書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-天津石油職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Educationisoneofthekey,wordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates‘invest’,ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytext-books—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirth;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"factsandfigures"andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequally,equippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno"illiterates"—ifthetermcanbe,appliedtopeopleswithoutascriptwhileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinnecessaryin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1976,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethinallonknowledgeaccumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofno"juveniledelinquency".Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"aneducationforhischild.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（）

.

2.Theword"interest"inparagraphonemeans（）.

3.Theauthorseems（）

.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

問題1選項

A.TheSignificanceofEducation

B.EducationalInvestmentandItsReturns

C.Education:AComparisonofItsPastandItsPresent

D.EducationintheWilderness

問題2選項

A.capitalprofitgotbackfromtheinvestment

B.thethingsyoungpeopleareinterestedin

C.thewell-educatedandsuccessfulyoungmenandwomen

D.thewell-educatedyoungpeoplewithleadershippotential

問題3選項

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

C.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

D.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

問題4選項

A.somefamiliesnowcanhardlyaffordtosendtheirchildrentoschool

B.everyonetodayhasanequalopportunityineducation

C.every,countryinvestsheavilyineducation

D.wearenotverycertainwhetherpreachersarenecessaryornot

問題5選項

A.Onewithouteducationtodayhasnoopportunities.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinseveralcountriesnow.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:通讀全文可知本文主要是講教育的重要性。選項B，C，D只是文中的部分內容，太過于片面。

第2題:根據第一段“Convinced...togetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.”選項D符合原文。

第3題:根據第二段的最后一句“...sothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequally,equippedforlife.”...所以在這方面每個人都是平等的。作者希望看到每個人都能有一個平等的起點。選項D符合原文。

第4題:根據第三段的第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”以及第四段的第一句“Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.”可知，作者認為每個人都有平等的機會接受教育。

第5題:根據第三段“ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinnecessaryin1642,”我們的義務教育在1642年成為法律，所以選項B我們還沒有確定教育模式錯誤；根據第三段“andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations”義務教育成為法律在許多“文明”國家仍然不存在，所以選項C錯誤；選項D也錯誤，我們的精神面貌在文中只是說和以前不同，沒有說比以前更好。

2.單選題

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

問題1選項

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一個空是考查名稱的辨析，outcome“結果，效果”；logic“原理,邏輯性”；rigidity“嚴格，刻板”；uncertainty“不確定性”；根據句子后半部分的意思可以推斷出第一個空應該填rigidity,表示立場的固執僵化；第二個空是考查動詞的辨析，foreshadow“成為前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（價值，品質，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出賣，背叛（原則或信仰）”，根據句意‘由于威爾遜在最初同意談判以達成協議之后又拒絕讓步妥協，因此，其立場實際的固執僵化總是得以暴露無遺’可知第二個空應該填betrayed，所以C選項正確。

3.單選題

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

問題1選項

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項forwantof“因缺乏”；B選項ingratitudeto“對……感激”；C選項incontactwith“接觸，聯系”；D選項bywayof“通過，經由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一個落后和貧窮的國家，沒有什么可展示的，______科技創新或技術成就。西方人認為印度因為在科技上沒有什么創新和成就，所以沒什么可拿出來看的，橫線處和withverylittletoshow屬于因果關系，A選項forwantof“因缺乏”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（

）.

問題1選項

A.personality

B.temperament

C.interest

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日兩國文化有許多共同的特點，但兩國都根據各自的國情發揮了這些特點。Nationaltemperament指“國情”，為常用搭配。選項B正確。

5.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項resemble“類似”；B選項share“共用”；C選項contrast“對比；對照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發現，動物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項“what”以及B選項“that”不能引導非限定制性定語從句，故排除A，B選項。選項D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導非限定性定語從句，故排除。因此選項C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項assumed“假設；（承擔）責任”；B選項guessed“猜想”；C選項justified“調整；證明……正當”；D選項reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對動物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關重要的作用，可推測此處應填研究者的推論，B選項guess指的是毫無根據僅憑個人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項animal’s“動物，動物世界；牲畜”；B選項humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學科”；D選項human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨一無二的人類，判斷出此處D選項正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bond“紐帶”；B選項ties“結”；C選項affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項joint“關節；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項detected“檢測到的”。根據下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）。可知B選項正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項Becauseofthis“因為這個”；D選項Therefore“因此”。由上文“當嬰兒與母親分開時，他們會發出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨可識別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測A選項正確。

8.考查動詞詞義。A選項supply“供給，提供；補充”；B選項help“幫助”；C選項get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項serve“招待，供應”。根據find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項“serve”所提供的服務是虛擬的，A選項“supply”所提供的服務是現實的，可知A選項正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項Conversely“相反地”；B選項Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項Comparatively“比較地；相當地”。聯系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語），可知C項正確。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項altered“改變，改動，修改”；B選項modified“修改；更改”；C選項revised“修改；校訂；復習”；D選項adapted“使適應，改編”。根據上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項modified強調細小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項adapted（適應，改編）符合題意，D選項正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫寧根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【參考譯文】

香蕉作為一項重大收入來源，同時又是數百萬人的營養供給源，因此巴拿馬病毒成為當前的一個大問題。全球盛產香蕉的國家有135個。聯合國將香蕉，水稻，小麥和玉米列為最重要的作物。香蕉還富含一種能使人感到愉悅的化學物質。

42.【參考譯文】

普羅慈說如果疾病擴散至拉丁美洲，它將威脅到世界經濟以及數百萬人的食品供應。他說，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亞科學家們正研究可抵御巴拿馬疾病的轉基因香蕉，但是普羅慈認為人們是否能接受轉基因香蕉仍然是一個問題。

43.【參考譯文】

荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學的研究人員正在尋找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種，這是一項艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新品種香蕉需抵抗巴拿馬疾病并能經得起長時間運輸。因為香蕉需運輸到幾千公里外的市場。當然，得嘗起來美味。

7.單選題

Sheonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.coincided

C.constituted

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞搭配。merge“合并,吞沒”;coincide“一致,符合,同時發生”;constitute“組成,構成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾經與另一位音樂家合作創作了一首流行樂曲。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

You’llhavetochangeyour（

）oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

問題1選項

A.form

B.mold

C.mood

D.mode

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。form意為“形狀，形式”；mold意為“模型，壓模”；mood意為“心情”；mode意為“方式，風格，樣式”。由changeyour____oflife（改變你的生活____）可知D選項最符合邏輯，modeoflife表示“生活方式”。

句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必須改變你的生活方式。

9.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart.excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography'sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonorPoppaintingduringthe1960's.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity——inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,the19lbcenturydefendersofphotographystressedthatphotographywas（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someseriouscontemporaryphotographersmaketheclaimthattheirphotographs

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

B.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

C.anartcomparabletopainting

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts

問題3選項

A.areexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld

B.canbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhocoulddevotetotheactivity

C.areimportantbecauseofthesubjectbutnottheresponsesoftheviewers

D.exhibitthesameprinciplesusedinpainting

問題4選項

A.contemporaryartacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansasart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modernartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目提問‘在這篇文章中，作者主要關心的是……？’根據第一段中“Throughoutthenineteenthcentury，thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.整個19世紀，攝影的辯護都是力爭將攝影確定為藝術”和第二段中“Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.具有諷刺意味的是，雖然已經確鑿無疑被認為是一種藝術，但許多攝影家認為把攝影稱之為美的藝術是矯揉造作或名不副實的。”以及全文在講“在不同的歷史背景下，當代嚴肅的攝影師對攝影是藝術的態度”確定C選項“說明當代嚴肅的攝影師對攝影作為藝術的態度，并把這些態度放在他們的歷史的背景中”正確。

2.細節事實題。題目提問‘據作者說，19世紀攝影的捍衛者強調攝影是……？’根據第一段中“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.為了反駁攝影是對現實的沒有靈魂的機械復制的指責，攝影家斷言：恰恰相反，攝影是觀看事物的一種特有形式，是對普通視覺的一種背離，是一種與繪畫有同樣價值的藝術。”確定C選項“一種堪比繪畫的藝術”正確。

3.細節事實題。題目提問‘根據這篇文章，一些嚴肅的當代攝影師聲稱他們的照片……？’根據第二段中“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自己——但絕不是在創作藝術作品。”確定A選項“是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子”正確。

4.細節事實題。題目提問‘從文章中可以推斷，作者最可能認為嚴肅的當代攝影是一個……？’根據第二段中“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.它表明了他們對現代主義勝利強加給他們的藝術概念是多么地想當然：藝術越好，它對傳統藝術目標的顛覆性就越大。”確定D選項“一種現代藝術，顯示了試圖顛覆藝術盛行的現代主義趨勢”正確。

10.單選題

Thesingerusedtoplaybadmintonwithyou,（）?

問題1選項

A.didn’the

B.usedhe

C.didhe

D.goneoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查反義疑問句。陳述部分的謂語是usedto，疑問部分要用didn't+主語或usedn’t+主語。所以只有選項A正確。

11.單選題

Inthatwar-torncountry,homelessorphanchildren’splightisquite（）.

問題1選項

A.deceptive

B.perceptive

C.pathetic

D.perpetual

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。deceptive欺詐的；perceptive感知的；pathetic可憐的；perpetual永久的。句意：在那個飽受戰爭摧殘的國家里，無家可歸的孤兒的處境十分悲慘。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,（）

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,（）

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

問題3選項

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

問題4選項

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

問題5選項

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據第一段，當一個人帶著傳統的養老金離開工作崗位時，他會有一定金額的養老金。選項D正確。

第2題:根據第五段的第二句，相反，你可以根據雇主的決定得到5%左右的精算減值。選項C正確。

第3題:根據最后一段，當你提前退休并制定固定繳款計劃時，問題是你開始把錢花在可以賺取利息的投資上，如果你在55歲退休，開始使用傳統的養老金，到65歲時，你將只有你一直工作到65歲時的一半。選項A正確。

第4題:根據最后三段的內容可知，主要是講提前退休將會損失更多，所以選項C正確。

第5題:根據第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以選項B錯誤。

13.單選題

Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe（

）ofthecampgrounds.

問題1選項

A.solidarity

B.tranquility

C.equanimity

D.propinquity

【答案】B

【解析】solidarity團結；tranquility寧靜，平靜；equanimity鎮定；propinquity接近，鄰近。句意：一連串的步槍射擊打破了營地的寧靜。選項B符合語境。

14.單選題

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

問題1選項

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項pickup“撿起；獲得；收拾”；B選項setaside“留出；駁回，撤銷；不顧”；C選項disposeof“處理；轉讓；解決；吃光；除掉；賣掉”；D選項takeoff“起飛；脫下；離開；突然成功”。句意：養狗人必須用公園內提供的容器處理狗的排泄物。A選項pickup應該更側重于撿起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而題干中說到了在容器內，在容器內處理狗狗的排泄物更適合，因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

問題1選項

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此時；值此之際”。句意：在此時難以預測這家公司的未來。A選項正確。

16.單選題

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

問題1選項

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B選項fierce“兇猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C選項fatal“致命的；重大的；毀滅性的；命中注定的”；D選項mortal“凡人的；致死的；終有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我們必須認識到，所有生物都是終有一死的。故選D。

17.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthe