精品文檔精品文檔精品文檔精品文檔2歡迎下載2歡迎下載精品文檔精品文檔..。1歡迎下載ChapterOnePartOneDefinitionofTranslationILengthoftime:twohoursIITeachingaims:1familiarizeSswiththedefinitionoftranslation?helpSstomastertheclassificationoftranslation;3familiarizeSswiththehistoryoftranslationinChinaIIIMainteachingpoints:definitionoftranslation;classificationoftranslation;historyoftranslationinChinaIVTeachingprocedure:DefinitionTranslationinbroadsense:Translationofbasicinformationbetweenlanguageandlanguage,languagevarietyandlanguagevarietyaswellaslanguageandnon-languagecode.（eg:a.fromEnglishtoChineseorviceversa;b.fromCantonesetoPutonghuaorstandardChinese;fromancientChinesetocontemporaryChinese;c.fromtrafficsigntotrafficregulations）Translationinnarrowsensea.changeoflanguage宋僧法云：“夫翻譯者，謂翻梵天之語，轉(zhuǎn)為漢地之言。音雖似別，義則大同。 ”（《翻譯名義集》）TheOxfordEnglishDictionary:toturnfromonelanguageintoanotherWebstersThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:toturnintoonesownoranotherlanguage.conveyofmeaning:林漢達(dá)：“什么叫做正確的翻譯呢？就是盡可能地按照中國語文的習(xí)慣，忠實(shí)地表達(dá)原文中所有的意義。”瞿秋白：”翻譯應(yīng)當(dāng)把原文的本意，完全正確地介紹給中國讀者。”Meaning:劉宓慶：語際意義分為六種一一概念（主題）意義、語境意義、形式意義、風(fēng)格意義、形象意義、文化意義。Nida把翻譯中的“意義”概括為“語義”和“文體”：translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.inseparabilitybetweenbothcontentandform費(fèi)道羅夫：翻譯就是用一種語言把另一種語言在內(nèi)容和形式不可分割的統(tǒng)一中業(yè)已表達(dá)了出來的東西準(zhǔn)確而完全地表達(dá)出來。speechact/communicativeactivity.Translationisrelatednotonlytolanguageitself,butalsothecommunicativecontextandpersonalexperienceandknowledgeoftheparticipants.eg:Translationtheoriesarenotonlybasedonpurelinguistics,butalsomanyother

non-languageelements.Socialandhistoricalbackground（externalcontext）張今：翻譯是兩個(gè)語言社會(huì)之間的交際過程和交際工具， 其目的是要促進(jìn)本語言社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和（或）文化進(jìn)步，它的任務(wù)是要把原作中包含的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的邏輯映象或藝術(shù)映象，完好無損地從一種語言中移注到另一種語言中去。 Asacommunicativeprocessandcommunicativetoolaswell,translation,withtheaimtopromotethepolitical,economicand（or）culturaldevelopmentinthelanguagecommunityofthetargetlanguage,istoconveyinanintactwaythelogicandartisticreflectionoftheactualworldintheoriginalworkfromonelanguagetotheother.孫致禮：翻譯是把一種語言表達(dá)的意義用另一種語言表達(dá)出來， 以達(dá)到溝通思想情感、傳播文化知識(shí)、促進(jìn)社會(huì)文明，特別是推動(dòng)譯語文化興旺昌盛的目的。Classificationthenatureofthetwocodesinvolved:intralingualtranslationeg:afromargottogenerallanguage;fromancientChinesetomodernChinesesuchasthetranslationof RecordsoftheHistorian;interlingualtranslation;intersemiotictranslation.thenatureofsubjects:a.humantranslationb.machinetranslationtheformoftoolandproduct:erpretation(consecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneoustranslation)b.writtentranslationthenatureofmaterial:literaltranslationandpragmatictranslationZhangJin'sclassificationbasedontheenhancementofnatureofliteratureTranslationliteratureTranslationOraltranslationwrittentranslationOraltranslationliterarytranslationNon-literarytranslationliterarytranslationPracticalwritingNewsreportScientificwritingSocialsciencewritingLiterarycriticsProsesPoemsBriefintroductiontohistoryoftranslationinChina中國是個(gè)古老的國家， 因而其翻譯活動(dòng)歷史悠久， 內(nèi)容豐富，寶貴史料甚多，……（劉重德，1998:VI）學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)新學(xué)科讀了入門書就讀它的發(fā)展史 ，而后再讀專著和專題研究。我感到歷史非常重要，它是聯(lián)結(jié)過去、現(xiàn)在與未來的橋梁。這是一座智慧之橋，認(rèn)真走過這座橋可以讓你明晰社會(huì)發(fā)展的方向；可以找到指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活戰(zhàn)勝困難的智慧和力量。 掌握了一個(gè)學(xué)科的發(fā)展史也是這樣，可以看清這個(gè)學(xué)科發(fā)展的方向； 可以從發(fā)展過程中尤其是關(guān)鍵時(shí)期吸取教訓(xùn)， 以利指導(dǎo)學(xué)科的發(fā)展。（楊自儉，1998:X）精品文檔精品文檔精品文檔精品文檔_。_。4歡迎下載歡迎下載精品文檔精品文檔3333螃ffl下載ChapterSixTranslatingtechniquesILengthoftime:twohoursIITeachingaims:enableSstomastertheprincipletranslatingtechniquesIIIMainteachingpoints:conversion;amplification;generalization;specificationTeachingprocedure:conversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationawordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetarget language.Thatistosay,nocorrespondenceofpartofspeechbetweenthetwolanguagesisnecessaryintranslation.Awordhasoftentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechastoconformtotheusageofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.6.1.1conversiontoverbsNouns-Verbs1）由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞：Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2）含有動(dòng)作意味的名詞往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞 ：Arroganceandcomplacenceturnedouttobehisruin. 驕傲自滿最終毀了他。BritainhasnosuchnaturalprotectionsfromafloodofHollywoodproducts.英國沒有這樣的天然保護(hù)來阻擋好萊塢影片長驅(qū)直入。3）英語中有些加后綴-er的名詞，有時(shí)在句子中并不指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味，在漢語中沒有恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)應(yīng)名詞時(shí)，往往可以譯成動(dòng)詞。Eg:IamafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.Talkingabouthisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman spastwrongdoings.Hewasalwaysthebackground“brieferonforeignpolicyissues. 外交問題的背景情況”總是由他介紹。Sheisawell-knownsinger./Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.Adjectives-Verbs英語中表示知覺、情欲、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后作表語時(shí)，往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語動(dòng)詞。Confident,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,anxious,delighted…Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.adverbs-nounsTheyhavenotdonesowellideologically,however,asorganizationally.但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.英語名詞譯成漢語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，修飾該名詞的形容詞往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語副詞。 ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresidentsreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue. 這篇發(fā)言清楚明白、心平氣和地說明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對(duì)話的原因。adjectives-adverbsThisissheernonsense. 這完全是胡說。Buckleywasinaclearminority. 巴克利顯然屬于少數(shù)。amplification&ellipsisByamplificationwemeansupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworksoastomaketheversioncorrectandclear.Generallyspeaking,amplificationisoftwokinds:1)wordssuppliedforsyntacticconstructionand2)wordssuppliedforsemanticcompletion.Thefirstcategoryistosecurecorrectness,whilethesecondistosecureclearnessoftheversion.Bothaimatmakingtheversionexpressiveandreadilyunderstoodbythereader.*whensomewordsaresyntacticallyomittedinEnglish.Eg:Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadymanandwritinganexactman.*whenanimpliedconditionorresultisgiven.Eg:Ifhewerehere.*Supplysummarizingwordstomakethelogicclearer.Eg:Therearetworoadsforyoutochooseone:confessingyourcrimeorrefusingtoconfessthem.lyinterpretingwords.Eg:AccordingtoIsraeliauthority …lycomplementarywords.Eg:Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblemslyauxiliaries.Eg:AllthatmadethisChristmaswasmyknowingitwas.他什么時(shí)候來？Inthefuture.他什么時(shí)彳來的？inthepast.他什么時(shí)彳來呀？showingeagerness.他什么時(shí)彳來吧？fixingthetime.他什么時(shí)彳來嘛？showingimpatience.他