書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-四川鐵道職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)（

）diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.

問題1選項

A.effective

B.infectious

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項effective“有效的，起作用的”；B選項infectious“傳染的”；C選項coherent“連貫的，一致的”；D選項inherent“固有的，內在的”。

句意：醫生告訴學生傳染病是一種可以從一個人傳染給另一個人的疾病。infectiousdisease意為“傳染病”，所以選項B正確。

2.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復傷害自己的行為，卻認為這是有益的。選項B符合原文。

2.根據第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因為沒有情感的世界里根本不存在獎懲,所以人們無法學習。反之,如果因為做了正確的事情而得到了獎勵,那么人們就可能會學習。所以選項A符合原文內容。

3.根據第一段的倒數第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會的經濟基礎將被摧毀:因為沒有任何形式的激勵。所以,社會經濟基礎依賴于享受激勵的能力。選項C正確。

4.根據第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項B符合原文。

5.根據原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構造了世界。作為個體，我們會根據自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應周圍的世界，選項D符合原文。

3.單選題

Thequestionofethicsinthelegalprofessionisonethathasplaguedtheindustrysinceitsinception.Thecommonimageofanattorneyisonewhowillresorttoanyunethicaltrickto（1）thelawstofithispurposes.Inthemorespecificindustryofcriminallaw,defenseattorneysareoftencriticizedforadvocating（2）defendantswhoare“obviouslyguilty,”thusbecomingroadblocksonthepathto（3）.Muchtothecontrary,（4）,defenseattorneysprovideavaluableservicethatshouldearnthempraise,notscorn.

Whileitistruethateverylawyerwilldoeverything（5）tointerpretthelawsinthemannermostbeneficialtohisclient,suchacharacterizationis（6）limitedtodefenseattorneys.Theprosecutorwilldothesamething,employingallhislegalknowledgeandknow-howtoestablishtheguiltofthedefendant.（7）,thevaguenatureofthelawishighlighted,anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool（8）,ontheassumptionthattheothersidewillalsouseeverytoolathis.Thenetresultemergesasapositive,（9）thetricksoftheopposingattorneycanceloneanotherout,leavingonlythetruth,clearerand（10）manipulation,（11）thejury’sconsideration.

Further,thedefenseattorneyisavitalelementoftheAmericanjudicialsystem,（12）withouthimthedefendantwouldstandnochancewhatsoever.Undertheconstitution,eventhemost“obviousguilty”defendants（13）therighttoafairtrial,involvingsomeoneableandwillingtoadvocateonhisbehalf.Ofcourse,therearebadapplesintheindustrywhoare（14）andcarenothingforactualjustice,and（15）onlyconcernsaretheirwallets.Generallyspeaking,however,without（16）,thesystemwouldcrumbleintoameremachineinwhichdefendantsareassumedguilty,withoutachancetoargueorprove（17）,andmanyinnocentpeople（18）withcrimeswouldbeseverelypunishedfortransgressionsthattheydidn’tcommit.

ItisabasicfactthattheadversarialsystemofjusticeintheUnitedStatesisnecessaryinordertoensure（19）andmostunbiasedpresentationandevaluationofthefactspossible.Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout,and（20）alossofthecivillibertiesthatthenationenjoysandtreasures.Tothatend,allofthosewhomakethatprocessareality,includingdefenseattorneys,deserveoursupportandadmiration,notoursuspicionanddisdain.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.break

C.twist

D.adopt

問題2選項

A.atbehalfof

B.atthebehalfof

C.onbehalfof

D.onthebehalfof

問題3選項

A.civilliberties

B.justice

C.transgression

D.ethics

問題4選項

A.thus

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.however

問題5選項

A.beyondhispower

B.inpower

C.athispower

D.withinhispower

問題6選項

A.bynomeans

B.byanymeans

C.byallmeans

D.bywhatmeans

問題7選項

A.Inonerespect

B.Inthisrespect

C.Insomerespects

D.Innorespect

問題8選項

A.attheirdisposal

B.attheirdisposals

C.athisdisposal

D.athisdisposals

問題9選項

A.atwhich

B.onwhich

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題10選項

A.fullof

B.fullwith

C.devoidof

D.devoidfrom

問題11選項

A.presentingfor

B.presentedfor

C.presentingto

D.presentedto

問題12選項

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題13選項

A.willguarantee

B.guarantee

C.willbeguaranteed

D.areguaranteed

問題14選項

A.ethical

B.unethical

C.guilty

D.unbiased

問題15選項

A.what

B.who

C.whose

D.where

問題16選項

A.defenseattorneys

B.prosecutors

C.theconstitution

D.defendants

問題17選項

A.further

B.nevertheless

C.otherwise

D.though

問題18選項

A.arefalselycharged

B.werefalselycharged

C.beingfalselycharged

D.falselycharged

問題19選項

A.afair

B.afairer

C.thefairest

D.thefair

問題20選項

A.willresultin

B.wouldresultin

C.willresultat

D.wouldresultat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動詞詞義辨析。obey“服從”；break“打破”；twist“扭曲”；adopt“采取”。句意：律師給人的普遍印象是，不惜使用任何不道德違背法律的手段去達到自己的目的。選項C符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。onbehalfof“代表，為了”，為固定搭配。沒有A、C、D搭配，可排除。句意：辯護律師經常因為代表“明顯有罪”的被告進行辯護而受到批評。選項C符合題意。

（3）邏輯關系。civilliberties“公民自由”；justice“公平，正義”；transgression“海侵，犯罪”；ethics“倫理學”。通過關鍵詞“thusbecomingroadblocks”，可知律師這樣的做法在公平正義的道路上成為了一種障礙，所以空格中應該填入正義。選項B符合題意。

（4）邏輯關系。thus“因此”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且”；however“然而”。根據空格前的tothecontrary可知，下文提到的內容將與前文相反，構成轉折關系，所以用轉折連詞however，選項D符合題意。

（5）固定搭配。beyondhispower“超出其權力”；inpower“執政，掌權”；沒有athispower這種搭配，選項C可排除。withinhispower“在權力范圍之內”。句意：然而，事實是每個律師都會盡一切努力在自己的權力范圍內以對他的當事人最有利的方式來闡述法律。選項D符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。bynomeans“決不”；byanymeans“無論如何”；byallmeans“盡一切辦法”；bywhatmeans“用什么辦法”。句意：這樣的特征決不僅限于辯護律師，而是符合所有律師。選項A符合題意。

（7）固定搭配。Inonerespect“在某個方面”；Inthisrespect“在這方面”；Insomerespects“在一些方面”；Innorespect“毫不，完全不”。句意：檢察官也會這樣做，利用自己所知道的法律知識來判定被告有罪。在這個方面，法律的不明確性得到了強調。選項B符合題意。

（8）語法題。根據上文“anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool”，可知每一方都必須使用每一種工具。所以是指公訴人和律師兩方，應該用復數their。根據固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，可知disposal用單數。選項A符合題意。

（9）語法題。根據題意，空格引導的句子為非限制性定語從句，因為inthisresult“在這種結果下”，所以用inwhich引導，在定語從句中作狀語。句意：在這種結果下，對方律師的詭計互相抵消，只留下真相。選項C符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。fullof“充滿”；devoidof“缺乏”，沒有B和D項搭配，可排除。句意：只留下真相，更清晰并且不可操控。選項C符合題意。

（11）固定搭配和語法。presentfor“遞交給……”；presentto“贈送，給予”。根據文章thejury’sconsideration，最終結果要求陪審團共同考慮，所以證據要被遞交給陪審團考慮，要用動詞的-ed分詞，選項B符合題意。

（12）邏輯關系?？崭袂耙痪涮岬奖桓孓q護人是美國司法體系最重要的一個部分，空格后提到沒有被告辯護人，被告就沒有任何機會。所以后一句是前一句的原因解釋。inthat后接原因，選項A符合題意。

（13）邏輯關系和語法。根據句意：即使是最明顯的被告也被保證有權得到公正的審判。所以應該用被動語態，選項A和B可排除。這里是對憲法保證公平審判的事實，不需要用將來時態。選項D符合題意。

（14）形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“倫理的，道德的”；unethical“不道德的”；guilty“有罪的，內疚的”；unbiased“公正的”。句意：這個行業里面有些害群之馬，這些人沒有職業道德，并且不關心實際的公正。選項B符合題意。

（15）語法題。根據文章意思，空格引導的句子應該是一個非限制性定語從句，用來修飾上文提到的那些害群之馬，根據名詞concerns可知，關系代詞應該用whose在定語從句中作定語。句意：那些人的關注點只在他們的錢包上。選項C符合題意。

（16）邏輯關系。根據上下文，可知這里是指沒有被告辯護律師，這一體系將崩潰為一個簡單的機器，在這個機器里，被告被假定有罪。選項A符合題意。

（17）邏輯關系。further“而且，更遠地”；nevertheless“然而，不過”；otherwise“另外，否則”；though“雖然，盡管”。句意：否則，被告將無機會去辯論或證明。選項C符合題意。

（18）語法題。根據空格前的people可知，空格應該作后置定語修飾people，因為無辜的人們是被指控的，所以存在被動關系，用動詞的-ed分詞作后置定語。選項D符合題意。

（19）語法題。根據空格后mostunbiased用到了最高級，可知and前的空格也相應地要用最高級。選項C符合題意。

（20）語法題。根據文章，“Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout”，可知沒有辯護律師，這一制度將無法實施。所以是做出了沒有辯護律師的假定，可推斷下文空格會用到虛擬語氣。woulddo表示對現在的虛擬，句意：將會導致喪失國家享有和珍視的公民自由。又根據固定搭配resultin“導致”，選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifeverybodyhasarrivedthemeetingmay（

）now.

問題1選項

A.commence

B.criticize

C.comment

D.conclude

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。commence“開始；著手”；criticize“批評；評論”；comment“發表評論”；conclude“推斷；斷定”。句意：如果每個人都到了，那會議就開始了。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Ifanobjectissuspendedfromanpointontheverticallinepassingthroughitscenterofgravity,theobjectwillremain（）.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.flexible

C.stationary

D.mobile

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果一個物體從通過其重心的垂直線上的一個點上懸停,該物體將保持靜止。選項C符合語境。

6.單選題

Youcanalwaysuse（）glassifyouneedtoblockastreetview.

問題1選項

A.convertible

B.decorous

C.opaque

D.salient

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項convertible“可改變的；可轉換的；可兌換的”；B選項decorous“禮貌得體的”；C選項opaque“（玻璃、液體等）不透明的，不透光的，渾濁的”；D選項salient“顯著的；最重要的”。句意：如果你需要遮擋街景，可以使用（）玻璃。opaque“（玻璃）不透明的，不透光的”，glass（玻璃）可以遮擋光，符合語境。因此C選項正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說：“簡而言之,我們所謂的科學革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用,而這些改進、發明和使用使科學發展無所不及?！?/p>

自由和尊嚴是傳統理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個人對自己的行為負責,并因其業績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很顯然,我們已然摒棄了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及為使女孩們守身如玉而將她們深鎖閨中的農業習俗。

現在我們被迫從那種以人們之間相互猜忌和敵視為標志的關系躍進到一個人們之間必須相互尊重和理解的世界。

同樣地,語言之所以有價值是因為人們承認它是思維的符號,是人與人之間傳輸思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

8.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一廂情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問題4選項

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德標準的下降——長期以來一直困擾著社會分析人士——終于引起了普通美國人的注意。）后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對于這個很開心，由此可知D選項“意識到他們道德標準的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美國社會的物質主義和個人主義是最大的障礙。）從這句可以看出物質主義和個人主義這兩點是美國社會最大的障礙，也是引發道德衰落的原因，由此可知B選項“個人的自我中心”正確。而對物質財富的崇尚，和財富本身的增長沒有直接聯系，因此A選項錯誤；C選項出現在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑戰不應被低估），這里的挑戰就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是選項把challenge換成了change，因此屬于偷換概念，C選項錯誤；D選項出現在倒數第二段，根據篇章分析對這一段的說明，這種歧視現象是過去那個道德水平較高時代的現象，因此絕不會是它引起了現今道德水平的下降，因此D選項也錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她說，這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統社區的解體，在傳統社區中，鄰居們互相照顧。）由此可見，對鄰居的關照是傳統社區的特點，因此C選項“對鄰居的關心”正確。A選項體現在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（隨著當今社會流動性的增強，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，這種紐帶已經被削弱，取而代之的是對自我的更加強調。）這里提到了高流動性，高流動性實際應該是指人口居住地不斷變化，鄰居之間相處時間不會很長，也就無法培養良好關系，當然也不會互相關心互相照料?？梢哉fA是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有機會和鄰居交往），而B和D都是現今社會的特點，不是傳統社區的特點，因此A、B、D不對。

4.事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（數據顯示，美國人正艱難應對問題聞所未聞的1950年代，如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。）開頭是“數據表明”，后面是數據所顯示的內容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美國人正在同許多問題做斗爭，這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞（unheardof），suchas表示例舉，說明classroomviolence是problems的一個例子，由此可得A選項“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反，bynomeans，絕非；rare，極少，雙重否定等于肯定，也就是說班級暴力在五十年代經常發生，是錯誤的；B的說法與A相互矛盾，既然聞所未聞，也就不可能投入關注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班級暴力肯定存在于分析家的數據中，因為句頭就有datashow。但要注意，題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s，也就是說班級暴力進入分析家的數據是在50年代。班級暴力在那時尚且聞所未聞，當然是不可能進入分析數據的。

5.事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人們找到對抗社會上物質主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會逆轉的。）因此D選項“如果不太重視物質的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的，B選項不是它的條件。

9.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

問題1選項

A.propelled

B.picked

C.postponed

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項propel“推進，驅使”，B選項pick“挑選，采摘”，pickover“擇優，分檔挑選”；C選項postpone“延遲，緩辦”；D選項preside“主持”，presideover“主持，負責”。句意：會議由市長主持，討論城市稅收增加問題。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，D選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemandinafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky”.Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison’spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.SchoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea

問題2選項

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups.

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods.

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools.

D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance.

問題3選項

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

問題4選項

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching

問題5選項

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段的內容可知，作者提到愛迪生的預言，隨后指出“weallmakemistakes.”說明愛迪生的這個預言是錯誤的，所以選項B正確。

2.細節事實題。根據原文第二段的內容可知，發動計算機項目是國家政府做的，兩位研究人員只是負責該項目的研究，所以選項C不正確。

3.細節事實題。由原文可知，作者提出了三種可能性，最后一種的可能性最大。根據倒數第二段最后一句“Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.”第三種解釋是最簡單的：在教學中使用計算機并不比其他教學方法更好(也許更糟)。選項D符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,...”要證明他們的觀點，唯一可靠的方法當然是進行適當的研究。由此可推斷嗎，目前關于這個問題還沒有一個恰當的研究，選項A符合原文。

5.觀點態度題。根據原文第一段的內容可知，作者提到雖然愛迪生的預言是錯誤的，但至少愛迪生沒有浪費大量的公共資金在全國各地的學校里安裝電影屏幕。隨即在下文提到有的國家卻這樣做了，以及這樣做并沒有帶來好的反響。說明作者對政府在學校里包裝電腦的態度是否定的，選項C正確。

11.單選題

IntheUS88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.

問題1選項

A.liable

B.liberal

C.irrational

D.illegal

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。beliableto“易于…的，有…傾向的”；beillegaltodosth“非法做…”。由后半句可知賣煙給18歲以下的人是違法的。故D項正確。句意：在美國88%的人在18歲前就開始吸煙了，盡管賣煙給18歲以下的人是非法的。

12.單選題

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

問題1選項

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

問題2選項

A.