2019屆二輪復習閱讀理解七選五專題從空格在段中位置思考（一）——并列、順承、遞進關系隕題感邑i么考?怎么解、根據并列關系解題［典例］（2013?全國卷I片段）...Oneistheestablishment（制定）ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.74Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments...E．Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F．Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.［解析］選E此題屬并列關系，根據上文所提到的“One”和下文所提到的“Thethird”可知，這里是按照順序排列，此處應該是第二條，與E項“Thesecondaspect...”相呼應。［增分技巧］表示并列關系的詞有：first（ly）,second（ly）first,then/next...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranotherthing...；tobeginwith,toconclude等標志性詞語，貝U表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關系，空格處很有可能是個并列的句子。二、根據順承關系解題［典例］（2018?浙江高考片段）Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk,takealongasmallgarbagebag.33Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.E．Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.F．Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.［解析］選E此題屬順承關系。空格前提到，散步時隨身帶個小垃圾袋；空格后提到，這個小小的舉動會讓你的鄰居知道你關心這個區域。E項“如果你碰到從路過的車里扔出的廢紙，把它撿起來”，與空格前后銜接，故選E項。［增分技巧］順承關系是按時間、空間或邏輯事理上的順序說出連續的動作或相關的情況，分句之間有先后相承的關系，重邏輯事理上的次序，較少涉及因果。注意所選選項要在語境方面能夠與原文無縫銜接。錯誤選項使上下文銜接不自然，不連貫，無法體現行文結構與脈絡。三、根據遞進關系解題［典例］（2018?北京高考片段）Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespreangerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.D．Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E．Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepreangerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.［解析］選E選項與空后句構成遞進關系。上文提到：每個人都有自己心理不平衡的地方。那些比較好強，氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到：而且，有時候，preanger并不一定是一種持久的狀態，而是一種觸發事件發生前的暫時狀態。該空承上啟下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的preanger,故選E。本題空格后的“Also”是解題關鍵。［增分技巧］遞進關系主要指英語行文中，后一分句以前一分句為基點，并在程度或范圍上比前一分句有更進一層的語義關系。表示遞進關系的詞有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso［小結］英語詞匯銜接關系表現為詞的復現。詞的復現指的是某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復出現在語篇中。文章的句子通過這種復現關系，達到相互銜接、意義完整。閱讀七選五語篇的上下文語境中往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達等，甚至有時有相同詞匯的重復使用。詞匯銜接關系是我們解題很好的線索。鋪陰影的題目為段中邏輯關系題Weallknowthebenefitsofregularphysicalactivity.Butabout80percentofpeopledon'ttakeexerciseeveryday.Evensomesaytheydon'tenjoyexercise.1Herearesometips.Findanexercisethatbestfitsyourpersonality.2Takeagroupexerciseclass,joinafootballteamorwalkwithagroupoffriends.Ifyoupreferhavingtimealone,joggingoryogawillbeabetterfitforyou.Makeitahabit.Itcantakealittlewhileforsomethingtobecomeahabit.3Onewayistotrytoexercisearoundthesametimeeachday.“Exercisecanbecomeaddictive（上癮的）inapositiveway，”saidDr.Carnethon,whoisalsoanAmericanHeartAssociationvolunteer.4Therearemanywaystofitexerciseintoyourlife.Youcanfindsomeexercisevideosonline.Doweighttrainingwiththingsaroundyourhome.Takeabriefwalkafterlunch.Andifyougotoschoolorworkbybus,getoffastopearlierandwalktherestoftheway.Keepgoing.Ifyoumissaday,don'tworryaboutit.5Justmakesureyougetbackthenextday.It'seasytomakesomethingahabitagain.Youwillseethesamebenefits.Andanylittlebityoucanfitinwillshowbenefits.Buildexerciseintoyourlifestyle.Everybodystrugglesonceinawhile.Sohowcanyoumakeanexercisepleasant?Breakupyourphysicalactivityintosmallerparts.Therefore,giveyourselfthetimetocreatearegularroutine.Ifyouareasocialperson,dosomethingthatattractsyousocially.Findingapeergroupistheperfectwaytoshareyourgoals,lifestylesandhobbies.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。運動的益處人人皆知，但大部分人還是不喜歡運動，文章給出了一些可以讓你愛上運動的建議。選C根據本空后的“Herearesometips."以及下文四段分別提出的四條建議可知，本句提出一個問題：如何讓運動變得有趣呢？選F本句與下文“fyoupreferhavingtimealone,joggingoryogawillbeabetterfitforyou."是并列關系，分別說明了兩種個性的人應該如何選擇適合自己的運動。選E上一句說“培養一個習慣需要些時間”，本句緊接著說“因此，給自己一點時間養成經常鍛煉的習慣”。選A本句為本段的中心句。空后說“有許多方法把鍛煉身體融入到你的生活”可推知空前應指出“把鍛煉身體融入到你的日常生活”，前后句為順承關系。選B有一天沒鍛煉也不必擔心，因為每個人都會偶爾懈怠，只要你第二天繼續鍛煉就可以。BTheoldfashionedartofletterwritingisatriskofdisappearingaltogether.Yet,tome,thereissomethingaboutreceivingaletterthatcannotbematchedbyanyotherformofcommunication.6ItprobablybeganwiththelittlenotesIwouldwritetomymother.Mymother,also,always,insistedIwritemyownthankyouletters.Itdidn'tmatterhowshortoruntidytheywereaslongastheywereletters.WhenIlefthomeat18totrainasadoctorinLondon,Iwouldwriteonceaweek,andsowouldmymother.Occasionallymyfatherwouldwrite.7_Ofcourse,wealsomadephonecallsbutitisthelettersthatIremembermost.IlovethelettersthatcomewithbirthdayorChristmascards.8Andit'sevennicerwhenit'sanairmailenvelopewithbeautifulstamps.MyoverseaslettersarrivefromSriLanka,fromsomeoneItrainedwithover20yearsago,andIhaveapenfriendinAustraliaandanotherinVancouver.Mybiggestletterwritingsuccess,however,camethissummer,whenmyfamilyandIstayedwithmyAmericanpenfriendinTexas.Wehadbeencorresponding（通信）for29yearsbuthadnevermet.9Thelocalpressevenconsideredthecorrespondenceworthreportingonthefrontpage.10Likemymother,Iinsisttheywritetheirownthankyouletters.Howeverconvenientcommunicatingbyemailmayappeartobe,Istronglyurgereadersnottoallowletterwritingtobecomeanother“lostart”．A．Asitis,wenowhavearegularcorrespondence.B．Itwasalwaysajoytoreceivehislong,amusingletters.C．Iampleasedthatmychildrenarecarryingonthetradition.D．Everyonewasamazedthatacorrespondencecouldlastsolong.E．LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.F．Notesareappreciated,buthowmuchbettertohaveayear'ssupplyofnews!G．IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文中敘述了她對寫信情有獨鐘以及家人如何將這一傳統代代傳承。選E第一段提到寫信這種傳統的交流方式已近消失，然而，作者卻對它情有獨鐘。根據空格后的“ItprobablybeganwiththelittlenotesIwouldwritetomymother."可知，本段談論的是作者是何時開始寫信的。故E項（在“我”小的時候寫信已經成為生活的一部分）符合語境。空格后的It指代E項中的Letterwriting。選BB項中的his指代上句中的myfather。選FF項中的“howmuchbetterto...”與空格后的“Andit'sevennicerwhen...”構成遞進關系。選D本段講述的是作者最為傳奇的通信經歷。D項中的“correspondence”與下一句中的“correspondence”呼應。“Thelocalpressevenconsideredthecorrespondenceworthreportingonthefrontpage.”與D項（通信可以持續29年，大家對此表示難以置信）均表明了作者這段通信經歷的非同尋常。選C空格后的“they”指代C項中的“mychildren”。本段講的是作者如何將寫信這一傳統傳承下去。C（2018?煙臺模擬）Therearetwotypesofpartyattendees（參加者）:Thosewhocounttheminutesuntiltheycangohome,andthosewhostayuntiltheearlyhoursofmorning.Regardlessofwhichcategoryyoufallinto,though,youmusthavesecretlywonderedaboutthebesttimetoheadoutthedoor.11Notonlydoyouwanttoavoidbeingimpolite,butyoualsodon'twanttooverstayyourwelcome.Thankfully,ThomasBlaikiecanhelpyououtwiththisdelicatematter.AccordingtoBlaikie,thereisagoldentimetoleavethegatheringwithoutappearingrude.12Ifit'sasitdowndinnerparty,butyouhavetoleaveforsomethingurgent,youshouldremainuntilallcourseshavebeenserved.It'sconsideredrudetoleavebeforedessert.13Aimtosayyourgoodbyesat1115p.m.Don'tbethelastpersontoleave.14Chattingwithadrinkinyourhandcaneasilymakeyoulosetrackofthetime.Anddon'tworryabouthurtingyourhostifyoumustturndownanoffer.Afterall,yourhostistiredout.Thisadvicedependsonhowwellyouknowyourhost,ofcourse.15Healsomightappreciateitifyoustayedbehindtohelpcleanup.Inthatcase,you'llneedtoknowthebestcleaningtipsforadinnerparty.Asfortheweekends?Onaweeknight,itisbesttoleaveat10：30p.m.Undoubted