構詞法三種方式:

派生法、轉化法、合成法。派生法(affixation)指在詞上附加前綴或后綴,構成新詞。形容詞后綴

(1)帶有“屬性,傾向,相關”的含義

1)-able,

-ible,

movable,

comfortable,

applicable,

visible,

responsible

2)-al,

natural,

additional,

educational

3)-an,

-ane,

urban,

suburban,

republican

4)-ant,

-ent,

distant,

important,

excellent

5)-ar,

similar,

popular,

regular

1.表示否定的前綴：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker,non-violentin-inactive,inhuman,indirectdis-disagree,disappear

im-impolite,impossibleil-illegalir-irregularI.前綴(prefix)：2.表示錯誤或失當的前綴:mis-misjudge,misdirect(誤導)3.表示向背的前綴:pro-pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-antiwar,anti-Japanesewar4.表示程度、大小的前綴super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,minicarunder-underground,underdevelop

semi-semicircle,semiskilled,semisteel5.表示時間的前綴pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-foretell,forecast,foresee,

weatherforcast6.表示方位的前綴：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,intercity,interclasstrans-translate,transatlanticII.后綴：不改變詞根的基本意義,而是改變了詞性。1.動詞變名詞：-ation

satisfaction,education,realization-ment

development,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-ee

trainee,employee-er

teacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.形容詞變名詞：-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ity

ability,possibility

-ismMarxism,criticism3.名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ify

beautify,simplify-ize

realize-enquicken,widen,sharpen4.名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ish

foolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ous

dangerous,humorous-ful

helpful,careful,peaceful1.TheChicagoBullsarenotas________astheywerewhenMichaelJordanplayedforthem.2.WhenYaoMinghurthishead,itwasvery______.powerfulpainful用所給詞的正確形式完成下列句子。beautycarehopepainpowerwonder3.Hehadtobevery______whenheplayedaftertheaccident.4.Thefansareall_______thattheteamwilldowellthisyear.5.It’sterriblewhenwelose,butit’s_________whenwewin.carefulhopefulwonderful根據句意用所給單詞的正確形式填空。

1.Thereissome_________(possible)thatourteamwillwinthebasketballmatch.2.Wemusttakemeasurestopreventfactoriesfromsendingout________(poison)gasesintotheair.3.Tomy_____________(disappoint),hefailedtopassthecollegeentranceexamthisyear.

possibilitypoisonous

disappointment4.Itismuchmore_____________(comfort)totravelbyairthanbyship.5.Itwasbecauseofhis___________(care)thatthecaraccidenthappened.6.Shehaddonesomethingwrongandtoldusshewas______(true)fortablecarelessnesstruly7.Onhis________(arrive)attheairport,hereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheteachersandstudents.8.Manyofhisanswersare________(correct),sotheteacheraskedhimtodotheexercisesagain.9.Shewasgoingtotakepartintheparty,butan___________(expected)guestdroppedinonher.arrivalincorrectunexpected10.Themeetingsupposedtobe__________(success)turnedouttobeafailureintheend.successful將下列單詞加前綴或后綴派生出一個新詞。argue2.spoon3.advantage4.polite5.pleasant6.attract7.sleep

argumentspoonfuldisadvantageimpolite/politelyunpleasant/pleasantlyattractive/attractionasleep/sleepy/sleepless

8.courage9.discuss10.visit

encourage/encouragementdiscussionvisitor英語中,有的名詞可作動詞,有的形容詞可作副詞或動詞,這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉化法。1)動詞轉化為名詞

很多動詞可以轉化為名詞,大多意思沒有多大的變化(如下①);有時意思有一定變化(如下②);有的與一個動詞和不定冠詞構成短語，表示一個動作(如下③)。例如：Conversion轉化詞①Let’sgooutforawalk.

我們到外面去散散步吧。②Heisamanofstrongbuild.

他是一個體格健壯的漢子。③Let’shaveaswim.

咱們游泳吧。2)名詞轉化為動詞

很多表示物件(如下①)、身體部位(如下②)、某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作，某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動詞。例如：①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?

你訂好飛機座位了嗎?②Pleasehandmethebook.

請把那本書遞給我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.

她看護丈夫，使他恢復了健康。④Welunchedtogether.

我們在一起吃了午餐。3)形容詞轉化為動詞有少數形容詞可以轉化為動詞。例如：

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。4)副詞轉化為動詞

有少數副詞可以轉化為動詞。例如：Murderwillout.(諺語)惡事終必將敗露。5)形容詞轉化為名詞

表示顏色的形容詞常可轉化為名詞(如下①)；某些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用，表示一類人，作主語時，謂語用復數(如下②)。例如：Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。1)Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforandentireseason.AveragedisaverbdescribingwhatChamberlaindid.2)Duringthistime,hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.Averageisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.I.Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.3)Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.Scoreispartof“toscore”theinfinitiveoftheverbtellinguswhatJordandid.4)Thefinalscorewas169-147.Scoreisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.What’sthedifferenceinthewayaverageandscoreareusedinthesesentences?b)Doesthemeaningofthewordschangewhentheyareuseddifferently?

No,itdoesn’t.II.Rewritethesentencesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship

____fortheChicagoBullin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenJordanretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachange1.Alotofyoungboys_______aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The______ofthegamewasincredible---169-147.dreamresultIII.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.dreamquestionresultstarwork3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest___oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle______asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.starworkedquestionsIV.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.1.He_____hisarmplayingbasketball.2.YaoMinginjuredhis____duringagame.3.Jordan’stotalofpointsisaworld______.brokeheadrecordbreakheadplayrecord4.Chamberlain_______forfourdifferentNBAteams.5.Afterthegame,thefans______fortheexit.6.We_______thecommentaryofthegameonacassette.playedheadedrecorded7.Hasthereeverbeenafilmora_____aboutbasketball?8.Therewasaten-minutes______inthegamebecauseaplayerwasinjured.playbreak合成詞合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成的一個新詞。一.合成名詞,如:workforce,haircut,postman,X-ray,mailbox,landowner,farmland,handstand,handshake,coastline,gunfire,short-wave,gentleman,newcomer,tightrope,best-seller,mainland,freeway,second-hand,midday,front-runner,pickpocket扒手,breakwater防波堤,runway,sit-downer靜坐罷工者,breakthrough突破,runaround借口,runaway逃亡,sell-out售完,handout傳單,breakdown衰落二.合成形容詞,如:worldwide,nationwide,duty-free,snow-white,world-famous,lifelong,English-speaking,noise-killing,hand-made,peace-loving,horse-drawn,fun-loving,ready-made現成的,good-looking,easy-going,low-lying地勢低洼的,well-known,hard-working,well-informed消息靈通的,widespread,ill-formed,first-rate,second-hand,worthwhile,everyday,middle-aged,warm-blooded,good-tempered,bare-footed三.合成代詞,如:himself,herself,themselves,something,someone,anything,nobody四.合成動詞,如:overthrow,output,input,uphold,uplift,downgrade,sleep-walk,typewrite,brainwash,handpick精選,daydream,whitewash,deep-freeze五.合成副詞,如:meanwhile,midway,everywhere,somewhere,anyway,otherwise,sometime,beforehand,onshore,inside,offhand,headfirst頭朝下地,daylong構詞法的綜合練習單項填空1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.

A.care

B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessnessB2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis____isheavierthanMountTai.

A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death

3.Westoodthere_____atthe_____sight.

A.frightened;frightful

B.frightening;frightful

C.fright;frightening

D.frightful;fright

DA4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.

A.chemistry

B.chemical

C.chemist

D.physician

5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.

A.legging

B.legged

C.legs

D.legedCB6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.

A.lead

B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership

7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.

A.proud

B.proudly

C.pride

D.pridelyCB8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfied

B.satisfactoryC.satisfying

D.satisfaction

9.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permit

B.permissionC.permitting

D.permittenceDB10.—Whatareyoudoinghere?

—Oh,myteacherask