書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與decrease相反，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內(nèi)容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應(yīng)該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fight“與……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢(qián)），可知前面是花錢(qián)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上，因此financeawar符合題意。

5.考查詞組辨析。carryout“實(shí)施”；carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryaway“運(yùn)走，使失去自制力”。與socialprogram搭配的動(dòng)詞詞組是carryout，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政赤字”為固定搭配，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expand“擴(kuò)張”；spend“度過(guò)，花費(fèi)”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴(kuò)大紙幣供應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務(wù)”的固定搭配，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。excessively“過(guò)分地”；automatically“自動(dòng)地”；timely“及時(shí)地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”。空格處所在句子的大意是：貨幣供應(yīng)量的增加將會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨幣價(jià)值自動(dòng)下降。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對(duì)后者具體的舉例說(shuō)明，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.考查詞義辨析。plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”；satisfy“滿足，說(shuō)服”；supply“供給，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會(huì)以更高的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”，to表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認(rèn)為快銷產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。demand后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動(dòng)詞increase之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)式，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費(fèi)用”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消費(fèi)者，用戶”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“經(jīng)理，管理人員”。空格處所在句子的大意是：生產(chǎn)方為滿足要求會(huì)將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費(fèi)者身上，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來(lái)，總之”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹問(wèn)題），四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A與D都有“導(dǎo)致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；excessive“過(guò)多的”。文章講述了導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的三個(gè)因素，第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

TheOlympicGamescanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes.TheGreekslikedallkindsofsports,becausesportsmadethebodystrong.ThegameswereheldeveryfouryearsandhundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredonvastflatlandstoappreciatethecompetitionbetweenathletesfromallpartsofGreece.Theeventsincludedrunning,wrestling,andhorseraces.Therewereeventsforbothadultsandchildren.Inmostofthegames,adultsandchildrenworelittleornoclothing.Instead,oilwasspreadoverthebody.Thetrophywasalaurelmadeofoliveleaves.Itwasthegreatesthonortobecrownedwithalaurel.

Hardworkenablesmetosurvivethemostdifficulttimeinmylifeabroad,duringmyfirstfewemployments.However,afterIjoinedmycurrentcompany,myworkaholicwassoonchallengedbymyboss.WhenIcalledhimathomeafterofficehoursforbusinesspurpose,hepolitelyremindedmethathepreferredtalkingaboutworkwithmelaterintheoffice.Whentheholidayseasonapproached,healwaysaskedmetoschedulemyleavebeforehand.Hetalkedwithmeabouthisholidayandalsoenquiredaboutmine.Forhimleaveistheright,butalsoaneed.

【答案】奧運(yùn)會(huì)可以追溯到古代。希臘人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)能讓身體強(qiáng)壯。奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年一次，成千上萬(wàn)的人聚集在廣闊的平地上來(lái)觀看希臘各地運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間的比賽。比賽項(xiàng)目包括跑步、摔跤和賽馬。成人和兒童的項(xiàng)目都有。在大部分比賽中，成人和兒童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦滿油。獎(jiǎng)杯是用橄欖葉做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的榮譽(yù)。

在我最初的幾次工作中，努力工作讓我度過(guò)了在國(guó)外生活的最困難時(shí)期。然而，在我加入現(xiàn)在的公司后，我的工作狂行為受到了自己老板的挑戰(zhàn)。每當(dāng)我下班后跟他打電話談?wù)摴ぷ鲿r(shí)，他禮貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班時(shí)間跟我討論。臨近假期時(shí)，他總是讓我提前安排假期。他經(jīng)常和我談?wù)撍募倨冢泊蚵?tīng)我的假期。對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，放假是一種權(quán)利，也是一種必要。

3.單選題

Itwas（

）wehadhoped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.muchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配morethan“超過(guò)……”，可排除選項(xiàng)C和D。又因?yàn)閣ehadhoped是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以用morethan+句子，表示“超過(guò)……”。句意：這是一次超過(guò)預(yù)期的成功。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Thedog（）therabbitbutcouldnotcatchit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ceased

B.chained

C.checked

D.chased

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ceased“停止”。B選項(xiàng)chained“束縛，囚禁”。C選項(xiàng)checked“檢查，查核”。D選項(xiàng)chased“追逐，追趕”。句意：狗追趕兔子，但是逮不著它。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管有好幾百?gòu)堅(jiān)嚲?但我可以毫不猶豫地找出他的試卷,因?yàn)樗墓P跡很獨(dú)特。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

IV.(CriminalLaw)

Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.

Animportantissueinthisdebateiswhethercapitalpunishmentdetersmurders.Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.Ehrlich’sregressionresults,usingU.S.aggregatetime-seriesfor1933-1969andstatelevelcross-sectionaldatafor1940and1950,suggestasignificantdeterrenteffect,whichsharplycontrastswithearlierfindings.ThepolicyimportanceoftheresearchinthisareaisborneoutbytheconsiderablepublicattentionthatEhrlich’sworkhasreceived.TheSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,forexample,introducedEhrlich’sfindingstotheSupremeCourt,insupportofcapitalpunishment.

CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.

Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.Mostoftheexistingstudiesuseeithertime-seriesorcross-sectiondata.Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.Anydeterrencefromanexecutionshouldaffectthecrimerateonlyintheexecutingstate.Aggregationdilutessuchdistincteffects.Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem,buttheirstaticformulationprecludesanyconsiderationofthedynamicsofcrime,lawenforcement,andjudicialprocesses.Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.

HashemDezhbakhshandPaulH.Rubin:“DoesCapitalPunishmentHaveaDeterrentEffect?”

63.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatintheUS___.

64.Whichofthefollowinggroupofpeoplethoughtthatcapitalpunishmenthadnodeterrenteffect?

65.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

66.Inthe4thparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theexecutivebranchisinoppositeopinionwiththelegislatureatthestatelevelregardingdeathpenalty

B.severalstatesareconsideringreinstatethedeathpenalty

C.Oklahomadecidedtosuspenddeathpenaltyfortwoyears

D.somestates’legislaturehasalsocalledforresearchoncancellationofcapitalsentence

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Economistsandcriminologists

B.Psychologistsandcriminologists

C.Psychologistsandeconomists

D.EconomistsandEhrlich

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ehrlich’sfindingcausedotherstoanalyzethedeterrenceeffectofdeathpenalty.

B.ManypeopleusedEhrlich’sdataintheiranalysisbutinadifferentway.

C.Thefindingofothers’researchwassimilar.

D.Ehrlichprovidedanequationinhisanalysis.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.crosssectionalstudiesaremoresensitivetoaggregation

B.time-seriesdataarenotinfluencedbyaggregation

C.unobservedheterogeneitycannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation

D.dataissuehadnotbeenpaidenoughattentionasitshouldbe

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段末ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.（內(nèi)布拉斯加州和伊利諾伊州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁進(jìn)行類似的研究。然而，在馬薩諸塞州，眾議院投票否決了州長(zhǎng)支持的恢復(fù)死刑的法案）可知行政部門(mén)與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于死刑的意見(jiàn)會(huì)有分歧，選A選項(xiàng)“在死刑問(wèn)題上，行政部門(mén)與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)持相反意見(jiàn)”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁研究取消死刑”錯(cuò)誤，一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)不贊同取消；B選項(xiàng)“若干國(guó)家正在考慮恢復(fù)死刑”在第一段未涉及；第一段Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.（其他十個(gè)州去年也至少考慮過(guò)暫停。該組織包括俄克拉荷馬州，該州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)很快將考慮一項(xiàng)法案，要求暫停執(zhí)行死刑兩年，并成立一個(gè)特別工作組來(lái)研究死刑的有效性）可知C選項(xiàng)“俄克拉荷馬州決定死刑緩期兩年執(zhí)行”錯(cuò)誤，俄克拉荷馬州只是考慮，并不是決定執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.（最初研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題的心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒(méi)有威懾作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們以埃利希的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作加入了這場(chǎng)辯論）可知最初是心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒(méi)有威懾作用，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們隨后加入辯論，選B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”；A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”，C選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家”以及D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和埃利希”不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.（與最高法院對(duì)該問(wèn)題的審議一致，埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)激發(fā)了對(duì)威懾的計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析的興趣，導(dǎo)致許多研究使用了他的數(shù)據(jù)，但回歸規(guī)格不同——不同的回歸者或內(nèi)生變量與外生變量的不同選擇）可知A選項(xiàng)“埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了其他人對(duì)死刑威懾效應(yīng)的分析”，B選項(xiàng)“很多人在他們的分析中使用了埃利希的數(shù)據(jù)，但是是以不同的方式”正確；第三段第二句ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.（這些研究結(jié)果綜合對(duì)埃利希的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量公式進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了參數(shù)的重要性）可知C選項(xiàng)“其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的”錯(cuò)誤，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的，D選項(xiàng)“埃利希在他的分析中提供了一個(gè)方程”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.（另一方面，數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題受到的關(guān)注要少得多）可知作者第一句話就表明觀點(diǎn)——研究分析中所利用的數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有被給予足夠的重視，接下來(lái)作者論述大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的研究使用的都是時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)或截面數(shù)據(jù)，這兩種數(shù)據(jù)都各有弊端，選D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的重視”；第四段Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem（橫斷面研究對(duì)這一問(wèn)題不太敏感）可知A選項(xiàng)“橫斷面研究對(duì)聚集更敏感”錯(cuò)誤；第四段Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.（使用國(guó)家時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)的研究受到聚集問(wèn)題的影響）可知B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)不受聚合影響”錯(cuò)誤；第四段Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.（此外，橫斷面研究受到未觀察到的異質(zhì)性的影響，這在沒(méi)有時(shí)間變化的情況下是無(wú)法控制的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在沒(méi)有時(shí)間變化的情況下，無(wú)法控制未觀察到的異質(zhì)性”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Justasabookisoftenjudged（）bythequalityandappearanceofitscover,apersonisjudgedimmediatelybyhisappearance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.uniquely

C.outwardly

D.initially

【答案】C

【解析】previously倉(cāng)促地；uniquely獨(dú)特地；outwardly表面上,外觀上地；initially最初。句意：就像根據(jù)一本書(shū)的封面來(lái)判斷質(zhì)量一樣,判斷一個(gè)人也是根據(jù)他的外表立馬進(jìn)行判斷。

8.單選題

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso（）thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】trivial微不足道的,平凡的;fatal致命的,毀滅性的;tentative嘗試性的;feeble微弱的,軟弱的。句意：將我們維系在一起共同行動(dòng)的紐帶是不牢靠的,隨時(shí)都會(huì)消失。

9.單選題

NewmineralresourcesmaybediscoveredduringtheforthcomingAntarctic（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursion

B.execution

C.extraction

D.expedition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excursion“遠(yuǎn)足；短程旅行；游覽”；B選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行；完成；死刑”；C選項(xiàng)extraction“取出；拔出；抽出物”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“探險(xiǎn)；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)；考察”。句意：新的礦產(chǎn)資源可能在即將來(lái)臨的南極探險(xiǎn)期間被發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句中“Antarctic南極的”可知“探險(xiǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whenherealizedhehadbeen（）tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elicited

B.excited

C.deduced

D.induced

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己上當(dāng)欺騙，被

簽約時(shí)，他威脅說(shuō)要通過(guò)法律程序終止協(xié)議。

elicit引出，探出；excite為……感到興奮；deduce推論，演繹；induce引誘，誘導(dǎo)。A項(xiàng)elicited雖然語(yǔ)義上符合句意，但是elicited形容主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般為主動(dòng)形式，這里是被動(dòng)，所以排除。

11.單選題

Corporationsandlaborunionshave（

）greatbenefitsupontheiremployeesandmembersaswellasuponthegeneralpublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conferred

B.granted

C.flung

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:公司和工會(huì)已經(jīng)給它們的員工、會(huì)員以及大眾了許多的福利。

confer:授予（稱號(hào)、學(xué)位、權(quán)力等），賦予;grant:同意，承認(rèn)，準(zhǔn)予;flungifling的過(guò)去分詞，揮動(dòng)，猛沖;submit提交，服從，呈遞。

12.單選題

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)人在遺傳能力和表達(dá)這些能力的有利環(huán)境方面都有獨(dú)特的差異，所以我們必須廣義地定義成功。”由此可知環(huán)境和能力是成功的必要因素。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨過(guò)自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些內(nèi)心平靜的可憐的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人與家人一起在大自然的美景中享受簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起來(lái)?yè)碛胸S富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，他們中的許多人似乎是悲慘的，當(dāng)以他們自己的成功目標(biāo)來(lái)判斷時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為自己是不成功的。可知富人認(rèn)為自己不成功是因?yàn)閺乃麄冏约旱哪繕?biāo)來(lái)衡量時(shí)并不夠富有。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顧問(wèn)補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“你并沒(méi)有真正失敗，也沒(méi)有破壞你成功的機(jī)會(huì)，直到你在你真正喜歡的事情上失敗了，并為此付出了最大的努力。可知D項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要第一段講述了成功的定義，第二段和第三段分別舉例說(shuō)明什么是成功。故A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Ahighofficialislikelytowinrespectandtrustifhecansticktohisprinciples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnto

B.addto

C.keepto

D.leadto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Stickto表示“堅(jiān)持”；A項(xiàng)turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向，變成”，B項(xiàng)addto“加入，加到”，C項(xiàng)keepto“堅(jiān)持，遵守”，D項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”。句意：一個(gè)高級(jí)官員如果能堅(jiān)持自己的原則，就很可能贏得尊重和信任。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ataboutthesametime,doctorsbegantounderstand______together.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichwentdirtanddisease

B.whatwentdirtanddisease

C.thatdirtanddiseasewent

D.thatdiddirtanddiseasego

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：大約在同一時(shí)間，醫(yī)生們開(kāi)始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本從句成分完整，不需要用先行詞作從句成分，故先行詞用that，從句時(shí)態(tài)和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故用過(guò)去式，所以C選項(xiàng)thatdirtanddiseasewent符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Asystemofstrictdisciplinehasa(n)（

）effectonconduct.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automatic

B.deliberate

C.customary

D.beneficial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。automatic“自動(dòng)的，必然的”；deliberate“故意的”；customary“通常的，習(xí)慣的”；beneficial“有益的，有利的”。句意：嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律制度對(duì)行為的影響是有益的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Youcandoitifyouwantto,butinmyopinionit’snotworththe（）itinvolves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.force

B.trial

C.attempt

D.effort

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。force力量；trial試驗(yàn)，審訊；attempt企圖，試圖；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看來(lái)，它不值得你為之付出努力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

17.單選題

Iwasverypleased（）theroomyouprovided（）me.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A./,to

B./,for

C.with,to

D.with,for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。bepleasedwith“對(duì)……感到滿意”；providesth.forsb.“向某人提供某物”。句意：我對(duì)你為我提供的房間非常滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Youwillhavetochangeyouroflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mode

B.mound

C.mood

D.form

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)moden.模式，方式，風(fēng)格；B選項(xiàng)moundn.高地；土堆；土丘；C選項(xiàng)moodn.語(yǔ)氣，情緒，心境；D選項(xiàng)formn.形式，形態(tài)，模式，表格。根據(jù)句意，現(xiàn)在有了孩子就應(yīng)該改變自己的生活方式。因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

19.單選題

Thelaughterathisjokesisneverforced,butalways（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.spontaneous

D.instantaneous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。homogeneous意為“同性質(zhì)的，同類的”；simultaneous意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生的，同時(shí)存在的”；spontaneous意為“自發(fā)的”；instantaneous意為“瞬間的”。

句意：他講笑話時(shí)人們從來(lái)不是被迫笑的，而是自發(fā)的笑。

20.單選題

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingbecauseitinvolvesdisassemblingtheDNAmoleculeandthenrecombiningorsplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.Thegene-splicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbythisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulin（胰島素）andinterferon（干擾素）cheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdrugstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesanddangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

13.Theword“alleviate”(Para.2)isnearestinmeaningto_____.

14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.

15.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段的中心句倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicing…“這種新進(jìn)展通常被稱為重組DNA技術(shù)或基因剪接”，由此可知，這里提到基因重組技術(shù)是科技發(fā)展的一種新進(jìn)展。第二段主要講的是這種新技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和潛在的問(wèn)題，由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)，基因工程的新進(jìn)展”。

A選項(xiàng)“基因工程的基本功能”，這是文章第一段的主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”，文章沒(méi)有提到基因工程拓展到了哪些領(lǐng)域，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)發(fā)展的前景和危險(xiǎn)”，這是文章第二段的主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

A選項(xiàng)“它能給生命形式帶來(lái)迅速而徹底的基因變化”，定位到第一段第七句話However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast“然而，新技術(shù)使之成為可能。使科學(xué)家能夠重組DNA分子本身，從而獲得比過(guò)去更快速、更徹底的基因變化”，從這里可知A選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選。

B選項(xiàng)“它可以用來(lái)重組DNA分子，以產(chǎn)生新的所需的植物和動(dòng)物品種”，定位到第一段第四句Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.（通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程，科學(xué)家們真的可以建造新的生命形式來(lái)執(zhí)行所需的功能），從這里可知B選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句話Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.“基因剪接可能產(chǎn)生新的致病微生物，對(duì)我們或我們所依賴的動(dòng)植物都是致命的”，從這里可知C選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“它被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題：第一步，句中前后信息銜接，定位到第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.“轉(zhuǎn)基因作物能夠抵抗害蟲(chóng)、疾病和干旱，這對(duì)（）世界各地的饑餓具有重要意義”，作物抗蟲(chóng)抗病抗旱會(huì)使產(chǎn)量增加，從而對(duì)世界饑餓起到緩解作用，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“緩解，減輕”。

B選項(xiàng)“避免”，應(yīng)該是人想辦法避免饑餓主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，但是句子的主語(yǔ)是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物，這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“消滅”，消滅饑餓太過(guò)于絕對(duì)，饑餓問(wèn)題不只是糧食產(chǎn)量造成的，戰(zhàn)亂或者貧窮都會(huì)造成饑餓，所以不能選C選項(xiàng)，這里屬于曲解原文。

D選項(xiàng)“終止”，D選項(xiàng)與C選項(xiàng)同義，根據(jù)C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)也不能選，這里屬于曲解原文。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句話Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.（改變?nèi)祟惢蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)的可能性引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的道德、政治和社會(huì)問(wèn)題），第二步聯(lián)系上下文，上文講的是基因重組的好處。好處和壞處一起作用，自然會(huì)造成一種困境，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)它被用來(lái)修改人類遺傳密碼時(shí)，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的困境”。

A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用，必然會(huì)有激烈的爭(zhēng)論”，文章沒(méi)有提到重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“在人類身上使用重組DNA技術(shù)將被禁止”，文章只是說(shuō)用在人類身上會(huì)產(chǎn)生