書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南開大學濱海學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

問題1選項

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。obliterate“消滅，清除”；sequester“使隔絕”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使終止”。句意：于今年四月開始的“凈化我的新加坡”運動還包括一系列的培訓、發展和與之相關的新技術的開發。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcitesarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated，substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

36.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

38.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

39.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

40.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項

A.howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthecorder

D.howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:36.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，可知他們不會回到國會公開擔心劣等種族污染美國血統的時代。可判斷出美國國會早期是將移民看待為一種劣等種族。選項A符合題意。

37.作者態度題。根據文章第三段，“Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，可知隨著時間的推移，意大利人、羅馬尼亞人和其他所謂劣等種族的成員成為了美國人的楷模，他們為建設這個偉大的國家做出了巨大的貢獻。這些新移民也能夠取得同樣的成功。可判斷出作者認為新的移民者可以做得和他們的前輩一樣好。選項B符合題意。

38.細節理解題。根據文章第四段，“TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，可知Tells擔心墨西哥裔美國人可能注定要步美國黑人的后塵，大部分人可能會陷入貧窮和不好的境地。可判斷出Tells認為他們可能永遠貧窮，沒有成就。選項D符合題意。

39.細節理解題。根據文章第五段，“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，可知我們還應該問一些更廣泛的問題，關于同化，關于如何確保人們作為外來者不會永遠被邊緣化。可判斷出我們要幫助新的移民者就是要防止他們被邊緣化。選項C符合題意。

40.作者態度題。根據文章最后一段，“Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.”，可知這是一個比非法移民問題更大的問題，也比如何最好地保衛國土問題更大。這個問題不僅影響新移民，也影響已經在這里生活了的幾代人。結合文章內容，可知這個問題就是如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會。選項B符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

問題1選項

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

問題2選項

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

問題3選項

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據第一段的倒數二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對象。選項A符合原文。

2.細節歸納題。根據第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有時讓別人成為笑話的對象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮。選項B符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知選項C符合原文。

4.細節判斷題。根據第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知選項D符合原文。

5.根據最后一段的內容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認識它，承認我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。選項C符合原文。

4.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問題1選項

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項clarify表示“澄清，闡明”；B選項identify表示“確定，鑒定，識別”；C選項justify表示“證明合法，替……辯護”；D選項magnify表示“方大，贊美，夸大”。

由句意可知，購票者可以在網上購票平臺確定附加費。因此本題正確答案為B選項。

6.單選題

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

問題1選項

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查現在完成時的否定使用。非謂語動詞的否定式通常是就在非謂語動詞之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C選項。句意：這本書寫得不細心，有很多錯誤。在發現有很多錯誤的時候書已經完成了，所以需要使用完成時態，而書本的編撰是由人完成的，需要使用被動語態。因此D選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.

Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.

Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.

Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.

Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.

Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.

1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?

3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.

4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.

5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.

問題1選項

A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakers

B.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivities

C.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollege

D.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason

問題2選項

A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.

B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.

C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.

D.Topromotepublicinterest.

問題3選項

A.speakatalargereception

B.speakontelevision

C.speakaccordingtotheschedule

D.speakwithoutpreparation

問題4選項

A.isveryprofessionalandtactful

B.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematter

C.expressestheboss’sideaofthematter

D.expressestheideasofboth

問題5選項

A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sidea

B.knowverywellwhothespeakeris

C.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpresses

D.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據第一段的內容可知，政治家競選，銷售員推銷，傳教士傳道都是發布公眾演講，甚至是不經常演講的人，比如剛畢業的學生，教會俱樂部或其他機構成員也都做過公眾演講。幾乎每個人都或多或少會在公共場合發言，而那些表現出色的人往往會成為領導者。由此可知，公眾演講是普通人所熟知的是因為大多數人都是公眾演講的觀眾。選項B符合原文。

2.根據第二段的內容可知，公眾演講的目的有很多，比如向聽眾傳授新思想，或提供有關某個主題的信息；創造一種良好的感覺或娛樂觀眾；試圖說服觀眾接受新觀點,采取某些行動,或者以一種新的方式看世界。總之都是為了公眾利益，而選項B從自己的演講中獲得滿足，在文中沒有提及。

3.根據原文句子可知，“offthecuff”和or前面的“unprepared”應該表并列的關系，所以“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”指毫無準備的演講，選項D正確。

4.根據最后一段的第三句“Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.”雖然演講者表述了演講所需的內容，但是寫稿人有時會對他們雇主所要表達的觀點產生很大的影響。所以選項D符合原文。

5.根據最后一段的最后一句“Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.”無論演講稿是如何準備的，觀眾都會認為它傳達的是演講者的思想和心聲。選項A符合原文。

8.單選題

Theremainingthreequartersofthepopulationwillincurmedicalbillsthatarelessthanwhattheypayforhealthinsurance.

問題1選項

A.receive

B.suffer

C.keep

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。incur在句中是“承受”，A選項receive“接受”；B選項suffer“遭受”；C選項keep“保持”；D選項make“制造，制作”。句意：剩下四分之三的人將遭受醫療費用比他們所交的醫療保險還要低的境遇。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項complement“補足；補充”；B選項flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項flatten“擊敗；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來害處，至少在奉承其對葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來害處。結合此處語境，B選項正確。

10.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進取精神和波瀾壯闊的創新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產黨的面貌發生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領人民進行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發展社會生產力，實現國家現代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

11.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問題1選項

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預備，準備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優先權”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對問題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson（）shetakesit.

問題1選項

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結構。句意：世上沒有生來就想靠別人吃飯的女人，無論是靠父親、丈夫還是兄弟；因為任何一個人這樣做的話，就是將自己置于施舍之人的權利之下。根據句意可知，第一空主要是需要明確from的主語應該是“thebread”，所以應該用單數形式的it來指代，由此可排除選項A和選項C；其次第二空的先行詞是theperson，關系代詞應該用whom，所以選項B正確。

13.單選題

Henevertellsanybodyabouthisplans;hekeepshisown（

）.

問題1選項

A.idea

B.opinion

C.counsel

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。idea“想法，主意，概念”；opinion“觀點”；counsel“建議；勸告”；secret“秘密”。keepone'sowncounsel"將自己意見（或計劃）保密，不暴露自己的意圖"。句意：他從沒告訴過別人他的計劃，他只聽從自己的想法。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthegroundof“以……為理由，因為”；forthesakeof“為了……的利益”；inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”。句意：他認為有些人一出生就可以享受財富、特權和權勢的觀點是錯誤的。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

問題1選項

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據句子結構可知，逗號后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的動詞需要變為非謂語形式，而note與主句主語Shakespeare之間是被動關系，因此，正確答案為D項。句意：看莎士比亞的作品可知，他也是一個多產的短詩作者。

16.翻譯題

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

沒有一個英國人相信從書本能學會工作。他們懷疑一切理論，不管是哲學理論還是其他的。他們是對一切新鮮事物持懷疑態度，并深惡痛絕，除非迫于形勢，他們才認識到新的事物確比舊的事物更有優勢。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亞，只要可能，他們總是依靠他們自己的種族經驗。為了做出決策，英國的政治家們并不參閱歷史的先例，而是首先如實的弄清楚事實的真相；然后依靠自己的常識，而不是他們的大學學習或哲學理論。就英國民族而論，必須承認這種本能的處事方法一向是成功的。

17.單選題

Whenthepressreleasearrivedinourinboxes,weknewwhatwouldhappennext.ANobellaureatehadstatedthatantioxidantsupplements“mayhavecausedmorecancersthantheyhaveprevented.”

Eventhemostfad-friendlysectionsoftheUKmediawereboundtocoverthestory.

Inreality,ProfessorJamesWatsonwasonlyrestatingwhatweatCancerResearchUKhavebeenpointingoutforyears.Largestudieshaverepeatedlyshownthat,withthepossibleexceptionofvitaminD,antioxidantsupplementshavenegligiblepositiveeffectonhealthypeople,atleastintermsofimportantthingssuchaspreventingpeoplegettingcancerordyingprematurely.Andsomesupplements—notablyvitaminsA,Eandbeta-carotene—evenseemtoslightlyraisetheriskofdiseaseandearlydeath.

It’satopicweatCancerResearchUKcomebacktoagainandagainonourscienceblogandonoursocialmediapages.Buthugeswatchesofthepublicremainconvincedthat“antioxidant”isabywordfor“healthy.”

What’ssointerestingabouttheantioxidantmythisitswiderculturalandsocialdimension.Whyisthisperceptionsohardtoshift?Andisthereanythingwecandoaboutit?

Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.Thisisn’tforwantofregulation,andtheAdvertisingStandardsAuthorityhaverepeatedlyupheldcomplaintsaboutadvertsthatmakeunsupportedclaimsaboutantioxidants’benefits.

Butthemuchweakerclaimthataproductmerely“containshighlevelsofantioxidants”leaveshealthclaimsimplicit,andkeepsregulatorsatbay.Abrandof“super-broccoli”—launchedwithmuchapublicspectacleinlate2011—wasbredtocontainhighlevelsofachemicalthatultimately,accordingtotheproduct’swebsite,“boostsourbody’sAntioxidantEnzymelevels.”Sogoodit’scapitalized.

Sotherelentlessdrip-dripofhealthproductadvertising—particularlyagainstabackgroundofcontinualreportsofBritain’sill-health—makesourtrenchantholdontheantioxidantsmythallthemoreunderstandable.Weneedthisstuff,we’retold.

Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.Theactual,proventhingsthatcanreduceourrisksofcancer,heartdisease,diabetes—andalltheotherchronicnastiesthatcomewithanageingpopulation—aresomewhatmoreuninteresting.Don’tsmoke.Stayinshape.Eatabalanceddiet.Limitalcoholintake.Keepactive.Thisishardwork.

Andastheresolution-fillednewyearkicksin,theexcitingprospectofahealthierlifeisreplacedbytherealizationthatbeinghealthyisalong-termproject.Poppingapillinsteadofgoingtothegymisatemptingprospectformanyofus.Confirmatorybiasisapowerfulthing.

ButtheUKpopulationisageing,andlikelytoplaceagreaterburdenontheNHSinfuture.Weoweittoourselves,andthosewillbepayingforourcare,tomakesurewe’reashealthyaspossibleforaslongaspossible.Puttingourfaithinaword,andapill—howevercomfortingitmaysound—todothisforusisamirageandafallacy.Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer,despitewhatwewanttobelieve.

1.ThereferencetoaNobellaureate’scommentonantioxidantsupplementsisto（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaythatleadstopeople’sstrongbeliefinantioxidants?

3.Itcanbeconcludedthatpeople’scollectivebeliefinantioxidantsisNOTbasedon（）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftakingantioxidantsupplements?

問題1選項

A.introduceatopic

B.reinforceanargument

C.enrichthedescription

D.confirmahypothesis

問題2選項

A.Thelackofregulation.

B.Thewidespreadinseminationofmedicalknowledge.

C.The“super-broccoli”story.

D.Theoverwhelminghealthproductcommercials.

問題3選項

A.deeply-rootedculturalperception

B.thecontinualreportsofBritain’sillhealth

C.theexistingprovenknowledge

D.confirmatorybiases

問題4選項

A.Keepingfitmeansbuildingamirage.

B.Antioxidantsprovideapromisingfutureprospect.

C.Keepingfitinvolvesmorethantakingantioxidants.

D.Antioxidantscanhelpstopageing.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.根據文章內容可知,作者在第一段并沒有提出任何觀點,而是通過引用諾貝爾獎獲得者的評論來引出接下來要討論的問題,所以選項A正確。

2.根據第六段第一句“Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.”一個可能原因是,在宣傳各種食品和飲料對健康有益的廣告中,“抗氧化劑”一詞被廣泛使用。選項D符合原文。

3.根據第九段的第一句“Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.”但是,我們集體拒絕吞下科學證據的苦果,可能還有更深層次的原因。這里指人們不愿相信已經證實的科學依據,所以選項C正確。

4.根據最后一段最后一句“Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer...”抗氧化劑并不能延長我們的壽命,也不能預防癌癥。也就是說,保持健康不僅僅是服用抗氧化劑就可以的。選項C符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

18.單選題

Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.

問題1選項

A.thea...the.../

B./...a...the/

C.a...a...the...the

D.the...a...thethe

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。courage是不可數名詞，用the修飾;man是可數名詞，且上文沒有提及過，用不定冠詞修飾;support指從Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修飾；Lord是專有名詞，且獨一無二，用the修飾。因此，選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize資助；補助

C.subscribe申請；預訂D.subordinate使從屬于

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞government和theater，結合四個選項可知，政府對于劇院應該是資助，故該題選擇B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多關于政府資助劇院的必要性的討論。

20.單選題

Nutritional（營養的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.Poorly-nourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowthelessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfromaddedridiculeandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children'sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorly-nourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.（營養物質）Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyoradeprivedenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorovernutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostcriticalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringcertainstagesofearlychildhoodcannotalwaysbereversedwithimproveddietaryintake.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby（）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項

A.Children'sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltothepoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdiseas