalltheteachersinmyprimaryschool，theonewhoimpressedmemostwasMrs.Huang.Shewasmyfivegradeteacher.ShewasabletomakinglearningfunandIlikedherclassesverymuch.Besides，shemademeleaderofmanygroupproject，whichgavemeconfidence.ThatwaswithherhelpthatIsoonbecametopstudentinourclass.Lookedbackonit，I'mveryproudforhavingsuchanexcellentteacher.ThereasonwhyIdidsogoodwasthatshemademetofeelconfident.IamreallygratefultoherandIhopedonedayIwillbecomeateacherlikeher.拓展練習I-HOUSE2017—2018DININGSERVICESNOTICEMealsHoursDaysBreakfast7:15am—9:30amMonday—FridayLunch11:30am—1:30pmMonday—FridayDinner6:00pm—8:00pm[Monday—SundayBrunch9:30am—1:00pmSaturdays&SundaysInternationalHouse(I-House)servesmealsthatinternationalstudentscanchoosefrom.Onholidaysonlyonemealisserved.Mealsdonotcarryoverfromtermtoterm.YouhavetheoptionofpurchasingextramealsthroughDiningServices.IncludedintheI-HouseRoom&Boardpackageisaresidentmealplan.Themealsperperiodwillbeasindicated:MealCards—DiningServicesoperateonacomputerizedsystem.YourstudentIDorI-HouseAccessCardwillserveasyourmealcardandgetcodedinthecomputersystem.NOMEALSSHALLBEPROVIDEDWITHOUTPRESENTATIONOFAVALIDMEALCARDORCASH.Ifyourcardisdamaged,youareresponsibleforreplacingyourcardandthencontactDiningServicestohaveitcodedagainbeforeenteringthediningarea.RemovalofFoodorSupplies—RemovingfoodorsuppliesfromtheDiningFacility,withoutpermission,mayresultinadditionalchargestoyourRoom&Boardtopaythecostsoranyrelatedexpenses.SpecialDiets—DiningServicesprovideavarietyofmealoptions,includingreligiousselections.Althoughnotguaranteed,specialdietscanusuallybeaccommodatedwithinourability.Youmayarrangeameetingwithourdiningstafftodiscussanyspecialdietconcernsorfoodallergiesbye-mailing.PhysicalDisabilities—TheInternationalHouseDiningFacilityisaccessibletoalldisabledresidents.However,theresidentsmustbeaccompaniedbytheirpersonalnursesformealassistance.Theywillreceiveamealfreeofchargeatthetimeassistanceisgiven.1.Howmanymealsareusuallyservedeveryweek?A.17. B.18. C.19. D.20.2.Whatcanyoudoifyourmealcarddoesn’tworkproperly?A.Payincash. B.Getfoodfree. C.Haveitrepaired. D.Getitcoded.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theservicestheremeetdifferentneeds.B.Thefoodinservicesisdeliciousandsafe.C.Removingfoodwillresultingreatcharges.D.Thediningstaffareprofessionalandpolite.鞏固練習11--100數詞你會幾個？？？默寫0-10可數名詞復數：用基數詞表示量twobooks不可數名詞：不可以用數字一個一個數出來的名詞。無單復數之分，但可用下面的公式表示其量的復數。數詞+計量單位名詞（可數）+of+不可數名詞ApieceofpaperTwopiecesofpaperThere___________twobooksandapenonthedesk.There___________apenandtwobooksonthedesk.There___________aboxofmilkinthefridge.There___________twoboxesofmilkinthefridge.[牛刀小試]1、把單數變成復數coat_______skirt_______dress_______house_______watch_______car_______brush_______box_______toy_______umbrella_______ticket_______teacher_______son_______student_______job_______life__________shelf_________piano_________sheep_________foot_________child_________Chinese________baby_________photo________tomato___________she_________this_______is_________banana________apple________potato___________2、用所給名詞的適當形式填空。1.Weare________(student).2.Ihavefive________(watch).3.Herfatherisa________(doctor).4.What’syour______(job)?5.Whataretheir________(job)?6.These_________(shelf)arenotverygood.7.Two________(wolf)areintheforest.8.The____________(housewife)areverylazy.9.Ihavetwo________(knife).Doyouneedone?10.Thereisa_______(hero).Therearetwo_______(hero).11.This_______(potato)isverynice.12.Therearetwored_________(tomato)onthetable.13.Wehavefour________(piano)inourschool.(一)單選題：1.The_______ofmosttreeswillfallinautumn.AleafB.leafs