Unit5Lesson2UsinglanguageAttributiveclausesII

Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanserthequestions.a.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.b.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch'samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.c.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.d.Inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.Question1：Whatdo“where”,”when”and“why”refertoineachsentence?a.wherereferstotheplacesb.whenreferstoatimec.whyreferstothemainreasond.wherereferstotheplaces

dEventually,itmanagestoreachthoseplaces.Itwillspendthewinterthere.eItisinserioustrouble.Theesatthistime.fSadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Question2:What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Sentences(a),(b)and(c)containaclausedefininganounorpronouninthesentence.Sentences(d),(e)and(f)areconstructedwithapairofsimplesentences,withonedefininganounorpronounintheothersentenceineachpair.Question3:Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentence(a),(b)and(c)inthereadingpassage?Becausethereisacloserlinkandconnectionbetweentheitemandtheclausedefiningitinsentences(a),(b)and(c).Itwillalsomakethepassageclearer,andcreateanemphaticeffectonthelocation,timeandreasonbeingdefined.PracticeReadthepassageandunderlinethewordsthatwhere,whenandwhyreferto.InApril2017,twogiantpandasfromChinaarrivedatazoointheNetherlands.There,theywerewelcomedtotheChinese-stylecompoundwheretheyweretolive.On30May,afterthepreparationswerecomplete,thedayfinallycamewhenthepandasmettheirfansforthefirsttime.Peoplewereexcited-thezooistheonlyplaceinthecountrywhereitispossibletoseepandas.Infact,thelasttimetherewerepandasintheNetherlandswasin1987.Andofcourse,themainreasonwhytheyweresoexcitedisthatpandasarejustsocute!Attributiveclauses定語從句II

4.As引導定語從句用法(1)As既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。常用于以下句型當中：Such/so…..as….像…..一樣thesame….as…和…...同樣的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(2)引導非限制性定語從句，此時譯為“正如，像”等?？梢苑旁诰涫?，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引導定語從句的區別ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同類事物）5.關系副詞的運用(1)When在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)(2)Where在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)(3)Why在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★關系副詞=相應的介詞+關系代詞★Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(階段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時where=inwhich)6.幾個特殊的先行詞(1)way在定語從句中做狀語時的三種引導方式that/inwhich/不填Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比較：Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.★way在定語中作tell的賓語(2)先行詞timetime表示“次數”時，用關系代詞that引導定語從句Thisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.time作“一段時間”講時，應用關系副詞whenThiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets★此時when=duringwhich在..期間(3)先行詞reason當在定語從句中作狀語時，定語從句的4種引導方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.比較：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.★reason在定語從句中做explain的賓語7.介詞+關系代詞★該結構的關系代詞只有兩種即介詞+which（指物）介詞+whom（指人）★該結構介詞的選用原則：(1)根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.(2)根據先行詞的搭配習慣IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.(3)根據整個句子所表達的意思來決定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.(4)英語中為了強調某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關系代詞。Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend注意：①如果介詞后移，關系代詞可以省略Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.②有些含有介詞的動詞短語介詞不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.定語從句的主謂一致(1)當先行詞是oneof+復數名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.(2)當先行詞是theonly+oneof+復數名詞，從句謂語用單數形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.(3)先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.9.定語從句的轉化定語從句可以轉換為–ing或-ed形式Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.10.定語從句的解題方法(1)判斷從句是否為定語從句（先行詞，關系詞，定語從句）(2)準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關系代詞或關系副詞注意：①關系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。當先行詞是人：whose=the+名詞+ofwhom當先行詞是物：whose=the+名詞+ofwhichDoyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?I’dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.②That引導定語從句，名詞性從句和強調句型的區別:定語從句中的that:關系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。強調句中的that,運用于itis/was…that..結構；判斷標準：去掉強調句型結構，成分仍然完整。比較：ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引導定語從句)ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis構成強調句型)Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引導名詞性從句--同位語從句)Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引導名詞性從句--主語從句)Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引導名詞性從句--賓語從句)Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引導名詞性從句--表語從句)PracticeKey:wherewhenwhywhereSummarySummarizewhatwehavelearnttoday.Homework用適當的代詞和副詞完成電子郵件，必要時可加介詞。Hi,Anne.IarrivedinSriLankalastweekandI’mstayingwiththepeople(1)______ImetinLondon.SriLankais