重點專題構詞法歸納1.派生法(1前綴①表示否定意義的前綴:a.純否定前綴:un-:unable,unemployment(失業,unload(卸載,uncover(揭開,unhappy,untrue,unlike(不像,unrest(不安的,動蕩的,unfair,unknown,unhealthy,unusual,uncertain,unclear(不清楚的,unequal,unlucky,unreal,unkind,uncomfortable,uneasy(心情不安的,uninteresting,unimportant,unnecessary,unpleasant,undivided,unreserved(無保留的dis-:dislike(不喜歡,disarm,disconnect,disagree,disappear,disadvantage,dishonest,disability,discover(發現,disobeyin-,im-,il-,ir-:incapable,inability,incomplete,incorrect,inconvenient,inexpensive,impossible,immoral(不道德的,illegal(非法的,illogical(不合乎邏輯的,irregular,irrelativenon-:non-smoker,non-stop,non-violent(非暴力的,nonwhite,non-member,nonparty(無黨派,nonsense(無意義b.表示錯誤的意義:mis-:mistake,mislead(誤導,misunderstanding,misuse,mis-spell,mistrust,mistreatc.表示“反、防、抗”的意義:anti-:antiknock(防震,antiforeign(排外的,anti-war,antitank(反戰車的,anti-pollution②表示空間位置、方向關系的前綴:a-表示“在……之上”,“向……”:aboard,asidede-表示“在下,向下”:decrease(下降,degradeen-表示“在內,進入”:encage(入籠,enbed(上床ex-表示“外部,外”:exit,expand(擴張,exportfore-表示“在前面”:forehead,foreground,foreleg,forefootin-,im-表示“向內,在內,背于”:inland,inside,indoor(s,importinter-表示“在……間,相互”:international,interaction,internet,interviewmid-表示“中,中間”:midpositionout-表示“在外部,在外”:outline,outside,outward(s,outdoor(sover-表示“在上面,在外部,向上”:overlook,overhead,overboard,overcoat,overdress,oversea(s(海外post-表示“向后,在后邊,次”:postscript(附言pre-表示“在前,在前面,提前”:prefix(前綴,preface(前言,preposition(介詞super-表示“在…..之上,超級”:superstructure,supernatural,superpower,supermantrans-表示“移上,轉上,在那一邊”:translate,transform(轉移,transplant(移植,transportation(交通under-表示“在…..下面,下的”:underline,underground,underwater,undershirtup-表示“向上,向上面,在上”:upward(s,uphold,uphill(上坡auto-表示“自己,獨立,自動”:automobile(自動車,autobiography(自傳tele-表示“遠離”:television,telephone,telegram(電報,telegraph(電報,抽象名詞,telescope(望遠鏡③表示時間,序列關系的前綴:fore-表示“在前面,先前,前面”:foreword(前言,forecast(預報,foretell(預言,foresee(預見,foreknow(先知,foreknowledge(先知mid-表示“中,中間”:midnight,midsummer,mid-day,mid-autumnpost-表示“在后,后”:postwar,postgraduate(研究生,postdatepre-表示“在前,事先,預先”:preheat,prewar,prehistory(史前,preview(預習,prebattle,prepayre-表示“再一次,重新”:retell(復述,rewrite,renew(續借,reconsider,reuse,remarry,recycle(回收利用,rebuild④表示比較程度差別關系的前綴:by-表示“副,次要的”:byproduct(副產品,bywork(副業extra-表示“超越,額外”:extraordinaryover-表示“超過,過度,太”:overeat(吃過多,oversleep(睡過頭,overpraise(過獎,overwork,overact(行為過分,overdounder-表示“低劣,低下”:undersize,undergrown,underproduction(生產不足vice-表示“副,次”:vice-president,vice-chairman⑤表示共同,相等意思的前綴:co-表示“共同,一起”:coexist(共同生存,co-operate,co-worker,coactions(合作行動,coauthor(合作作者⑥表示某種狀態,構成形容詞、副詞或動詞:a-afraid,alive,alone,asleep,ashamed,aloud,ahead,aside,alike,awake⑦表示分離,離開意思的前綴:a-表示“分離,離開”:away,apartde-表示“離去,處去”:depart,decolour⑧表示“自我”:self-self-protect(ion,self-made,self-knowledge⑨表示變換詞類作用的前綴:be-befrienden-enslave,enable,enrich,enlarge,encourage⑩表示數量關系的前綴:a.表示“單一”,“一”:uni-uniform(統一服裝,unicellular(單細胞b.表示“二,兩,雙”:bi-bicycletwi-twilightc.表示“半,一半”:semi-semiconductor(半導體,semicircle(半圓,semimonthly(半月刊,semifinal(半決賽d.表示“百,百分之一”:centi-centimetere.表示“千,千分之一”:kilo-kilometer,kilogram,kilowattf.表示“微小”:micro-microvolt(微伏特,microcomputer(微機,microscope(顯微鏡g.表示“許多,復,多數”:multi-multimedia(多媒體,multicolored,multiform,multinaturalh.表示“千分之一、毫”:milli-millimeter,milligrami.表示“微小、微型”:mini-minibus,miniskirt,minipark(2后綴①名詞后綴:a.具有某種職業或動作的人:-an,-ian,-ician表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”:American,Asian,Australian,Russian,Italian,historian,librarian,electrician,magician(魔術師,technician,musician,politician(政客,physician(內科醫生,-ant,-ent表示“……人”:merchant,servant,assistant,agent,student,-ee表示“動作承受者”:employee(雇員,examinee,payee(收款人,interviewee-eer表示“從事于……人”:engineer,volunteer(志愿者-er表示“從事某種職業的人,某地區,地方的人”:banker,observer,Londoner,villagersinger,driver,writer,speaker,traveller,buyer-or表示“……者”:author,doctor,operator,actor,visitor,inventor,educator-ar,-ary表示“……的人,從事……的人”:scholar,liar,beggar,secretary,missionary-ese表示“……國人,……地方的人”:Chinese,Japanese,Cantonese(廣東人-ess表示“陰性人稱名詞”:actress(女演員,hostess(女主人,manageress(女經理-ist表示“從事……研究者,信仰……主義者”:pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist,socialist,typist,receptionist-icist表示“……家,……者,……能手”:physicist,phoneticist(語音學家,technicist-logist表示“……學家,研究者”:biologist,geologist(地質學家b.構成具有抽象名詞的含義:-age表示“狀態,行為,身份及其結果,總稱”:courage,storage,marriage,percentage-al表示“事物的動作,過程”:refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval,trial,burial-ance,-ence表示“性質,狀況,行為,過程,總量,程度”:importance,distance,avoidance,appearance,performance,diligence,difference,obedience,absence,presence(出席,existence-ancy,-ency表示“性質,狀態,行為,過程”:frequency(頻繁,urgency(緊急,efficiency(高效率,-ity表示“性質,狀態,程度”:purity,reality,equality-bility表示“動作,性質,狀態”:ability,possibility,probability,responsibility-dom表示“等級,領域,狀態”:freedom,kingdom,wisdom-ery,-ry表示“行為,狀態,習性,性質”:bravery,slavery-hood表示“資格,身份,年紀,狀態”:childhood,girlhood,boyhood,manhood-ice表示“行為,性質,狀態”:notice,justice,service-ing表示“動作的過程,結果”:building,writing,learning-ion,-ation,-ition,-sion表示“行為的過程,結果,狀況”:suggestion,action,solution,invention,direction,correction,collection,instruction,destruction,introduction,congratulation,dictation,invitation,pronunciation,examination,graduation,operation,education,information,translation,starvation,satisfaction,relation,irrigation,determination,preparation,imagination,explanation,opposition,competition,description,decision,division,conclusion,explosion,impression,expression,admission,permission,discussion-ment表示“行為,狀態,過程,手段及其結果”:disappointment,treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,agreement,government,development,improvement,requirement,astonishment,encouragement-ness表示“性質,狀態,程度”:goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,business,illness,happiness,goodness,willingness,weakness,fairness-ism表示“制度,主義,學說,信仰,行為”:socialism,criticism,heroism,tourism,communism(共產主義,Marxism(馬克思主義-ship表示“情況,性質,技巧,技能及身份,職業”:hardship,relationship,membership,friendship,seamanship,ownership,scholarship,professorship-th,表示“動作,性質,過程,狀態”:strength,length,width,depth,wealth,truth,growth,warmth,youth-ure表示“行為,結果”:exposure(暴露,pressure,failure,procedure(手續,mixture-craft表示“工藝”:aircraft,needlecraft,woodcraftc.帶有場所,地方的含義:-age表示“住所,地點”:village,cottage-ary表示“住所,場地”:library,granary(谷倉-ory表示“工作場所,住處”:factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory②形容詞后綴:a.帶有“屬性,傾向,相關”的含義:-able,-ible:movable,comfortable,eatable,enjoyable,acceptable,reasonable,applicable,visible,responsible,terrible,horrible-al:natural,additional,educational,national-ant,-ent:distant,important,excellent-ing(表示特征:令人覺得:moving,touching,daring,interesting,exciting,disappointing,astonishing,boring,amazing-ed(表示情緒:覺得:pleased,interested,surprised,worried,excited,bored,determined,delighted-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish-ive:active,impressive,decisive,active,instructive,expensive,progressiveb.表示“相象,類似”的含義:-ish:boyish,childish-like:manlike,childlike-some:troublesome,handsome-y:milky,cloudysunny,windy,rainy,foggy,healthy,wealthy,worthy,bloody,funny,dirty,lucky,noisy,salty,smelly,hilly-ly:manly,fatherly,motherly,sisterly,brotherly,daily,weekly,monthly,quarterly,yearly,friendly,lonely,orderly,lovely,lively,likely,scholarlyc.表示“充分的”含義:-ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful,successful,harmful,useful,careful,forgetful,merciful-ous:dangerous,courageous,nervous,mountainous,humorous,variousd.表示由某種物質形成,制成或生產的含義:-en:wooden,golden,woolene.表示方向的含義:-ern:eastern,western,southern,northern,southeastern,northwestern-ward:downward,forwardf.表示“數量關系”的含義:-teen:thirteen-ty:fifty-th:fourth,fiftiethg.表示國籍,語種,宗教的含義:-an:Roman,European-ese:Chinese,Japanese-ish:English,Spanishh.表示否定:-less:countless,stainless(不銹的,wireless,useless,endless,priceless(無價的,貴重的,hopeless③動詞后綴:-ize,ise表示“做成,變成,……化”:modernize(現代化,democratize(民主化,organize,apologize,realize-en表示“使成為,引起,使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden-fy表示“使……化,使成”:beautify,purify(凈化,intensify,signify,simplify(簡化,satisfy④副詞后綴:-ly:possibly,swiftly,simply-ward(s:downward,inwards,upward-ways:always,sideways-wise:otherwise,clockwise注意:有的單詞有雙重后綴,如:use(用途→useless(無用的→uselessness(無用self(自己→selfish(自私的→selfishness(自私有的單詞則是前后綴同時使用,如:important→importance→unimportanceregular(有規律的,有規則的→irregular(無規律的,不規則的→irregularity(無規律,不規則2．合成法（1）合成名詞boyfriend,girlfriend,bus-driver,necklace,playground,radioactive,headmaster,sunshine,notebook,armchair,wheelchair,postcard,football,spaceship,blackboard,firefighter,fireman,gateman,chairman,weatherman,businessman,armyman,postman,sportsman,bedroom,