英語匯學習題1Words1Istatementsbelowisfollowedbyanswers.onecompletestatement.Morphologyistheofgrammarwhichtheorformsofthroughtheuseof_________construct.A.B.formC.morphemeD.istraditionallyfortheandhistoryofformmeaningofwords.B.LinguisticsCEtymologyD.ModernderivedfromthelanguageofGreek

Semanticstheofmeaningofdifferentlexis,discourse,etc.A.linguisticB.C.arbitrary5.Stylisticsisstudyofstyle.Itconcernedwith’schoiceslinguisticelemparticular________foreffectssituationBC.placeLexicographywithsameproblems:form,andofwords,buttheydifference.A.spellingDpragmaticconsistsoftermsinparticulardisciplinestechnicalartisticdifferentD.academic__________referstothevocabulariesbymembersarts,trades,professionsamongthemselves.B.C.DialectalwordsD.Argotbelongstosub-standardlanguage,categorythatseemstothestandardgeneralinformalJargonB.C.wordsSlang10.tothejargonof_______.Itsuseissub-culturalgroupscanhardlyit.B.anyusedonlybyinquestion.ArgotB.SlangC.

D.words12.orinonlyspecializedlimiteduse.A.littlegreat13.Neologismsexpressions,ortakenword檔可自由復制編輯A.newB.oldC.bad14.notionsandareknownas_________includeverbs,adjectives,andfunctionalD.formal15.FunctionalwordsdonotnotionsoftheirTherefore,theyalsoconjunctions,auxiliariesandbelongtocontentB.notionalemptyD.II.thewithwordsortothe16.meanings17.morphological,historical,18.semantics,16.Lexicologyinto_____ofwords.lexicologyatinvestigatingandstudyingthe______ofEnglishwordequivalents,their18.embracesacademicdisciplines,morphology,______,etymology,stylistics,________.19.Thereapproachesstudyof,and20.studyinvolvesthestudyspeechgrammarand_______.III.MatchthewordsColumnAwiththoseinColumnBtowordnon-basicvocabularywordswords3)nativewordsandborrowed4)characteristicsofthebasicwordstockABStability()A.E-mail()B.aughtJargon()Argot)D.Notionalwords()Neologisms())G.)H.)I.freshEmpty()J.emirIV.followingor1)characteristicsofthe2)ofvocabulary.31.()32.ofheart()33.())35.bottom)36.penicillin()37.auld()38.futurology()39.brethren()40.()Definefollowing41.Denizens43.Aliens44.Translation-loans45.VI.followingword檔可自由復制編輯Illustratetherelationshipsoundandmeaning,soundwithexamples.Whatarecharacteristicsoftheword-stock?Illustrateyourwithexamples.Givetypesofnon-basicvocabularywithexamples.VII.andonthe49.Classifyfollowingpointouttheofaccordingtonotion.cloud,run,on,,a50.GroupfollowingintoAliens,Semantic-loans.Dream,kowtow,shirtKey16.meanings17.morphological,historical,usagessemantics,21.22.E24.C26.A27.J28.I29.B30.D31.basicstock;productivitythebasicwordcollocabilitythebasicwordargotnonbasicstock;slangnonbasicstock;nonbasicstock;terminologynonbasicstock;nonbasicstock,neologismsnonbasicstock;archaismsthebasicwordV-----VI.(seetheVII.words:clould,fiveFunctionalwords:the,50.port,shirt,Aliens:kowtowTranslation-loans:lama,masterpieceSemantic-loans:pioneerChapter2TheofEnglishandChapter3WordI(練2)I.statementsisfourtheonethatcompletestatement.Itisassumedthehasapproximately_________(someit5,000)whichcangroupedbasisofsimilaritiesbasicwordgrammar.5000B.C.30002000parentisahighlyA.derivedC.analyzedAfterthe_________,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,andJutesinword檔可自由復制編輯numbers.B.Indians

RomansFrenchintroductionofaEnglishvocabulary.

BBuddhismIslamismIntheinvadedDanishVikings.Withtheinvaders,intotheEnglishlanguage.GreekB.RomanC.Celtic

DScandinavianItleast______ofScandinavianoriginhaveinEnglish.B.1000

DNormansinvadedEnglandfromin1066.Conqueststarteda______intoEnglish.FrenchGreekBytheendofthe_______century,graduallyintotheschools,thelawgovernmentregained12

C.

aresult,Celticonlya________contributionEnglishvocabulary.A.smallbiggreatsmaller10.TheBalto-SlaviccomprisessuchlanguagesasPrussian,Czech,SlovenianandGreekB.C.Indian

D11.IntheIndo-IranianhaveHindi,theofwhicharefromthedeadA.B.LatinC.D.Greek12.isthemodernlanguagefrom_______.Latin

BHellenicC.IndianD.13.Thefive,namely,Portuguese,French,Italian,allItalicanlanguage_______.SanskritB.LatinCelticD.Anglo-Saxon14.TheoftheNorthernEuropeanLanguages:Icelandic,whichknownasScandinavianlanguages.A.Indo-EuropeanC.D.15.Bytheof,virtuallyalloftheheldpoliticalandmanyofthoseinpowerfulwereofNormanFrench10

B.11

II.thewithwordsortothe16.OldLeveledendings18.analytic19.20.Late(1700-uppresent)Nowpeoplegenerallyrefertoas_______.IfEnglishaoffullendings,MiddleEnglish18.Itcanthathasevokedsynthetic(Old_____19.ThesurvivinglanguagesaccordinglyintowhichgroupedintoEasternset:Balto-Slavic,ArmenianandaWesternCeltic,word檔可自由復制編輯Italic,Hellenic,_______.IttosubdivideintoEarly_____English.III.MatchthewordsColumnAwiththoseinColumnBtoorigin2)historyofdevelopment3)languagefamily.ABCeltic()A.politicsreligious()Scandinavian()C.()LondonOldEnglish()E.()skirtMiddle()G.sunu()H.lernenGermanicfamily()freight()NorwegianIV.Studythefollowingandmorphemes31.morpheme/free32.rootsuffix34.inflectional35.prefix36.Inflectional37.prefix38.suffix39.morpheme/free31.()32.contradict()33.()34.()35.prewar()36.()antecedent()()sun()diction()V.followingterms.41.freemorphemes42.bound44.stemVI.Answerfollowinganswersshouldbeclearshort.thecharacteristicsOldEnglishthecharacteristicsMiddlethecharacteristicsModernEnglish.VII.followingwithWhatarethreesourcesofnewwords?Howdoesvocabularydevelop?Keyexercises:1.C2.A4.B6.D7.A8.B9.A13.B14.A15.BII.16.OldLeveledendings18.19.20.Late(1700-uppresent)21.D22.EF24.A25.G26.I27.H28.BJC31.morpheme/free32.rootsuffix34.inflectional35.prefix36.Inflectional37.prefix38.suffix39.morpheme/freeword檔可自由復制編輯V.-VI(Seebook)VII.threemainof:Theofandrevolution;Socialpoliticalchanges;Watergate,milk;TheinfluenceotherandNehru50.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthree(1)e.g.carefulness;(2)change,e.g.homonymy;(3)borrowingtofu,gongful.Chapter3DevelopmentoftheEnglish4WordFormationII（練）I．statementsbelowfollowedfouralternativeanswers.theonethatcompletestatement.inwordsofirresistible,non-classicalandapoliticalarecalled_______.prefixesprefixesD.infollowingwordsare-friend,practice,misB.prefixes.pejorativeprefixeslocativeinde-composeandalloware_________.A.reversativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesinextra-strong,-weightbishopare.A.prefixesBprefixesoforsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesin,andphere________.A.numberprefixesB.prefixesofC.prefixesD.locativeprefixesareintransintraforehead.orientationandB.orderCprefixesD.Prefixesofdegreeorsizecomingfrom________.namesofBnamesofC.peopleD.tradenamesXeroxOrlonare_________.namesofB.namesofnamesofpeopleD.foreandpostofdegreesizeC.oftimeandD.locativeprefixes10.andnamesofplacesC.namesofD.tradenames11.Theprefixesin-Nazi,________.ofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoforderDprefixes12.Theprefixesinanti-governmentprostudentflow_____-.word檔可自由復制編輯ofsizeBorientationandC.prefixesofordermiscellaneous13.Utopia,odysseyandBabbitwordsfrom________.namesofB.namesofC.namesofD.tradenames14.ThesuffixesinclocknounverbsuffixesCsuffixesD.adjective15.Thesuffixesinheightenare________.nounB.suffixessuffixesD.suffixesII.position,compounds18.Conversion19.Blending20.clippinggenerallytheformationofwordsbyword-formingorderivationalalsoknownalsocalled________,isbytwoormoreWordsformedway_________.convertingclasstoanotherclass.19.theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalledblends20.Acommonwayofwordisbyapartofforiginalusingremains_______.III.MatchthewordsColumnAwiththoseinColumnBtotypesABConcretedenominalnoun()Abstractdenominalsuffixes()downwardDeverbalsuffixes(denotingpeople.)()Deverbalaction,（）darken25.De-adjectivesuffixes

（）ＥviolinistNounandadjectivesuffixes()Denominalsuffixes()arguableDeverbalsuffixes()H.dependentAdverbsuffixes()Verbsuffixes()IVStudythefollowingwordstypesclippingtypesacronymywritethefull31.quake()32.stereo()flu)pub()c/o()36.V-day()37.()38.disco()39.copter)40.perm()IV.Definethefollowingterms.41.42.back-formationinitialisms44.prefixation45.suffixationVI.Answerfollowingwithexamples.Whatareof?WhataremaintypesofWhataremaintypesofword檔可自由復制編輯VII.andonthefollowing:49.Usefollowingexamplestypesofback-formation.----donationloafbeg------beggareavesdrop---eavesdroppingbabysit---babysitter50.followingsentenceidentifytypesofwords.(1)I’mgratefulforyourhelp.(2)richmusthelpthepoor.ifsbuts.(4)Theyhousedandclothed.withage.(6)WeaKeyexercisesI1.B2.3.AB5.A6.C7.B8.D9.C10.C12.B13.A15.BII.16.position,compounds18.Blending(pormanteau)20.clipping22.I24.26.E28.G31.Frontearthquakestereophonicbackclipping,publichouseInitialisms,ofAcronyms,VictoryDayInitialisms,tuberculosisdiscothequeclipping,helicopterpermanentwavesV-VI.(Seebook)VII.49.Thereback-formation.(1)Fromnouns(2)humannouns(3)nouns50.noun(2)Adjectivenoun(3)conversionnounto(5)Adjective(6)MiscellaneousconversiontoverbChapter5Word習4)I.statementsisfourtheonethatcompletestatement.Acombinationform________.spellingB.writingmeaningdenotingtheresultofhumanreflectingtheobjectiveinthehumanConceptC.ContextSenserelationships_______theoutsideB.withC.beyondD.wordscanbesaidtobe________.word檔可自由復制編輯non-motivatedmotivatedC.D.relatedisa(n)_______motivatedword.onomatopoeicallyetymologicallyHopeless______motivatedword.C.semanticallyD.etymologicallyInthesentence‘fondof,pena______motivatedword.C.semanticallyetymologicallyWalkmanisa_______motivatedword.B.C.etymologicallyFunctionalpossessstrongwhereasmeanings,lexicalmeaningparticular.B.conceptualC.meaningD.arbitrary10.varyingconsiderablyhistoricaltheexperienceofindividual.StylisticB.ConnotativegC.CollocativeD.Affective11.Affectiveindicatesthespeaker’s_______towardsthepersonorthinginquestion..B.liking

C.

understanding12.areaffectiveareexpressionsofsuchasoh,me,alas.

Interjections

C.ExclamationsExplanations13.Itis_______overlapswithandaffectivemeaningsinsensearerevealedcollocations.conceptualB.grammaticalmeaningC.collocativemeaning14.Insamethesameconceptcanbein______.onewordB.twowordsthandifferentwords15.ReferenceistherelationshiplanguageB.

C.world

II.Completethestatementswithcoursemeanings17.multi-morphemic18.Semanticmotivation19.originsmeaningInonemayfindwordssoundssuggestCompoundsderivedare______andmeaningsofarethetotalofthemorphemesreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbyconceptualaword.19.meaningsofwordsdirectlytoInotherwordsofthewordexplainsmeaningofthe20.Lexicalmeaningitselftwocomponents:meaning_________.III.MatchthewordsColumnAwiththoseinColumnBtomotivation2)ofABmotivation()tremblewithfearmeaning()B.skinnyMorphological()slenderword檔可自由復制編輯meaning)D.motivation()E.laconicStylisticmeaning()F.sunheavenlybody)motivation(meaning()H.homemeaning()I.andmeaning()J.andawordIV.followingorof2)of31.neigh()32.the()33.()34.tantalus)35.()36.cops(37.dear()pigheaded()39.handsomeboy()()Definefollowingterms41.motivation42.grammatical43.meaning44.45.VI.followinganswersshouldclearshort.46.What?47.Whatconcept?48.sense?andonthethefollowingwhichtypeofmotivationtheybelong.thetypesofassociativewithexamples.Keyexercises:II.1.2.B3.D5.C6.A8.D9.A12.B13.D14.DIII.16.17.multi-morphemic18.Semanticmotivation19.origins21.D22.A23.G24.H26.I29.F30.C31.motivationSemantic33.Morphologicalmotivationmotivation35.Connotativemeaning36.Stylisticmeaning37.meaning38.pejorative39.meaningappreciativeV-VI.thecoursebook.VI.andtoonomatopoeicmotivation.belongThelegofaandneckabottletosemanticmotivation.Titanicpanicbelongtomotivation.50.Associativecomprisesfourtypes:.Ittheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbythemeaning,knownasItnotword-meaning,thatoccurinthemindaparticulartheword檔可自由復制編輯language.Forexample,mother,denotinga‘femaleparentisoftenassociatedwith‘love‘care’,Stylisticmeaning.Apartfeommeanings,havefeatures,whichthemappropriatefordifferentThesedistinctivefeaturesthestylisticmeaningsofwords.Forexpecting,knockingup,intheetc.,allcanthesameconceptualbutdifferintheirvalues.Affectivemeaning.Itindicatesthespeaker’sattitudethethinginquestion.haveemotivevaluesmayintocategoriesorpejorative.example,determinedarewordsofpositivenotorious,areofnegativeconnotationsorcriticism.meaning.ItconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitsInitisbytheorthewordinForple,wesay:prettyprettygarden;wedonprettyButthecollocationsofthetwowords.Chapter6Semantic(習5)I.statementsisfourtheonethatcompletestatement.PolysemyiscommonpeculiartoB.onlyC.D.someFrompointofpolysemybetheofgrowthandofstructureofandword.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronic_______asemanticinwhichtheprimaryatcenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutitineverylikerays.A.ConcatenationDerivationInflection_________isthesemanticprocessinmeaningofamovesitsbyuntil,inmanythereisnotsignofthesensethatfinallythatwhichthetermatbeginning.DerivationB.Inflection

importanttodifferentiatehomonymspolysemantsisseetheirspellingB.

Cusage________referoneoformoreinEnglishlanguagehavethesameornearlysameessentialmeaning.PolysemantsBC.senserelationbetweentwotulipandis_______.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemy_________arewordsidenticalinspellinginsoundande.g.?B.HomographsC.Antonymsword檔可自由復制編輯femaleA.contradictoryB.contrarytermstermsD.terms10.ThebigandtermsB.contrarytermsC.termsconnectedterms11.Theandare______.termscontrarytermsCpoundinginlexicology_______.A.absoluteB.relativesynonymsC.relativeantonyms13.Ashomonymsidenticalinsoundorspelling,particularlytheyemployedinconversationforridicule.homographsB.homophonesC.absolutehomonymsD.14.pointofview,wascreated,itwasendowedwithonlyThefirstA.primarymeaningB.derivedC.meaningD.basicmeaning15.basicmeaningofwordiscoreofprimarymeaningB.derivedC.meaningmeaningII.thewithwordsortothebook.16.etymology,semantic17.headword,entries18.denotation,applicationsuperordinate,subordinateSemanticfieldOnefordifferentiationofhomonymspolysemantsisseetheirthesecondis________.Inpolysemantmeaningsalllistedunderone______whereasarelistedasseparate______.Thedifferencessynonymsboildownareas:Hyponymywithrelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Thatmeaningofmorewordisincludedinthatofmoreword.generalaretheandtheterms.ThemassivestoreoflanguageEnglishcanconceivedcomposedaroundanumberofmeaningareas.large,‘philosophyor‘emotionsothersmaller,such‘kinship’or‘color’.Viewingthetotalmeaninginwayisbasisof______.III.MatchthewordsexpressionColumnAwithinColumndiscriminationtypesantonymssourcesA

Bdifferencein()dead/aliveborrowing()B.dialectsregional()old/contradictoryterms()answerthe/replytotheletter25.figurativeeuphemisticuseofwords()terms()F.want/wish/desiredifferencein()G.dreamercoincidencewithidiomatic()employer/differenceinapplication()I.help/oneahandterms()J.foe/word檔可自由復制編輯IV.followingor1)ofsynonyms2)originsofhomonyms3)processesofdevelopment.31.neck()32.word()33.candidate()and()35.NOW()dear/()37.ear()38.fairferia()39./bank()40./)VI.theterms41.radiation42.43.antonymy44.semanticfieldVII.Answerfollowingquestions.YourbeandWhatare?WhataresourcesofWhatareof?VIII.commentonthefollowing.49.Dividethefollowingintofourandterms:boat,drum,harp,lute.Microscope.Mirror,cruiser,rhomboid,ship,square,telescope,50.Writefollowingintoatree-liketurnip,bread,food,cake,cereal.Keyexercises3.A5.C6.B7.A8.B10.B11.C12.A13.B14.AII.semantic17.headword,18.denotation,application19.20.field21.22.J25.G27.B28.I29.D31.radiation32.synonymconcatenation7.inand38.borrowing39.homonym40.synonymV-VI.(Seebook)VII.)spectacles,:optical(2),violin,drummusicalship,bark,watersquare,rhomboidtrapezium50.porkbreadword檔可自由復制編輯Chapter7ChangesChapter8Meaningand(習)I.statementsbelowisthethatstatement.manuscriptis________.Aanyauthor’swritingB.handwritingC.anyauthorworksD.apieceofpaperoriginalmeaningaplaceforstoringbarleyD.abathroomextendedmeaningofjournalispaperanypaperD.periodicalInShakespeareanline‘ratsandmiceandsmallr’,deerobviouslydesignates‘_____inaB..buckoriginalmeaningwife_______.awomanB.youngwomanwomanwidowedwomanmeaningmeatchangedmodeof_______.extensionB.narrowingelevationD.meaningbymodeof_______.extensionnarrowingelevationoriginalmeaningisheadministryB.C.afarmerservantoriginalmeaningresultB.event10.Theofchurlmodeof_______.B.narrowing11.TheoriginalofknaveisB.C.12.TheoriginalofsillyisB.C.happyD.13.colourstotransferandmeaningsC.tosubjectivesubjectivetoobjective14.andto_______.subjectivetoobjectiveB.ofsensationC.tosubjectivebetweenandmeanings15.meaningpicturemodesofextensionnarrowingC.degradationelevationII.thestatementswithproperortothe16.content17.elevationnarrowinggrammatical19.word檔可自由復制編輯20.Vocabularyunstableofalanguageasitisconstantchangesinandbynarrowing,degradation,Ofextension_______arebyfarcontextintolexicalTheextra-linguisticextendtoentirewhichaffecttheofwords.oftenarisesdueand_____.III.MatchwordsorexpressionsColumnAwiththoseColumnBtypeschangesof2)changes.ABExtension()()fruition()C.cattle/bee()Historical()E.()F.Psychologicalreason()churlByshortening()girlBy()I.By()J.IV.followingsentenceoftransfertypescluesforinferringwordfightingallpeak,nearedTheirfearwassincefiredestroytheirflimsyhelparrive.UnitedNationsarepolyglotsMs.Mary,forfivelanguages.Helisteningthatsweetmusic.’sjustonemoreincredibleofdevelopmenttinypartsofacommonlyknownas‘siliconchipsPerhapsthestartlingtheorytocomeoutofkinesics,studyofwassuggestedProfessorBirdwhistell.Hefamily.Inofthatthewerewearingsouthestormheavy.Copernicusinheliocentricuniverse,taninthegeocentricThevillagemostofusualamenitiespub,library,postoffice,avillagehall,amedicalDefinethe5.VI.Answerthefollowingquestions.YourclearandshortWriteword檔可自由復制編輯answersthebelow.Whatarefactors?Whatarelinguisticfactors?Whataretypesof?VII.commentontheWriteanswersonbelow.Determinemeaningoftheitalicizedwordinthefollowingandthenalternationinsopindownmeaning.Howdoyouunderstandthefollowingsentence‘Withoutclearcontext,thereferencebeveryconfusing’?Keyexercises2.ADBBC8.ACDC13.A14.A15.AII.16.content17.,narrowinggrammatical19.cultural20.AK25.I26.G27.28.C30.B31.Antonymy6.Definition37.Transferof38.39.Word40.–VI.thecoursebookVII.49.(1)Themeaningofinisvery.Initcanboth‘hardworking’and‘difficult’.failstotheitforthetodecidewhatspeakerexactly(2)sentencebeextendedas‘Heahardbusinessmantodeal50.Thissentenceoneoffunctions,aclearindicationChapter9EnglishIdioms(習)I.statementsisfourtheonethatcompletestatement.tradesanidiom________.inB.adjectivalinnatureC.innatureadverbialnatureLetthedograbbitanidiom________.inB.inC.innatureD.adverbialinHowareisa(n)__________.inB.idiominadjectiveinsentencenailanidiom________.inininnatureD.adverbialinpaleisidiom_________.inB.adjectivalinnatureinadverbialinPlayfastshowsthefeature________.juxtapositionSpendmoneyisanexampleof_________.word檔可自由復制編輯A．simileD.synecdocheTheoftheisanof_______.simileC.From_________.simileB.10.goodisanof_________.simileB.C.synecdoche11.Thepotcallscattleblackis_______.B.C.synecdoche12.Powderone