書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-山東電子職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereareseveralmeans（）latitudeandlongitude.

問題1選項

A.candetermine

B.todetermine

C.bythemcanbedetermined

D.weusethemtodetermine

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析句子可知，句中已經有謂語動詞thereare，因此空格處的動詞determine應用非謂語形式，四個選項中，只有B項是非謂語形式，故選B。句意：有幾種方法可以確定緯度和經度。

2.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問題1選項

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

3.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous-coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandinimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities,there'slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff,thecitybreedsafeelingofisolationandconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn'tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe"quietlife"byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring"morning"tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere'smycat,Toby.I'mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor

（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuytothefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages

（

）.

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?（

）.

問題1選項

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問題2選項

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問題3選項

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問題4選項

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

問題5選項

A.Yes,hewilldoso.

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell.

D.Heisintwominds.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節事實題。由文章第一段中Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.（我設法說服自己，如果不是因為工作的緣故，我將馬上搬到開闊的農村，回到隱藏在寧靜的村莊）可知作者在城市工作，因此選C。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段中nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother與B選項對應；Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats與C選項對應；theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld與D選項對應，因此選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.（購物成了一個大問題，對于任何不尋常的東西，你必須遠征到最近的大城市）可知選C，其他選項都為平常的東西。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.（他們大概和他們留下的塑料花一樣，沒有感受，他們的腦子里充滿了關于改變和改進農村的奇怪想法，并將這些強加給不愿接受的原始居民）可知D選項“麻木不仁的”最恰當。這里是將這些人和塑料花進行比較，他們只知道一味的強加，并不在意當地人的感受，所以說和塑料花一樣麻木不仁。所以選項D正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中I’mkeenontheidea,but...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.可知作者以他的貓為例，認為它不一定會適應農村生活，更喜歡待在城里，間接表達了自己不會去農村生活，因此選B。

4.單選題

Followthemoneyandyouwillendupinspace.That’sthemessagefromafirst-of-its-kindforumonminingbeyondEarth.

ConvenedinSydneybytheAustralianCentreforSpaceEngineeringResearch,theeventbroughttogetherminingcompanies,roboticsexperts,lunarscientists,andgovernmentagenciesthatareallworkingtomakespaceminingareality.

Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm.

PlanetaryResourcesofWashingtonsaysitwilllaunchitsfirstprospectingtelescopesintwoyears,whileDeepSpaceIndustriesofVirginiahopestobeharvestingmetalsfromasteroidsby2020.Anothercommercialventurethatsprungupin2012,GoldenSpikeofColorado,willbeofferingtripstothemoon,includingtopotentiallunarminers.

Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.ButlikethegoldrushpioneerswhotransformedthewesternUnitedStates,thefirstspaceminerswon’tjustenrichthemselves.Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.

Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity.“Inthedesert,what’sworthmore:akilogramofgoldorakilogramofwater?”asksKrisZacnyofHoneybeeRoboticsinNewYork.“Goldisuseless.Waterwillletyoulive.”

Watericefromthemoon’spolescouldbesenttoastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationfordrinkingorasaradiationshield.Splittingwaterintooxygenandhydrogenmakesspacecraftfuel,soice-richasteroidscouldbecomeinterplanetaryrefuelingstations.

Companiesareeyeingtheiron,silicon,andaluminuminlunarsoilandasteroids,whichcouldbeusedin3Dprinterstomakesparepartsormachinery.Otherswanttoturnspacedirtintoconcreteforlandingpads,sheltersandroads.

1.Inthepassagetheauthormentionsseveralcompaniesprimarilyto（

）.

2.Theauthorindicatesthatspaceminingcouldhavewhichpositiveeffect?

3.Asusedinthepassagetheword“demands”underlinedmostnearlymeans

（

）.

4.Whatfunctiondoesthediscussionofwaterinlastpartofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notethetechnologicaladvancesthatmakespaceminingpossible

B.provideevidenceofthegrowinginterestinspacemining

C.emphasizethelargeprofitstobemadefromspacemining

D.highlightthediversewaystocarryoutspaceminingoperations

問題2選項

A.ItcouldyieldmaterialsimportanttoEarth’seconomy

B.ItcouldraisethevalueofsomepreciousmetalsonEarth

C.Itcouldcreateunanticipatedtechnologicalinnovations

D.Itcouldchangescientists’understandingofspaceresources

問題3選項

A.offers

B.claims

C.inquiries

D.desires

問題4選項

A.Itcontinuesanextendedcomparisonthatbeginsinthepreviousparagraph

B.Itprovidesanunexpectedanswertoaquestionraisedinthepreviousparagraph

C.Itoffershypotheticalexamplessupportingaclaimmadeinthepreviousparagraph

D.Itexaminespossibleoutcomesofaproposalputforthinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第三、四、五段提到了幾家公司并說到了他們的一些舉措或計劃，尤其第三段說到“Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm2012年，兩家私營小行星采礦公司剛剛成立，緊接著這個論壇就變得火熱起來”說明很多公司對在太空采礦的興趣正日益增加。因此B選項“提供證據表明人們對太空采礦的興趣日益濃厚”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。作者在第五段提到“Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.在幾十年內，這些公司可能會滿足地球上對貴金屬的需求，比如鉑和金，以及對個人電子產品至關重要的稀土元素，比如釔和鑭”，這些都是對太空采礦感興趣的公司，因此這里說的就是太空采礦的好處，A選項“它可以產生對地球經濟很重要的物質”符合文意。

3.判斷推理題。句中用來與demands搭配的動詞是“meeting滿足”，因此此處desire“要求”可與demand對等。

4.判斷推理題。文章最后一部分討論水，原因可在倒數第三段第一句找到“Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity在這種情況下，從太空中開采的水可能成為最受歡迎的商品”。這里是在為上文說到的“Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.他們還希望建立一個與地球沒有任何聯系的外星球經濟，從月球和小行星上提取和處理的物質被運送到太空項目中。”提供一個例子，而這一切都還是假設，因此C選項“它為前一段的觀點提供了假設的例子”正確。

5.單選題

Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto（）themfrominjury.

問題1選項

A.save

B.shield

C.shelter

D.defend

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。save意為“使……免于受到……的損傷”；shield指用某種手段作為防御工具以防危險或傷害；shelter通常指尋找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受損害。題中是指運用頭盔這種工具躲避傷害。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

問題2選項

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

問題3選項

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

問題4選項

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

問題5選項

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據第一段的內容可知，反對克隆的是克林頓總統，而白宮對此的態度作者沒有提及，所以選項A錯誤；克林頓總統下令聯邦基金不能用于克隆實驗，所以選項B也錯誤；NBAC只是被授權寫出有關克隆人的國家政策的建議，而不是被授權控制克隆技術的濫用，選項C表述有誤；根據第一段的最后一句可知，該草案的最終建議已經達成了一致，所以選項D正確。

2.根據原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指達成廣泛的共識。所以選項C更符合原文。

3.根據第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一個關鍵問題專家組尚未達成一致意見，即將私人資金用于克隆人屬于犯罪這一條例是否應該立法。所以選項D是錯誤的。

4.根據第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成員會注意控制其內容的措辭,以免出現新的條令禁止克隆人類DNA和細胞的試驗——這類試驗在分子生物學中是常見的。也就是說，克隆人類DNA不應該受到更多的控制。選項C符合原文。

5.根據最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他們在是否進一步要求聯邦法律全面禁止克隆人的問題上存在分歧。選項B符合原文。

7.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問題1選項

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預備，準備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優先權”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對問題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項A符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性別歧視是在生理由先天決定這一思想基礎上產生的，并被其合理化。根據這一思想，生理和心理的基本差異存在于性別之中。

2.這樣，女人天生比男人更加適合履行家庭職責。在通常情況下，女人的位置處于在家里這個被保護的環境中。

3.這種思想還認為，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就應該在那些適合她們性別的行業里的工作。

4.最后，這種思想還認為，自然以另一種顯著的方式行使了自己的意志。人類要長遠生存下來，它的成員必須有規律地繁衍。

5.有充足的證據表明，性別角色在不同的社會里是不同的，而且這些確實存在的角色差異大都是后天學來的。

9.單選題

Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同齡人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople’schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingviewsisconsistentwithwhatthedevelopmentalistshold?

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theword“ditched”couldbebestreplacedby______.

5.Whatistheauthor’smainpurpose?

問題1選項

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavioroftheirchildren

B.parentswillaffectgreatlythechildren’slifeinthelongrun

C.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment

D.children’spersonalityisshapedbytheirfriendsandneighbors

問題2選項

A.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

B.Twinsarequitedifferentiftheyarerearedintwoseparatefamilies.

C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearedifferentinpersonality.

D.Nurturehasalesssignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment.

問題3選項

A.Itishardertotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringingthantheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildren.

B.Immigrantchildrentendtodiscardthewaytheirparentsspeakquicklywhentheygotoschool.

C.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeershavemoreimpactonchildren’squalitiessuchastobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.

D.Itiseasierforchildrentoacquirealanguageatschoolthanathome.

問題4選項

A.proved

B.emphasized

C.compared

D.ignored

問題5選項

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris’swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris’swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris’swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris’swork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.（她認為，父母對孩子個性的發展沒有重要的長期影響。更重要的是他們在操場上的朋友和鄰居。），說明哈里斯女士認為孩子的個性塑造受到朋友和鄰居的影響。因此D選項“孩子的個性是由他們的朋友和鄰居塑造的”正確。A選項“父母應該為他們孩子的任何不良行為負責”，B選項“從長遠來看，父母將極大地影響孩子的人生”，C選項“天生的而不是后天的因素對孩子的個性發展有很大的影響”均與原文意思相反，所以A,B,C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.（哈里斯女士對發展主義者的“自然”論點的攻擊似乎加深了人們對這一職業已經存在的懷疑。），說明哈里斯女士和發展主義者的觀點截然不同，哈里斯女士認為孩子的個性塑造受到朋友和鄰居的影響，而發展主義者強調父母對孩子的影響，認為教育對孩子的影響更大，所以A選項“孩子受同齡人的影響比受父母的影響更大”，D選項“天生的因素對孩子個性發展的影響不大”不屬于發展主義者的觀點，A,D錯誤。由于哈里斯女士所舉的雙胞胎例子與發展主義者的觀點相反，那么后者的觀點應該是：雙胞胎在同一個家庭長大則個性相同，在不同的家庭長大個性會有很大的差異，所以C選項“在同一家庭中長大的同卵雙胞胎在性格上是不同的”錯誤。因此B選項“如果雙胞胎在兩個不同的家庭中長大，他們就會有很大不同”正確。

3.客觀細節題。A選項“追蹤父母教養的確切影響比追蹤同齡人群體對孩子的確切影響更難”，由原文Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.（雖然很難追蹤父母教養的確切影響，但要衡量同齡人群體在童年和青春期的確切影響可能更困難。）可知后者更難，所以A錯誤。C選項“事實證明，同齡人對兒童的品質，如誠實、勤奮、慷慨等方面的影響更大”，由原文Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.（盡管要證明父母對這些品質的影響很小很容易，但要證明同齡人對這些品質的影響要大得多卻很難。）可知，很難證明同齡人對這些品質的影響更大，所以C錯誤。D選項“兒童在學校比在家里更容易掌握一種語言”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。B選項“移民的孩子在上學時往往會很快拋棄他們父母的說話方式”，由原文Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.（哈里斯指出，來自移民家庭的孩子在學校很快就學會了不像父母那樣說話。）可知，移民的孩子在學校很快就會拋棄父母的說話方式，所以B正確。

4.語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.（此外，父母當然不能被完全拋棄。），說明不能完全忽視父母的影響，可以推斷出“ditched”在文中是指“忽視”的意思。因此D選項“忽視”正確。A選項“證明”，B選項“強調”，C選項“比較”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.觀點態度題。結合全文來看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的觀點，即家長對孩子的影響并不是人們所認為的那么重要，影響孩子成長的還有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在說明問題時所舉的例子不恰當，因為它強調了技能而不是個性，接著在第四段中說到，雖然孩子們極力要向他們的同齡人看齊，但家長們對他們的早期影響是不可忽視的，說明作者對哈里斯女士觀點的態度是批判性的。因此D選項“對哈里斯女士的工作進行批判性評論”正確。A選項“高度贊揚哈里斯女士的工作”，B選項“反駁哈里斯女士的工作”，作者沒有完全絕對地贊同或反對哈里斯女士的觀點，所以A、B錯誤。C選項“客觀地報告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客觀介紹了哈里斯女士的觀點之外，也提出了自己的主觀看法，所以C錯誤。

10.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disclosure“披露，揭發”；B選項exhibition“展覽，顯示”；C選項contact“接觸”；D選項exposure“暴露”。句意：過多地暴露在X光下會導致皮膚灼傷、產生癌癥或造成其他身體上的損傷。選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

問題1選項

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deject“使……沮喪；使……灰心”；B選項eject“噴射；驅逐，逐出”；C選項inject“注入；注射”；D選項project“計劃；發射；放映”。句意：隨著新材料被注入到非洲和南美之間的地板上，它們正在相互遠離，因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

問題1選項

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央視所有慶祝春節的節目都通過衛星轉播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-，選項A和B不符合句意，所以選項C正確。

13.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問題1選項

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對過去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句用would/could/should+have+動詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個詞提到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯邦政府可能就已經被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

14.單選題

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

問題1選項

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”；B選項depreciatory“貶值的”；C選項hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D選項lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩節火雞中的色氨酸有______的作用，能讓吃火雞的人入睡。色氨酸可以讓人們入睡，可見有讓人產生困意的作用，C選項hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

BillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle;theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).

TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.

Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimonytothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday.

“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA’,theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”

ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetau