職稱英語理工B級(jí)閱讀考試題及答案DriventoDistractionJoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’seat,startsupthecarandheadstotown.Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion,andCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim.Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintime,thewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchersatOldDominionUniversity(ODU)examinehowin-vehicleguidancesystemsaffectthepersonbehindthewheel.Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystems,whichgiveaudibleorwrittendirections,aretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations.“We’relookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers,”saidCarylBaldwin,theassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearch,whichinvolvesmeasuringdrivers’reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualcues.Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavyvs.lighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople“getintomorechallengingdrivingsituations,theydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment,”Baldwinsaid.Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthit,shesaid.Thisnextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload.“Isitbestiftheyseeapicture…thatshowstheirposition,amapkindofdisplay?”Baldwinsaid.“Isitbestiftheyhearit?”navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepoint-by-pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute.“They’reveryunforgiving,”Baldwinsaid.“Ifyoumissaturn,theycanalmostseemtogetangry.”Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections,Baldwinsaid.Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywant,ormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyle,shesaid.Interestingly,otherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystyle,while60percentwomenprefertheroutestyle,Baldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendo,Baldwinadded.1.Whichstatementistrueofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.IfCoynehadstoppedthecarintime,hewouldn’thavehitthewoman.B.Thewomanwouldhavebeenknockedover,ifCoynehadfollowedthetrafficregulations.C.Coyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimtohavehitthewoman.D.Ifthewomanhadnotcrossedthestreetsuddenly,Coynewouldnothavehither.2.Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs?A.Whetherornotaudibleorwrittendirectionsaredistracting.B.howlongitwilltakethedrivertorespondtoauditoryandvisualstimuli.C.Howthedriverperformundercertainmetalworkload.D.Alloftheabove.3.Whatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthparagraph?A.Driversareafraidofgettingintochallengingdrivingsituations.B.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversstillhaveextraenergytohandleotherthings.C.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveanyadditionalmentalenergytodealwithsomethingelse.D.Drivers’mentalloadremainsunchangedunderdifferentsituations.4.Thesixthparagraphmainlystatethattheresearchers.A.isdesigningavisualnavigationalinformationsystem.B.isdesigninganaudionavigationalinformationsystem.C.isdesigninganaudio-visualnavigationalinformationsystem.D.wanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivingnavigationalinformationsystem.5.Whatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenprefer?A.Womenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandmenpreferroutedirections.B.Menprefermoregeneraldirectionsandwomenpreferroutedirection.C.Bothmenandwomenprefergeneraldirections.D.Bothmenandwomenpreferroutedirections.答案與解釋:1.C根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容，讀者可以知道，這不是Coyne真實(shí)的駕車經(jīng)歷。第二段的第一句是虛擬語氣，意思是即使他沒有及時(shí)剎車，那位婦女也是安全的。因此A、B和D都不符合句意。2.D第三段告訴我們，研究者要了解什么樣的駕車指南會(huì)使回車者分心。第四段告訴我們，他們要研究駕車者在駕駛中的精神負(fù)荷，測(cè)試駕車者對(duì)聲音和圖像的反應(yīng)，包括反映時(shí)間和大腦活動(dòng)。所以，D是正確選項(xiàng)。3.C第五段昀后一句提供了答案。4.D根據(jù)本段第一句可以得知答案。5.B文章的昀后四段討論駕車指南的兩種類型：第九段使用的兩個(gè)表達(dá)是：generalinstructions和routedirections即是第八段中的point-by-pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute;第十段和第十一段使用的表達(dá)是：surveystyle和routestyle。因此，generalinstructions或generaldirections指的是一種傳遞總體信息的駕車指南，point-by-pointdirections和routestyle是一種傳遞具體路線信息的駕車指南。根據(jù)昀后一段的描述，大多數(shù)男士偏向于generaldirections，而女士則偏向于point-by-pointdirections，即routestyle。譯文：分散注意力駕駛JoeCoyne滑進(jìn)駕駛室，發(fā)動(dòng)汽車朝城里開去。空蕩蕩的那段州際公路結(jié)束了，進(jìn)入到擁塞的城市。這時(shí)，一個(gè)行人突然從Coyne的車前穿過，他急忙緊急剎車。但是，就算Coyne來不及剎車，那個(gè)婦女也不會(huì)有事兒。因?yàn)椋且粋€(gè)假人。整座城市也是假的。Coyne并不是真的在開車。他只是在演示一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)操控的駕駛模擬器，幫助OldDominion大學(xué)的研究者們檢測(cè)車內(nèi)導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)如何影響開車人。研究者們希望了解駕駛員在陌生環(huán)境里從這一系統(tǒng)提供的那些語音或書面的說明中得到的導(dǎo)路指南等益處是否抵消了這些東西引起的注意力不集中的問題。主持研究的心理學(xué)副教授CarylBaldwin說：“我們一直關(guān)注著駕駛員的表現(xiàn)和精神負(fù)荷”這包括駕駛員在對(duì)聽覺和視覺提示做出反應(yīng)時(shí)的'反應(yīng)時(shí)間和大腦活動(dòng)。研究人員剛剛完成了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于在不同環(huán)境中，如交通暢通或交通擁擠時(shí)駕駛員精神負(fù)荷的調(diào)查。Baldwin說，初步的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示人們“在更富有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境中駕駛時(shí)，并不會(huì)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的變化做出更大的反應(yīng)。”她說，兩種提示的交替使用還是有效的。下一步，他們將測(cè)試為駕駛員提供導(dǎo)向信息的不同方法以及這些方法如何改變駕駛員的精神負(fù)荷。Baldwin說：“是給駕駛員看類似地圖那樣的顯示圖片好，還是讓他們聽到指示信息好呢?”現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上的導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)會(huì)給出點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的方向信